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    ELE 2117 Lesson 6

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    elio
    - Three 60-VA single-phase transformers rated

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    ELE 2117 Lesson 6

    Uploaded by

    elio
    172 views49 pages
    - Three 60-VA single-phase transformers rated

    Original Description:

    Guide to Electrical Machines

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    - Three 60-VA single-phase transformers rated

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    172 views49 pages

    ELE 2117 Lesson 6

    Uploaded by

    elio
    - Three 60-VA single-phase transformers rated

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 49

    LESSON 6

    AUTOTRANSFORMERS &
    THREE PHASE TRANSFORMERS
     It is cheaper than a conventional two winding
    transformer of same rating

     It delivers more power than a two winding


    transformer of similar dimensions

     For a similar power rating it is more efficient

     It requires lower excitation to establish the


    same flux in the core
     There is no electrical isolation between the
    secondary and primary side
     BALANCED STAR CONNECTIONS
     Line to Neutral Voltages – 10 V supply

     Ean =10∠00
     Ebn= 10∠-1200
     Ecn= 10∠1200
    Eab=√3Ean∠+300

    Ebc=√3Ebn∠+300

    Eca=√3Ecn∠+300
     For load at unity power factor line current are
    in phase with line voltages

     Ia =I∠00
     Ib= I∠-1200
     Ic= I∠1200
     Eab=√3Ean∠+300

     Ebc=√3Ebn∠+300

     Eca=√3Ecn∠+300

     Ia=√3Iab∠-300

     Ib=√3Ibc∠-300

     Ic=√3Ica∠-300
    STAR CONNECTION DELTA CONNECTION
    Vline=√3Vphase Vline=Vphase

    Iline= Iphase Iline=√3Iphase

    P= √3Vline Iline cosƟ P= √3Vline Iline cosƟ


     In order to perform single phase calculations
    on a three phase delta system it must be
    changed to an equivalent star

     Ean=Eab(∠-300)/√3

     For balanced three phase impedances


     ZY=ZΔ/3
     Three single phase transformers

     Single three phase transformer is more


    economical
     Star-Star

     Delta – Delta

     Star – Delta

     Delta - Star
    ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE
    (i) Access to neutral If neutral not
    for grounding grounded and load
    not balanced
    (ii) Coil stressed to voltage waveform
    58% of rated voltage distorted
    ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
    Maintains equal No neutral terminal
    voltages even under on either side
    unbalanced load
    conditions Insulation stressed
    to line voltage
    ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
    Secondary winding Voltages and currents
    current 58% load in primary out of
    current phase with voltages
    and currents in
    secondary
    Waveform not as
    distorted if neutral not
    grounded

    SUITABLE FOR STEP DOWN APPLICATION


    SUITABLE FOR STEP UP APPLICATIONS

    ALSO BEING USED FOR INDUSTRIAL LOADS


     A three phase transformer is assembled by
    connecting three 720 VA, 360/120 V, single
    phase transformers. The constants for each
    transformer are RH= 18.9Ω, XH= 21.6Ω, RL=
    2.1Ω, XL= 2.4Ω, RCH= 8.64 kΩ, XMH= 6.84kΩ.
    For each of the four configurations,
    determine nominal voltages and currents
     For each connection

     S = 3 x 720 = 2160 VA = 2.16 Kva

     Voltage Ratings are based on line voltages

     Current Ratings can be calculated as

    kVA
    I
    3V line
    V1L = √3 x 360 = 623.54 V V2L = √3 x 120 = 207.85 V

    Nominal Rating – 2.16 kVA, 624/208 V


    Nominal Rating - 2.16 kVA, 360/120 V
    ZY=ZΔ/3
    Coil A2 is in phase
    with coil A1, etc.

    Nominal Rating
    2.16 kVA, 624/120 V

    Equivalent star voltage


    lags phase voltage by
    300
    E1n =aE2n∠300

    IpA = 1/a I2A ∠300


    Nominal Rating
    2.16 kVA, 360/208 V
    E1n =aE2n∠-300

    IpA = 1/a I2A ∠-300


     Three single phase transformers, each rated 12
    kVA, 120/240 V, are connected to form a three
    phase, step up, star/delta connection. The
    constants for each transformer are RH=
    133.5mΩ, XH= 201mΩ, RL= 39.5mΩ, XL= 61.5
    mΩ, RCL= 204 Ω, XML= 290 Ω.
     What are the nominal voltage, current and power
    rating of the three phase transformer?
     When it delivers rated load at rated voltage and
    0.8 pf lagging, determine line currents, line
    voltages and the efficiency of the transformer.
    Primary Secondary
    Phase Voltage 120 V 240 V
    Line Voltage 208 V 240 V
    Phase Current 100 A 50 A
    Line Current 100 A 86.6 A
    Primary Secondary
    Phase Voltage 120 V 138.564 V
    Line Voltage 208 V 240 V
    Phase Current 100 A 86.6 A
    Line Current 100 A 86.6 A
    V2N =138.564∠00
    V2 N  138.564V

    I 2 A  86.6  36.87 A
    0

    120
    a  0.866
    138.564
    86.6  36.87 0

    I 
    pA
    30 0

    0.866

     100  6.87 A
    0
    E  V  I (0.0445  j 0.67)
    2N 2N 2A

     138.564  (86.6  36.87 )(0.0445  j 0.67)


    0

    145.1470.92 0
    E  3E 30  251.430.92
    2L 2N
    0 0

    E  aE 30  125.730.92
    1N 2N
    0 0
    1 1
    I I E (
    1A pA 1N
     )
    240 j 290

    1 1
     100  6.87  (125.730.92 [
    0 0
     ]
    240 j 290

     100.68  6.88 A 0
    V  E  (0.0395  j 0.0615) I
    1N 1N 1A

    125.730.92  (0.0395  j 0.0615)(100.68  6.88 )


    0 0

    132.6631.98 0
    V  3V 30
    1L 1N
    0

     229.7761.98 V 0
    P  3 Re[138.564 * 86.636.87 ]
    O
    0

     28,800W
    P  3 Re[(132.6631.98 )(100.686.88 )]
    in
    0 0

     31,200W

    28.8
      92.3%
    31.2
     A 300-kVA, 460-V, balanced three-phase
    load is supplied by three single phase
    transformers connected in Y/Δ to form a
    three-phase transformer. The primary
    winding of the three-phase transformer is
    connected to a 4.8 kV, three-phase
    transmission line. Determine (a) the rated
    primary voltage and current, (b) the rated
    secondary voltage and current, and (c) the
    power rating of each transformer.
     Three 2.2-kVA, 440/220-V transformers are
    connected to form a three phase transformer.
     Each transformer has the following parameters:
     RH = 1.2 Ω, XH= 2.0 Ω, RL = 0.3 Ω, XL = 0.5 Ω,
    RcH= 2.2 kΩ and XmH = 1.8 kΩ
     Determine the rated (line) primary winding
    voltage and current, the rated (line) secondary
    winding voltage and current, and the equivalent
    ‘a’ ratio for each of the four connections.
     Draw the exact per phase equivalent circuit for
    the star/delta connection.
     Three 60-VA, 120/208-V, single-phase
    transformers are to be used to form a three-
    phase transformer.

     For each of the four connections, determine


    (a) the phase voltages, (b) the phase currents,
    (c) the a-ratio, and (d) the power rating.

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