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    1. Our sleep habits have changed over the last century due to factors like electric lighting and increased travel. People now sleep less than 8 hours on average compared to 9 hours in the 18th-19th centuries. 2. Lack of sufficient sleep impairs performance and health, increasing risks of accidents, infections and mental issues like confusion or irritability. 3. To improve sleep, people should make more time for sleep by taking afternoon naps or sleeping longer on weekends to make up for chronic sleep deprivation.

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    1. Our sleep habits have changed over the last century due to factors like electric lighting and increased travel. People now sleep less than 8 hours on average compared to 9 hours in the 18th-19th centuries. 2. Lack of sufficient sleep impairs performance and health, increasing risks of accidents, infections and mental issues like confusion or irritability. 3. To improve sleep, people should make more time for sleep by taking afternoon naps or sleeping longer on weekends to make up for chronic sleep deprivation.

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    1. Our sleep habits have changed over the last century due to factors like electric lighting and increased travel. People now sleep less than 8 hours on average compared to 9 hours in the 18th-19th centuries. 2. Lack of sufficient sleep impairs performance and health, increasing risks of accidents, infections and mental issues like confusion or irritability. 3. To improve sleep, people should make more time for sleep by taking afternoon naps or sleeping longer on weekends to make up for chronic sleep deprivation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4K views3 pages

    Untitled Document

    Uploaded by

    Maya Deepak
    1. Our sleep habits have changed over the last century due to factors like electric lighting and increased travel. People now sleep less than 8 hours on average compared to 9 hours in the 18th-19th centuries. 2. Lack of sufficient sleep impairs performance and health, increasing risks of accidents, infections and mental issues like confusion or irritability. 3. To improve sleep, people should make more time for sleep by taking afternoon naps or sleeping longer on weekends to make up for chronic sleep deprivation.

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    of 3

    Section A:Reading.

    1.Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow it : (12)

    Our sleep habits have changed over the last century or so and we do not get as much as sleep as we
    ought to.
    In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, people went to bed early, soon after it was dark. Their
    sleep habits were fixed by the alternation of day and night, light and darkness. They woke up by the day
    break, and thus, they could get nine hours of sleep on an average.
    Today the situation has changed. People, especially in industrialised countries, get less than eight
    hours of sleep per day. According to biologists and specialists, in sleep disorders, a large number of
    people are not sleeping enough and thus, sleep deficit affects their health and their performance.
    How did this change in our sleep habits come about? One cause was the introduction of the light
    bulb. When the electric bulb came into common use, people could work till late in the evening or even till
    midnight.
    Millions of people today travel by air across time zones, and suffer jet lag in the process. The
    world has become one big market, and businessmen have to be constantly travelling ;this robs them of
    their sleep. Many people get addicted to television and consider themselves compensated for the loss of
    sleep by being able to watch interesting programmes of entertainment, or live telecasts of sports or
    political events from foreign countries.
    Experiments, where people have stayed awake for days at a time, show that they soon become
    tired, confused, irritable and eventually I'll, with headaches and increased risk of infections and accidents.
    Many people who suffer from sleeplessness (insomnia), are worried or anxious or depressed. Treating the
    insomnia may help ;doctors can prescribe various types of sleeping pills to aid sleep.
    Research has shown that the performance of the people suffers if they are deprived of sleep.
    They cannot concentrate, they cannot absorb what they are reading, they cannot make calculations, they
    make mistakes. Some traffic accidents can be traced to the drivers falling asleep while at the wheel.
    Sleep-deprived people cannot be alert, and this can lead to accidents in factories when such people lose
    their concentration while monitoring machines.
    What, then, is to be done to set things right? Obviously, people should learn to sleep more. One
    way is to take a siesta in the afternoon, as people often do in tropical countries. Extra sleep during
    weekend can help, but where there has been severe deprivation,it may take a long time to make up for lost
    sleep. The most sensible thing to do would be to go back to our old-time habits and sleep an hour longer
    every night.
    I.On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the best of
    the given choices. (6) ​a.What determined the sleep habits of people in earlier
    times?
    i)the amount of work they had to do
    ii)day and night
    iii)their energy level
    iv)none of the above
    b.What has affected our sleep habits in modern times?
    i)the light bulb. ii)travel across the world
    iii)radio and television. iv)all the above
    c.How is insomnia caused?
    i)by worry, anxiety and depression
    ii)by late working hours
    iii) by sickness
    iv) by shift duties
    d.What happens if we do not get enough sleep?
    i) We sleep during work
    ii) We sleep while watching movie
    iii)We become confused, irritable and tired
    iv) All the above
    e.The synonym of 'sleeplessness'is_________
    i) somnia. ii)insomnia
    iii) awake. iv)drowsiness
    f.Find a word from the passage which means 'ultimately'
    i) soon. ii) eventually
    iii) treating. iv) irritable
    II. Answer the following questions briefly.(4) ​i) What is insomnia?
    ii) What happens if we do not get enough sleep?
    iii) How can we improve our sleep pattern?
    iv) How many hours did people sleep in the 18th and 19th centuries?
    b)Find word from the passage which mean (2)
    i) change ii) shortage

    2.Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow it. (8)
    We need money to survive, to be comfortable, to indulge and enjoy ourselves. Even as children, though
    not earning ourselves, we seek pocket money from parents. Money also gives you power over others. The
    more the money,more the purchasing power. Not surprisingly, money is the single most sought after
    commodity today.
    To acquire wealth, however, one needs knowledge. The main purpose of education is to acquire
    knowledge that prepares you to face life and build your character. If the only purpose of knowledge
    acquisition is to earn money, then education is narrowed down to the knowledge required for only a low
    level of subsistence.
    Broader and deeper knowledge has several advantages over material wealth. Knowledge can be used
    to make money, but it cannot really be purchased with money, it is acquired by individual effort. Worldly
    wealth is limited, knowledge is unlimited. Knowledge cannot be taken away or stolen. It is not
    burdensome to carry and it causes no anxiety. Wealth could diminish but knowledge increases when
    shared. A man of wealth is respected only till he possesses it; an erudite person is respected even long
    after he is no more.
    The Mundaka Upanishad speaks of two kinds of knowledge acquired by study of the Vedas, rituals
    and astrology for one's well being in the material world, and 'para vidya' or higher knowledge, knowledge
    of the imperishable Being or God. One of the three main paths to be followed to attain liberation is'jnana
    yoga,or union with God through knowledge. Krishna says in Bagavat Gita:"Realisation and competence
    gained through spiritual practices are never lost ."
    Material wealth is an impediment for a seeker of 'para vidya,' because it is a source of obstruction.
    As Krishna says: "He whom I want to bestow my grace, I slowly deprive him of all his wealth."
    a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it using headings and sub
    headings.Use recognisable abbreviations, wherever necessary, and give it a suitable title.
    (5)
    b)Give a summary of the passage in your own words. (3)

    Section C: Grammar
    6.Make corrections wherever necessary.. ​(4)
    i)A lie is told by you yesterday.
    ii) You are taught by us tomorrow.
    iii) Had the picture been painting by her?
    iv)She has insulted by you in public.

    7.One word is omitted in each line in the following passage. Write the missing word along with the word
    coming before it and the word coming after it. The first one is done as an example:
    (4)
    I never forget one of my childhood. I can never
    experiences.I was trying climb a tree (a)_________
    when my foot slipped and fell and (b)____________
    fainted. My friends thought I dead. (c)____________
    They all left me and ran. When I (d)___________
    regained consciousness I found I (e)____________
    could not move part of my body. I (f)____________
    had a terrible pain in back and. (g)____________
    legs.I not know what to do. (h)___________

    8.Rearrange the words given below to make meaningful sentences. ​(2)


    a)Where/a/for/and/reading/are/a/library/stored/place/books/is/kept.
    b)the/had/crying/been/child/the/hours/two/last/for.

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