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    Design Case, But Several Off-Design Cases.: AUGUST 1996 - Chemical Engineering Progress

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    Muthu Srinivasan Muthu Selvam
    This document discusses the selection of pinch point and approach point parameters for HRSG units. It states that unlike conventional steam generators, steam production in HRSGs depends on exhaust gas conditions from gas turbines. The pinch point and approach point are usually selected based on an "unfired" design case using exhaust gas parameters at standard ambient conditions of 60°F. This allows the HRSG to be sized for components that can be economically manufactured and shipped. The pinch and approach points will vary for different "off-design" cases with non-standard ambient conditions or gas turbine loads.

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    Design Case, But Several Off-Design Cases.: AUGUST 1996 - Chemical Engineering Progress

    Uploaded by

    Muthu Srinivasan Muthu Selvam
    43 views1 page
    This document discusses the selection of pinch point and approach point parameters for HRSG units. It states that unlike conventional steam generators, steam production in HRSGs depends on exhaust gas conditions from gas turbines. The pinch point and approach point are usually selected based on an "unfired" design case using exhaust gas parameters at standard ambient conditions of 60°F. This allows the HRSG to be sized for components that can be economically manufactured and shipped. The pinch and approach points will vary for different "off-design" cases with non-standard ambient conditions or gas turbine loads.

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    This document discusses the selection of pinch point and approach point parameters for HRSG units. It states that unlike conventional steam generators, steam production in HRSGs depends on exhaust gas conditions from gas turbines. The pinch point and approach point are usually selected based on an "unfired" design case using exhaust gas parameters at standard ambient conditions of 60°F. This allows the HRSG to be sized for components that can be economically manufactured and shipped. The pinch and approach points will vary for different "off-design" cases with non-standard ambient conditions or gas turbine loads.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    43 views1 page

    Design Case, But Several Off-Design Cases.: AUGUST 1996 - Chemical Engineering Progress

    Uploaded by

    Muthu Srinivasan Muthu Selvam
    This document discusses the selection of pinch point and approach point parameters for HRSG units. It states that unlike conventional steam generators, steam production in HRSGs depends on exhaust gas conditions from gas turbines. The pinch point and approach point are usually selected based on an "unfired" design case using exhaust gas parameters at standard ambient conditions of 60°F. This allows the HRSG to be sized for components that can be economically manufactured and shipped. The pinch and approach points will vary for different "off-design" cases with non-standard ambient conditions or gas turbine loads.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    member that conventional steam gen-

    erators start out at 3,200°F or so, the


    adiabatic combustion temperature of
    the fuels used.) Hence, the economiz-
    er duty in the HRSG will also be low,
    leading to a high exit gas tempera-
    ture. Also (again unlike in a conven-
    tional steam generator), the effect of
    steam pressure is significant - the
    higher the steam pressure, the higher
    the exit gas temperature from the
    evaporator and the lower the steam
    generation rate, leading to a smaller
    duty in the economizer and a higher
    exit gas temperature. This is the rea-
    son for considering multiple -pressure
    units, as well as deaeration steam
    coils and condensate heaters in
    HRSGs operating at high pressures.
    Two variables that directly affect
    steam production and the gas and
    steam temperature profiles are the
    pinch point and the approach point
    (Figure 2) (1). The pinch point is the
    difference between the gas tempera-
    ture leaving the evaporator and the
    temperature of saturated steam. The
    approach point is the difference be-
    tween the temperature of saturated
    steam and the temperature of the
    water entering the evaporator.
    Selection of these two variables also
    entering the HRSG. Also, these pa- auxiliary fuel to generate a desired
    affects the size of the superheater, the
    rameters vary with ambient conditions, quantity of steam. There is only one
    evaporator, and the economizer.
    elevation, gas turbine load, and fuel design case, but several off-design
    Based on the sizes of evaporators that
    fired. Hence, the design case could be cases.
    can be built and shipped eco-
    60°F ambient condition at 100% load Prudent engineering calls for the
    nomically, the pinch and approach
    of the gas turbine, or any other pinch and approach points to be es -
    points for unfired HRSGs are usually
    accepted gas inlet parameters. tablished in the unfired mode (2, 3)
    in the range of 15°F to 30°F. (If one
    Using exhaust gas parameters at this rather than in the fired mode, for sev-
    specifically wants to generate less
    condition, one arrives at the design eral reasons:
    steam, such as in a multiple-pressure
    temperature profile, which forms the 1. Designs that can be physically and
    HRSG generating more low-pressure
    basis for sizing the HRSG. The HRSG economically shipped can be es-
    steam than high-pressure steam, then
    is then designed, or sized, once the tablished if pinch and approach points
    a larger pinch and approach may be
    pinch and approach points are selected are chosen in the range suggested
    used.)
    - that is, the surface areas are (Figure 2) in the unfired mode at the
    Pinch and approach points are se-
    determined indirectly. design ambient conditions.
    lected for a particular case or exhaust
    Once selected, the pinch and approach 2. A HRSG simulation approach is
    gas condition called the "design
    points will vary if gas flow and exhaust required to evaluate the pinch and
    case." Unlike in a conventional steam
    gas temperature vary. These cases are approach points at fired conditions or
    generator, where the steam demand
    called "off-design" cases. For example, at different ambient conditions (2, 3).
    drives the design case, in a HRSG
    at different ambient conditions and gas If the pinch and approach were se-
    steam production is affected by the
    turbine loads, one can have different lected in the fired mode (which is not
    conditions of the exhaust gas leaving
    exhaust gas parameters, or one may recommended), it is likely that the
    the gas turbine (such as flow rate,
    have to burn pinch point in the unfired mode could
    temperature, and gas analysis) and

    34 • AUGUST 1996 • CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS

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