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    CNT - Bio Space

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    Guru Krupa
    Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical carbon molecules that range in size from 2nm to 30 μm in diameter and up to several micrometers in length, around 50,000 times smaller than a human hair. They have novel and useful properties like being 100 times stronger than steel, highly conductive, and able to maintain high current densities. There are two main types: single-walled and multi-walled. They are produced mainly through arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition. Purification techniques are then used to separate nanotubes from impurities before they can be utilized in various applications such as electronics, optics, sensors, and composite materials.

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    CNT - Bio Space

    Uploaded by

    Guru Krupa
    69 views4 pages
    Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical carbon molecules that range in size from 2nm to 30 μm in diameter and up to several micrometers in length, around 50,000 times smaller than a human hair. They have novel and useful properties like being 100 times stronger than steel, highly conductive, and able to maintain high current densities. There are two main types: single-walled and multi-walled. They are produced mainly through arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition. Purification techniques are then used to separate nanotubes from impurities before they can be utilized in various applications such as electronics, optics, sensors, and composite materials.

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    Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical carbon molecules that range in size from 2nm to 30 μm in diameter and up to several micrometers in length, around 50,000 times smaller than a human hair. They have novel and useful properties like being 100 times stronger than steel, highly conductive, and able to maintain high current densities. There are two main types: single-walled and multi-walled. They are produced mainly through arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition. Purification techniques are then used to separate nanotubes from impurities before they can be utilized in various applications such as electronics, optics, sensors, and composite materials.

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    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    69 views4 pages

    CNT - Bio Space

    Uploaded by

    Guru Krupa
    Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical carbon molecules that range in size from 2nm to 30 μm in diameter and up to several micrometers in length, around 50,000 times smaller than a human hair. They have novel and useful properties like being 100 times stronger than steel, highly conductive, and able to maintain high current densities. There are two main types: single-walled and multi-walled. They are produced mainly through arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition. Purification techniques are then used to separate nanotubes from impurities before they can be utilized in various applications such as electronics, optics, sensors, and composite materials.

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    CARBON NANO TUBES

    GURU KRUPA, N
    IIIyr ,IBT

    Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical carbon molecules having a size ranging from
    2nm to 30 µm. The word nanotube is derived from their size, because the
    diameter of a nanotube is on the order of a few nanometers (approximately
    50,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair) and can be up to several
    micrometers in length. A nanotube (also known as a buckytube) is a member of
    the fullerene structural family. The current interest in Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
    is a direct consequence of the synthesis of buckminsterfullerene, C60, in 1985
    and its derivatives thereafter.
    Carbon nanotubes are found to have novel properties (outstanding mechanical,
    electrical, thermal, and chemical properties: 100 times stronger than steel, best
    field emission emitters, can maintain current density of more than 10-9 A/cm²,
    thermal conductivity comparable to that of diamond) which make them
    potentially useful in a wide variety of applications (e.g., optics, nanoelectronics,
    composite materials, conductive polymers, sensors, etc.). CNTs are of two
    types, namely, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwalled
    nanotubes (MWCNTs) Electronic, molecular and structural properties of carbon
    nanotubes are determined to a large extent by their nearly one dimensional
    structure. Carbon nanotubes have a very large Young modulus in their axial
    direction. The nanotube as a whole is very flexible because of the great length.
    Therefore, these compounds are potentially suitable for applications in
    composite materials that need anisotropic properties.
    Carbon nanotubes are generally produced by three main techniques, arc
    discharge, laser ablation and chemical vapour deposition.

    In arc discharge, a vapour is created by an arc discharge between two carbon


    electrodes with or without catalyst. Nanotubes self-assemble from the resulting
    carbon vapour. In the laser ablation technique, a high-power laser beam
    impinges on a volume of carbon –containing feedstock gas (methane or carbon
    monoxide). At the moment, laser ablation produces a small amount of clean
    nanotubes, whereas arc discharge methods generally produce large quantities of
    impure material. In general, chemical vapour deposition (CVD) results in
    MWNTs or poor quality SWNTs. The SWNTs produced with CVD have a large
    diameter range, which can be poorly controlled. But on the other hand, this
    method is very easy to scale up, what favours commercial production.
    The as-produced SWNT by CVD contains a lot of impurities. The main
    impurities in the soot are graphite (wrapped up) sheets, amorphous carbon,
    metal catalyst and the smaller fullerenes. These impurities will interfere with
    most of the desired properties of the SWNTs.

    In order to increase the purity of the CNT’s produced, we generally go for the
    following techniques discussed; they are oxidation, acid treatment, annealing,
    ultrasonication, micro filtration, ferromagnetic separation, cutting,
    functionalisation and chromatography techniques. Basically, these techniques
    can be divided into two mainstreams, structure selective and size selective
    separations. The first one will separate the SWNTs from the impurities; the
    second one will give a more homogeneous diameter or size distribution.

    Carbon nanotubes due to its, interesting properties, can be utilised in various


    fields. Few in the list;
    • Nanocatalyst
    • Nanoelectronics : Nanosize chips, circuits, molecular wires, for high
    speed communication, the next generation super computer.
    • Nano-Optics & Nanophotonics: High efficiency microscopes, coat of
    CNTS over glass, improves electron flow over glass in a particular manner etc.,
    • Nano Magnetism : CNT can be made to be magnetic and can be used in
    electromagnetic applications and as high efficient sensors.
    • Nan Mecahnics: For NEMS & MEMS application.
    • Nanostructures & Nano Composite Thin Films: As a coat over various
    substrates and many more applications.
    • Nano Composites & Fibres: High strength, low weight fibres made of
    nano carbon particles improves the quality of composite & fibers, can be used
    as chasis of vehichle and aeroplanes.

    At the moment, nanotubes are too expensive and cannot be produced


    selectively. Some future applications of carbon nanotubes look very promising.
    All we need are better production techniques for large amounts of purified
    nanotubes that have to be found in the near future. In our opinion, nanotubes
    promises to open up a way to new applications that might be cheaper, lower in
    weight and have a better efficiency.

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