LEARNING MODULE

MATHEMA G9|Q1 WEEK 1

TICS

QUADRATIC
EQUATIONS

Prepared by:

JEMAEMA C. CABUYADAO
Subject Teacher
CP No.: 09061072595
Facebook Acct.: Jemaema Cocos Cabuyadao
Gmail: [email protected]

Checked by:

FULGENCIO A. ACDAL, JR.

Asst. School Director
 MATHEMATICS 9

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY

1. Illustrates quadratic equations.
2. Solves quadratic equations by: (a) extracting square roots; (b) factoring; (c) completing
the square; and (d) using the quadratic formula.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES
1. Illustrates quadratic equations.
 Identifies the degree of polynomials
2. Solves quadratic equations by: (a) extracting square roots; (b) factoring; (c) completing
the square; and (d) using the quadratic formula.

CONTENT STANDARD
In this module, the learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of quadratic
equations, inequalities and functions, and rational algebraic equations.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner is able to investigate thoroughly mathematical relationships in various
situations, formulate real-life problems involving quadratic equations, inequalities and
functions, and rational algebraic equations and solve them using a variety of strategies.

MATERIALS/RESOURCES:
o Learning Module Internet (if accessible)
o Learning Activity Sheet
o Calculator

GUIDELINES AND REMINDERS

The following are some guidelines and reminders to remember when using this module:
1. Use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer the “What Do You Already Know?” section before moving on to
the next activities included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks found in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW?
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Please answer all items. Take note of the items that you were not able to answer
and look for the right answer as you go through this module. . Write the letter of your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is NOT a quadratic equation?
A. 2 x2 =√ 3 C. 4 ( x 2−5 ) =7 x

B. 2x + 5 = 7 x2
D. =4 √ 5
2
2. A quadratic equation in one variable is an equation of the form a x 2+ bx+ c=0. Which could
NOT have a value of 0?
A. a C. c
B. b D. a and b
3. A quadratic equation has two distinct unreal roots if b 2−4 ac is _____________.
A. less than zero
B. less than or equal to zero
C. greater than zero but not a perfect square
D. greater than zero and a perfect square
4. Which number should be added on both sides of the equation 2 x2 +8 x +5=0 if completing
the square will be used?
A. 64 C. 16
B. 5 D. 4
5. If x 2−13 x+ 42=0 , then x is equal to _______.
A. 6 and 7 C. 3 and -14
B. -3 and 14 D. -6 and -7
6. We can say that a quadratic equation is in its standard form if it is written in the form
a x 2+ bx+ c=0.
A. True C. Maybe
B. False D. Neither
7. What is the GCF in the trinomial 3 x 2−9 x−120 ?
A. 3 C. 2
B. 6 D. 9
8. Factor x 2−5 x−24.
A. (x – 5) (x+19) C. (x-8) (x+3)
B. (x-3) (x+8) D. (x-19) (x+5)
9. Factor using difference of squares: x 2−25.
A. (x+5) (x-5) C. (x-5) (x-5)
B. (x+5) (x+5) D. Prime
10. What is the GCF in 4x2+8x?
A. 2x B. x
 C. 2 D. 4x

Lesson 1: QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Start this module by assessing your knowledge of the different mathematical concepts
previously studied. These knowledge and skills will help you understand quadratic
equations.

EXPLORE! Write your solution and answer in a separate sheet of white pad paper.

Another Kind of Equation!

Below are different equations. Tell whether these equations are quadratic or not. Write “Q”
for quadratic equations and “NQ” for non-quadratic equations, then answer the questions that
follow.

_______1. 2𝑠+3𝑡=−7 _______6. 9𝑟2−25−0

_______2. 𝑥2−5𝑥+3=0 _______7. 9−4𝑥=15
_______3. 6𝑝−𝑞=10 _______8. 𝑟2=144
_______4. 34ℎ+6=0 _______9. 𝑡2−7𝑡+6=0
_______5. 4𝑚2+4𝑚+1=0 _______10. 𝑐=12𝑛−5
Follow up questions:
1. How do you describe quadratic equations?
__________________________________________________________________________
2. How are quadratic equations different from other kinds of equations (e.g. linear
equations)?
__________________________________________________________________________

WHAT DO YOU NEED TO KNOW?

The term quadratic comes from "quad" meaning, square, because the variable gets
squared (like x2). It is also called an "Equation of Degree 2" (because of the "2" on the x)

A quadratic equation in one variable is a mathematical sentence of degree 2 that can

be written in the following standard form.

𝒂𝒙𝟐+𝒃𝒙+𝒄=𝟎, where a, b, and c are real numbers and a≠0.

In the equation, 𝒂𝒙𝟐 is the quadratic term, 𝒃𝒙 is the linear term, and 𝒄 is the constant
term.

Examples:

1. 𝟐𝒙𝟐+𝟓𝒙−𝟑=𝟎 is a quadratic equation in standard form with a = 2, b = 5, and c = -3.

2. 𝟑𝒙 (𝒙−𝟐) = 𝟏𝟎 is a quadratic equation but not in standard form. To write the equation in
standard form, expand the product and make one side of the equation zero as shown below.
 𝟑𝒙(𝒙−𝟐)=𝟏𝟎 𝟑𝒙𝟐−𝟔𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟑𝒙 −𝟔𝒙−𝟏𝟎=𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟎
𝟐

𝟑𝒙𝟐−𝟔𝒙−𝟏𝟎=𝟎

The equation becomes 𝟑𝒙𝟐−𝟔𝒙−𝟏𝟎=𝟎, which is in standard form. In the equation, a = 3,

b = -6, and c = -10.

3. (𝟐𝒙+𝟓) (𝒙−𝟏) = −𝟔 is also a quadratic equation but it is not written in standard form. Here’s
how to write it in standard form:

(𝟐𝒙+𝟓)(𝒙−𝟏)=−𝟔 𝟐𝒙𝟐−𝟐𝒙+𝟓x−𝟓=−𝟔
𝟐𝒙𝟐+𝟑𝒙−𝟓=−𝟔
𝟐𝒙𝟐+𝟑𝒙−𝟓+𝟔=−𝟔+𝟔
𝟐𝒙𝟐+𝟑𝒙+𝟏=𝟎

The equation becomes 𝟐𝒙𝟐+𝟑𝒙+𝟏=𝟎, which is in standard form. In the equation, a = 2,

b = 3, and c = 1.

Here are more examples of writing quadratic equations in standard form:

In disguise In Standard Form a, b and c

Move all terms to left

x2 = 3x − 1 x2 − 3x + 1 = 0 a=1, b=−3, c=1
hand side
Expand (undo the
2(w2 − 2w) = 5 brackets), and move 2w2 − 4w − 5 = 0 a=2, b=−4, c=−5
5 to left
Expand, and move 3
z(z−1) = 3 z2 − z − 3 = 0 a=1, b=−1, c=−3
to left

Let us now proceed to the lesson on finding the solutions of quadratic equations. As
you go through this lesson, think of this important question: “How does finding solutions of
quadratic equations facilitate in solving real-life problems and in making decision?” Perform
each activity and seek the help of your parents or peers if you find difficulty in answering the
exercises. Let’s go!

Lesson 2: SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

EXPLORE! Write your solution and answer in a separate sheet of white pad paper.

Activity 1: What Would Make a Statement True?

Solve each of the following equations in as many ways as you can. Answer the questions
that follow. A sample is done for you.

Example:
3ℎ−2=10
3ℎ−2+2=10+2
3ℎ=12
 3 12
h=
3 3
ℎ=4

1. 𝑥+7=12 4. 2𝑠=16
2. 𝑡−4=10 5. 3(𝑥+7)=24
3. 𝑟+5=−3

Follow up questions:
1. What does “solve the equation” mean?
__________________________________________________________________________

2. What mathematical concepts or principles did you apply to come up with the solution of
each equation?

__________________________________________________________________________

WHAT DO YOU NEED TO KNOW?

A. SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY EXTRACTING SQUARE ROOTS

Before learning about finding the solutions of quadratic equations by extracting square
roots, can you find the square roots of these expressions first?

1.√ 16 2. −√ 25 3. √ 49 4. −√ 64

Quadratic equations that can be written in the form 𝑥2 = 𝑘 can be solved by extracting
square roots. Here are the properties to be applied along with examples.

1. If 𝒌 is positive, the quadratic equation has two real solutions or roots. 𝑥=±√ k .

Example 1. Solve the equation 𝑥2−16=0.

Solution:

𝑥2 – 16 = 0
𝑥2 = 16 Write the equation in the form 𝑥2=𝑘
2
√ x =√16 Extract the roots of both sides.
𝑥 = ±√ 16 Since 16 is positive, the first property above can
be applied.
𝒙 = ±𝟒 The equation has two solutions: 𝑥=4 and 𝑥=−4.

2. If 𝒌 is equal to zero, the quadratic equation has one real solution or root. 𝑥=0.

Example 2. Solve the equation 𝑡2=0.

Solution:

𝑡2 = 0
 √ t 2 =√ 0 Extract the roots of both sides.
𝒕=𝟎 The equation has one solution: 𝑡 = 0.

3. If 𝒌 is negative, the quadratic equation has no real solutions or roots.

Example 3. Solve the equation 𝑠2+9=0.

Solution:

𝑠2 + 9 = 0
𝒔𝟐 = −𝟗 Since -9 is less than 0, then the equation has no
real solutions or roots.

Example 4. Find the solutions of the equation (𝑥−4)2 – 25 = 0.

Solution:

(𝑥−4)2 – 25 = 0
(𝑥−4)2 = 25 This is the resulting equation if we add 25 to both
sides.
2
√ ( x−4 ) =√ 25 Extract the roots of both sides.
𝑥−4 = ±5

Now solve for 𝑥 in the resulting equation.

𝑥–4=5 and 𝑥 – 4 = −5
=5+4 𝑥 = −5 + 4
𝒙=𝟗 𝒙=−𝟏

The equation has two solutions or roots: 𝒙=𝟗 and 𝒙=−𝟏.

Important note: To check whether the obtained values are correct, substitute the
obtained values to the given equation. If the obtained value/s satisfy the given equation or
makes it true, then it means that the value/s is/are correct.
You may learn more about solving quadratic equations by extracting the roots through
the WEB. You may open the following links:
https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/beginning-algebra/s12-01-extracting-square-
roots.html
https://www.purplemath.com/modules/solvquad2.htm

B. SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY FACTORING

As a warm-up, can you try factoring these out? Write your solution and answer in a
separate sheet of white pad paper.

1. 4𝑥 + 2 3. 4𝑥 + 20𝑥2 5. 𝑠2 + 8𝑠 + 12

2. 2𝑥𝑦 – 18𝑦 4. 5𝑡 – 10𝑡2

Some quadratic equations can easily be solved by factoring. To solve such quadratic
equations, the following procedure can be followed.
 1. Transform the quadratic equation into standard form if necessary.

2. Factor the quadratic expression.

3. Apply the zero product property by setting each factor of the quadratic expression
equal to 0.

Zero Product Property

If the product of two real numbers is zero, then either of the two is equal to zero or both
numbers are equal to zero.

4. Solve each resulting equation.

5. Check the values of the variable obtained by substituting each in the original
equation.

Example 1: Find the solutions of 𝑥2+ 9𝑥 = −8 by factoring.

a. Transform the equation into standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0.

𝒙𝟐+ 𝟗𝒙 = −𝟖 → 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗𝒙 + 𝟖 = 𝟎

b. Factor the quadratic expression 𝑥2 + 9𝑥 + 8.

𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗𝒙 + 𝟖 = 𝟎 → (𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝟖) = 𝟎

c. Apply the zero product property by setting each factor of the quadratic expression
equal to 0.

(𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝟖) = → + 𝟏 = 𝟎; and 𝒙 + 𝟖 = 𝟎

d. Solve each resulting equation.

𝒙+𝟏=𝟎 → 𝒙+𝟏–𝟏=𝟎–𝟏
𝒙 = −𝟏
𝒙+𝟖=𝟎 → 𝒙+𝟖–𝟖=𝟎–𝟖
𝒙 = −𝟖

e. Check the values of the variable obtained by substituting each in the equation 𝑥2 +
9𝑥 = −8.

Both values of x satisfy the given equation. So the equation 𝑥2 + 9𝑥 = −8 is true when 𝒙 =
−𝟏 or when 𝒙 = −𝟖.

Learn more about Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring through the internet. You
may open the following links:
http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/beginning-algebra/s09-06-solving-equations-by-
factoring.html
http://www.purplemath,com/modules/solvquad.htm
http://www.webmath.com/quadri.html

C. SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY COMPLETING THE SQUARE

Let’s warm up first by recalling the definition of a perfect square trinomial.
 A perfect square trinomial is actually the result of squaring a binomial.

Now try determining a number that must be added to make each of the following
expressions a perfect square trinomial. Write your answer in a separate sheet of white
pad paper.

1. 𝑥2+2𝑥+_____ 3. 𝑥2−30𝑥+____

2. 𝑟2−16𝑟+_____ 4. 𝑡2+20𝑡+____

Another method of solving quadratic equation is by completing the square. This

method involves transforming the quadratic equation 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 into the form (𝒙−𝒉) =
𝒌, where 𝒌 ≥ 𝟎. Can you tell why the value of 𝒌 should be positive?

To solve the quadratic equation 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 by completing the square, the

following steps can be followed:

1. Divide both sides of the equation by a then simplify.

2. Write the equation such that the terms with variables are on the left side of the
equation and the constant term is on the right side.
2
b
3. Add the square of one-half of the coefficient of 𝑥 on both sides ( ) the resulting
2
equation. The left side of the equation becomes a perfect square trinomial.
4. Express the perfect square trinomial on the left side of the equation as a square of a
binomial.
5. Solve the resulting quadratic equation by extracting the square root.
6. Solve the resulting linear equations.
7. Check the solutions obtained against the original equation.

Examples:
1. Solve the quadratic equation 2𝑥2 + 8𝑥 – 10 = 0 by completing the square.

Solution:
2 x 2 +8 x−10 0
2𝑥2+8𝑥−10=0 =
2 2
2
x + 4 x−5=0
x 2+ 4 x=5
b 2 2
b

2
x 2+ 4 x +
2
() 2
=5+ ()2
4 4

2
()
x 2+ 4 x +
2
=5+ ()
2
x + 4 x +4=5+ 4
x 2+ 4 x +4=9
( x +2 )2=9
√ ( x+ 2 )2=√ 9
( x +2)=±3

Here are the 2 solutions or roots:

𝒙 + 𝟐 = +𝟑 and 𝒙+ 𝟐 = −𝟑
 𝒙=𝟑−𝟐 𝒙=−𝟑−𝟐
𝒙=𝟏 𝒙 = −𝟓

You may learn more about solving quadratic equations by completing the square through
the WEB. You may open the following links:
https://www.purplemath.com/modules/solvquad3.htm
https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/beginning-algebra/s12-02-completing-the-
square.html

D. SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY USING THE QUADRATIC FORMULA

Before we learn about finding the solutions of quadratic equations using the quadratic
formula, try simplifying the following expressions first. The first one is done for you.

3+ √ 9 3+3 6 1 −6− √36−20

1. = = = 3. =¿
2(6) 12 12 2 2(1)

6− √ 9 5+ √ 25+100
2. =¿ 4.
2(3) 2(4 )

Before performing the next set of activities, read and understand first some important
notes on Solving Quadratic equations by using the Quadratic Formula and the examples
presented.

The solutions of any quadratic equation in standard form 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 can be

determined by using the Quadratic Formula:

−b ± √ b2−4 ac
x= , where a ≠ 0.
2a

To solve any quadratic equation 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 using the quadratic formula, determine
the values of 𝒂, 𝒃, and 𝒄, then substitute these in the equation
−b ± √ b2−4 ac . Simplify the result if possible, then check the solutions obtained against
x=
2a
the original equation.

Example: Find the solutions of the equation 2𝑥2+3𝑥 = 27 using the quadratic formula.
Solution:

2𝑥2+3𝑥=27
2𝑥2+3𝑥−27=0 Write the equation in standard form.
𝒂=2, 𝒃=3, 𝒄=-27 Determine the values of 𝒂, 𝒃, and 𝒄.

Then, substitute the values of 𝒂, 𝒃, and 𝒄 in the quadratic formula.

−b ± √ b2−4 ac −3 ± √32−4 (2)(−27)

x= x=
2a 2(2)
 −3 ± √ 9−4 (2)(−27)
¿
2(2)
−3 ± √ 9+216
¿
4
−3 ± √ 225
¿
4
−3 ±15
¿
4

1st solution/root: 2nd solution/root:

−3+15 −3−15
x= x=
4 4

12 −18
¿ ¿
4 4
9
¿3 ¿−
2
The obtained values of 𝑥 satisfies the given equation 2𝑥2+3𝑥=27 thus, both are
solutions of such equation.

Learn more about Solving Quadratic equations by using the Quadratic Formula through the
WEB. Here are suggested links:
http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/beginning-algebra/s12-03-quadratic-formula.html
https://www.purplemath.com/modules/solvquad4.htm
http://www.algebrahelp.com/lessons/equations/quadratic

Now that you already learned quadratic equation and how to solve, proceed to the
provided Learning Activity Sheet and answer the following activities.