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    Calculating CO2 Emissions From The Production of Lime PDF

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    yusuf zulkarnain
    This document provides guidance for calculating carbon dioxide emissions from the lime production process. It describes two approaches for estimating CO2 emissions based on either production data or raw material feed composition. The first approach uses production quantities, stoichiometric ratios, and lime composition to calculate emissions. The second approach is based on carbonate feed quantities, emission factors, and calcination rates. Both approaches require data on lime kiln dust recycling and correction factors. Fuel combustion emissions associated with lime production heating are not included in these methodologies and should be estimated separately using combustion guidelines.

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    Calculating CO2 Emissions From The Production of Lime PDF

    Uploaded by

    yusuf zulkarnain
    61 views3 pages
    This document provides guidance for calculating carbon dioxide emissions from the lime production process. It describes two approaches for estimating CO2 emissions based on either production data or raw material feed composition. The first approach uses production quantities, stoichiometric ratios, and lime composition to calculate emissions. The second approach is based on carbonate feed quantities, emission factors, and calcination rates. Both approaches require data on lime kiln dust recycling and correction factors. Fuel combustion emissions associated with lime production heating are not included in these methodologies and should be estimated separately using combustion guidelines.

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    Calculating CO2 Emissions from the Production of Lime.pdf

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    This document provides guidance for calculating carbon dioxide emissions from the lime production process. It describes two approaches for estimating CO2 emissions based on either production data or raw material feed composition. The first approach uses production quantities, stoichiometric ratios, and lime composition to calculate emissions. The second approach is based on carbonate feed quantities, emission factors, and calcination rates. Both approaches require data on lime kiln dust recycling and correction factors. Fuel combustion emissions associated with lime production heating are not included in these methodologies and should be estimated separately using combustion guidelines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    61 views3 pages

    Calculating CO2 Emissions From The Production of Lime PDF

    Uploaded by

    yusuf zulkarnain
    This document provides guidance for calculating carbon dioxide emissions from the lime production process. It describes two approaches for estimating CO2 emissions based on either production data or raw material feed composition. The first approach uses production quantities, stoichiometric ratios, and lime composition to calculate emissions. The second approach is based on carbonate feed quantities, emission factors, and calcination rates. Both approaches require data on lime kiln dust recycling and correction factors. Fuel combustion emissions associated with lime production heating are not included in these methodologies and should be estimated separately using combustion guidelines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Calculating CO Emissions from the Production of Lime

    2
    (Version 2.0)

    Guide to calculation worksheets (December 2007)

    Table of Contents
    I. Overview
    I.A. Purpose and domain of this tool
    I.B. Process description
    I.C. Applicability of the tool

    II. Overview of methods


    II.A. Approach 1
    II.B. Approach 2

    III. CO Emissions from Fuel Combustion Associated with Lime Acid Production
    2
    IV. References

    I. Overview
    I.A. Purpose and Domain of this Section
    This guideline is written for plant managers and site personnel to facilitate the measurement and
    reporting of greenhouse gas direct emissions resulting from lime manufacturing. This sector
    guideline should be applied by the industries whose operations involve lime production.

    I.B. Process Description


    Lime is used in a variety of industrial, chemical, and environmental applications. Major
    consumption stems from steel making, flue gas desulfurization at coal-fired electric power plants,
    construction, pulp and paper manufacturing, and water purification. Lime is produced in a two or
    three step process: stone preparation, calcination, and hydration. Calcination is the process by
    which limestone, which is mostly calcium carbonate (CaCO ) is heated in a kiln to produce quick
    3
    lime (CaO). Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of this reaction and is usually emitted to the
    atmosphere. However, some facilities recover a portion of the emissions- e.g. for use in sugar
    refining and precipitated calcium carbonate production.

    High-calcium limes are derived from limestone that contain 0 to 5 percent by weight of
    magnesium oxide, and thus have a proportionally high calcium content. In contrast, dolomitic
    limes are usually 35 to 45 percent magnesium oxide. Hydraulic limes undergo partial hardening
    by reaction with water so, unlike non-hydraulic limes, they are capable of setting underwater.

    I.C. Applicability of the tool


    Greenhouse gases are also emitted from the fuel combustion process used to heat the kiln for the
    calcination process. These emissions are not accounted for the guidelines described below.
    Please see the Stationary Combustion guidelines for more details and for the methodology used
    to estimate these emissions.

    II. Overview of methods


    This tool offers two approaches for calculating the CO2 emissions from lime production and both
    are implemented in the associated Excel workbook:

    II.A. Approach 1. Approach 1 estimates emissions using production data. Emission estimates are
    disaggregated on the basis of the types of lime produced. The emissions calculation considers
    the CaO or CaO·MgO content and the stoichiometric ratio of each lime type. The stoichiometric
    ratio is a measure of the amount of CO2 that is released from the calcination of one tonne of a
    specific type of lime. Finally, the emission estimates are corrected for the production of any
    hydrated lime and any uncalcined Lime Kiln Dust (LKD) that is not recycled to the kiln.

    Approach 1 is based on the following equation:

    ECO 2 = [Qi • ( SRi • CaOi )] • [1 − ( H i • H 2Oi )] • CF


    Where:
    ECO2 = Emissions of CO2 in metric tonnes
    Qi = Quantity of lime type i produced (metric tonnes)
    SRi = Stoichiometric ratio of lime type i (fraction)
    CaOi = CaO or CaO·MgO content of lime type i (fraction)
    Hi = Proportion of hydrated lime in lime type i (fraction)
    H2Oi = Water content of the hydrated lime in lime type i
    CF = Lime Kiln Dust (LKD) correction factor

    If plant-specific values for Hi, H2Oi and CaOi are not available, then companies may use the
    default values provided in the tool.

    II.B Approach 2. Approach 2 estimates emissions using data on the carbonate composition of the
    raw material feed that enters the lime kiln. Emissions are disaggregated on the basis of the types
    of carbonates used and are corrected for LKD and the fraction of each carbonate species that
    remains uncalcined following lime production. Approach 2 requires more specific data than
    Approach 1 and may lead to more accurate estimates of CO2 emissions when facility-specific
    data are used throughout the calculation process.

    Approach 2 is based on the following equation:

    E CO 2 = ∑ ( EFi • M i • Fi ) − M d • C d • (1 − Fd ) • EFd
    i

    Where:
    ECO2 = emissions of CO2 from lime production (tonnes)
    EFi = emission factor for carbonate i (tonnes CO2/tonne carbonate).
    Mi = weight or mass of carbonate i consumed (tonnes)
    Fi = fraction calcination achieved for carbonate i (fraction).
    Md = weight or mass of LKD (tonnes)
    Cd = weight fraction of original carbonate in the LKD (fraction).
    Fd = fraction calcination achieved for LKD (fraction).
    EFd = emission factor for the uncalcined carbonate in LKD (tonnes CO2/tonne carbonate).

    If plant-specific values are not available for EFi, Fi, Cd, Fd or EFd, then companies may use the
    default values provided in the tool.

    III. CO Emissions from Fuel Combustion Associated with Lime Manufacture


    2
    Lime production consumes various types of fuels to heat the kiln for the calcination process.
    Greenhouse gas emissions associated with this fuel combustion are not directly accounted for in
    the lime production methodology. Please use the Stationary Combustion guideline to estimate
    these greenhouse gas emissions.
    IV. References

    IPCC (2006), 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (Volume 3,
    Chapter 2). To download this documentation as a PDF file please go to http://www.ipcc-
    nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/3_Volume3/V3_2_Ch2_Mineral_Industry.pdf.

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