Computer Integrated Manufacturing PDF

Computer-Integrated Manufacturing
(CIM)
• Product Design and CAD
• CAD System Hardware
• CAM, CAD/CAM and CIM
Automation, Production Systems and Computer-integrated Manufacturing, M. P. Groover, PHI; ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper
Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Manufacturing Support Systems
The procedures and systems used by a firm to manage its
production operations and solve the technical and logistics
problems associated with:
• Designing the products
• Planning the processes
• Ordering materials
• Controlling work-in-process as it moves through the plant
• Delivering quality products to customers
Manufacturing Support Systems in the
Production System
The Design Process
Product design is a critical function in production system,
consisting of six phases:
1. Recognition of need - someone recognizes the need that can
be satisfied by a new design
2. Problem definition - specification of the item
3. Synthesis – conceptualization and creation
4. Analysis and optimization - the concept is analyzed and
redesigned
5. Evaluation - compare design against original specification
6. Presentation - documenting the design (e.g., drawings)
The Design Process
Consists of six steps, some

of which are iterative as
shown at right
Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
Any design activity that involves the effective use of the

computer to create, modify, analyze, or document an
engineering design
• Commonly associated with the use of an interactive
computer graphics system, referred to as a CAD system
• The term CAD/CAM is also used if the computer system
supports manufacturing applications as well as design
applications
Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
(a) The design

process and
(b) how CAD
can be used to
augment the
design process
Geometric Modeling
• Involves the use of a CAD system to develop a mathematical
description of the geometry of an object description (called a
geometric model)
• This permits the user of the CAD system to display an image of the
model on a graphics terminal and to perform certain operations on
the model.
• The user can then play with the model to arrive at the final model
• Two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) models possible
• Geometric models in CAD can also be classified as wire-frame
models or solid models
• Color and animation are also possible
Geometric Models in CAD
(a) Wire-frame model and (b) solid model
Possible software: Solidworks, AutoCAD, CATIA,

some more are also available.
Engineering Analysis
• May be stress–strain calculations, heat transfer analysis, or dynamic
simulation, which are complex and time consuming.
• The term computer-aided engineering (CAE) applies to such
engineering analyses, software available for:
• Mass properties analysis. Computation of volume, surface area,
weight, and center of gravity etc
• Interference checking. to identify interferences between components
• Tolerance analysis.
– to assess how the tolerances may affect the product’s function and
performance
– to determine how tolerances may influence the ease or difficulty of
assembling the product
– to assess how variations in component dimensions may affect the
overall size of the assembly
• Finite element analysis. Software for use on CAD systems to aid in
stress–strain, heat transfer, fluid flow, and other computations.
– A numerical analysis technique for determining approximate
solutions to physical problems described by differential equations.
– In FEA, the physical object is modeled by an assemblage of
discrete interconnected nodes (finite elements), and the variable of
interest (e.g., stress, temperature) in each node can be described
by relatively simple mathematical equations.
• Kinematic and dynamic analysis. Kinematic analysis studies the

operation of mechanical linkages and analyzes their motions.
– Dynamic analysis extends kinematic analysis by including the
effects of the mass of each linkage member and the resulting
acceleration forces as well as any externally applied forces.
• Discrete-event simulation. This type of simulation is
used to model complex operational systems, such as a
manufacturing cell or a material handling system, as
events occur at discrete moments in time and affect the
status and performance of the system.
• Related software; FlexSim, Simula, many more
Some common CAE software:

ANSYS, COMSOL Multiphysics, Altair HyperWorks,
Autodesk CFD, many more
Design Evaluation and Review
• Automatic dimensioning.
• Error checking. CAD algorithms that are used to review the
accuracy and consistency of dimensions and tolerances and to
assess whether the proper design documentation format has
been followed.
• Animation of discrete-event simulation solutions. Input
parameters, probability distributions, and other factors can be
changed to assess their effect on the performance of the system
being modeled.
• Plant layout design scores. Some of these packages provide
one or more numerical scores for each plant layout design,
which allow the user to assess the merits of the alternative
Design Evaluation and Review
• The traditional procedure in designing a new product

includes fabrication of a prototype before approval and
release for production
• The engineers have developed several new approaches
that rely on the use of the geometric model of the product
residing in the CAD data file
– Rapid prototyping
– Virtual prototyping: Digital mock-up to obtain
sensation of the real physical product
(software: Platform Architect MCO, Virtualizer™)
Automated Drafting
• Presentation and documentation
• CAD systems can be used to prepare highly accurate

engineering drawings when paper documents are required.
• Significantly higher productivity
CAD System Hardware
The hardware for a typical CAD system consists of the
following components:
– One of more design workstations

– Digital computer
– Plotters, printers, and other output devices
– Storage devices
CAD Workstations
• System configurations:
– Engineering workstation
▪ Stand-alone computer system dedicated to one
user
▪ Often networked for sharing data and plotters
– CAD system based on a personal computer

▪ PC with high-performance CPU and high-
resolution graphics display monitor
Workstation Configurations
(a) Engineering workstations and (b) PC-based CAD system
Managing the Product Design
• The output of the creative design process includes huge amounts
of data that must be stored and managed.
• These functions are often accomplished in a modern CAD
system using product data management.
• The (PDM) system consists of computer software that provides
links between users (e.g., designers) and a central database
• The software also manages the database by
– tracking the identity of users
– facilitating and documenting engineering changes
– recording a history of the engineering changes on each part
and product
– providing similar documentation functions.
Product lifecycle management (PLM)
• The PDM system is usually considered to be a component of product

lifecycle management (PLM)
• PLM is concerned with managing the entire life cycle of a product,
starting with the initial concept for it, continuing through its
development and design, prototype testing, manufacturing planning,
production operations, customer service, and finally its end-of-life
disposal.
• PLM is a business process
• Implementing PLM involves the integration of product and production
data, business procedures, and people.
Reasons for Using a CAD System
• To increase the productivity of the designer
• To expand the available geometric forms in design - wider range of
mathematically defined shapes possible
• To improve the quality of the design - more engineering analysis
possible, consideration of more alternatives
• To improve design documentation - better drawings than with manual
drafting
• To create a manufacturing database - creation of the design
documentation also creates much of manufacturing data
• To promote design standardization - use of design rules to limit the
number of hole sizes, fasteners, etc.
Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
The effective use of computer technology in manufacturing

planning and control
• Most closely associated with functions in manufacturing
engineering, such as process planning and NC part
programming
• CAM applications can be divided into two broad
categories:
1. Manufacturing planning
2. Manufacturing control
CAM Applications in Manufacturing
Planning
• Computer-aided process planning (CAPP)
• Computer-assisted NC part programming
• CAD/CAM assisted NC part programming
• Computerized machinability data systems
• Computerized work standards
• Cost estimating
• Production and inventory planning
• Computer-aided assembly line balancing
CAM Applications in Manufacturing
Control
Developing computer systems to implement the

manufacturing control functions
• Process monitoring and control
• Quality control
• Shop floor control
• Inventory control
• Just-in-time production systems
CAD/CAM
• Concerned with the engineering functions in both design
and manufacturing
• Denotes an integration of design and manufacturing
activities by means of computer systems
– Goal is to not only automate certain phases of design
and certain phases of manufacturing, but to also
automate the transition from design to manufacturing
– In the ideal CAD/CAM system, the product design
specification residing in the CAD data base would be
automatically converted into the process plan for
making the product
– Enabler of Concurrent engineering
Computer Integrated Manufacturing
• Includes all of the engineering functions of CAD/CAM
• Also includes the firm’s business functions that are
related to manufacturing
• Ideal CIM system applies computer and communications
technology to all of the operational functions and
information processing functions in manufacturing
– From order receipt,
– Through design and production,
– To product shipment
The Scope of CAD/CAM and CIM
• Full implementation of CIM results in the automation of the
information flow through every aspect of the company’s
manufacturing organization
• In effect, ERP software implements computer-integrated

manufacturing.
– It also includes all of the business functions of the
organization that are not related to manufacturing, such
as accounting, finance, and human resources.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Computer Integrated Manufacturing PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Computer Integrated Manufacturing PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Computer-Integrated Manufacturing

Consists of six steps, some

Any design activity that involves the effective use of the

(a) The design

(a) Wire-frame model and (b) solid model

Possible software: Solidworks, AutoCAD, CATIA,

• Kinematic and dynamic analysis. Kinematic analysis studies the

Some common CAE software:

• The traditional procedure in designing a new product

• Presentation and documentation

• CAD systems can be used to prepare highly accurate

• Significantly higher productivity

– One of more design workstations

– CAD system based on a personal computer

• The PDM system is usually considered to be a component of product

The effective use of computer technology in manufacturing

Developing computer systems to implement the

• In effect, ERP software implements computer-integrated

You might also like