Khmelnik Force

Solomon I.
Khmelnik
Khmelnik force
Abstract
It is shown that from the existence of electromagnetic
momentum flow and from the law of momentum conservation
there follows the existence of a previously unknown force. The
author suggests to experimenters to verify the generation of
Khmelnik force and to supplement its name by their own names.
Content
1. Introduction
2. Faraday motor
3. Tamm’s Mental Experiment
4. Experiment of Graham and Lahoz
5. Ivanov’s Mental Experiment
6. The proposed device
References
1. Introduction
In [1] it is shown that the Lorentz and Ampere forces can be
defined as the consequences of the existence of electromagnetic
momentum flow and of the law of momentum preservation. They are
defined in the form (in SI system):
F  V  S   c , (1)
where
S - the energy flow density,
V - volume of body, which is penetrated by the flow of
electromagnetic field,
 - relative permittivity of body,
 - relative permeability of body,
c - light speed in vacuum.
Based on this form it can be asserted that there exists an additional force
which we shall call for short “Khmelnik force” (if, of course, nobody had
considered previously this force). In particular, it can be the Lorentz
force or the Ampere force. But in other cases it is not equivalent to these
forces. Consider some of these cases.
1
2. Faraday motor
The most striking example of such a force can be observed in the
design shown in the following Fig. 1. "The inventor of this motor took
disc of neodymium magnet with nickel coating, magnetized along the
axis, in the center attracted to it by magnet a screw with a sharp end, and
that end attracted by magnet to the positive terminal of round battery.
Then he connected the negative terminal of the battery by thin wire (like
a brush) with cylindrical surface of the magnet. Thus, between the tip of
the screw and the positive terminal a bearing with very low friction was
formed. When the negative terminal of the battery was connected to the
magnet circle, the magnet spun immediately and within a couple of
seconds has reached a top speed of the order of 15,000 rev / min, and
then due to imbalance broke from the screw and flew away!” The quote
and Fig. 1 are taken from [2], but one can easily replicate this experiment.
Earlier in [2] a brief explanation of the experiment was given.
Fig. 1.
In essence, it is - a special case of Faraday motor - see Fig. 2. It has

a electroconductive magnet with induction B , the line of current I
passing along the vertical axis (vertical screws on Fig. 1), along the
magnet's radius and the fixed contact. On electroconductive radius has
electric intensity
E  j , (2)
where j - the current density,  - resistivity. Magnetic intensity H is
proportional to the induction B . Vectors of these intensities are mutually
perpendicular and therefore there flows of electromagnetic energy
S  EH (3)
arises. It is shown in Fig. 2 as two circles in the plane of the magnet.
Note that this flow occurs in a static electromagnetic field. This flow
2
creates a force F that rotates the magnet at a speed v . This force is
neither Lorentz force nor the Ampere force.
I B
F v
Fig. 2.
3. Tamm’s Mental Experiment
Fig. 3.
In [4] Tamm describes the following mental experiment – see Fig.

3. He considers a cylindrical capacitor placed in a uniform magnetic field
Н, parallel to its axis. In the space between the capacitor plates, in
addition to the magnetic field, there is also a radial electric field of
intensity E, created by the charged capacitor. In the space between the
3
capacitor plates in the static electromagnetic field there exists the
Pointing vector (3). The lines of Pointing vector, i.e. the energy flow
lines, are concentric circles whose planes are perpendicular to the axis of
the capacitor. If the intensity E varies in time, the current through the
capacitor, which results in this case, must interact with the magnetic field
and the capacitor must rotated. Therefore, this effect should be observed
only at alternate intensity E.
4. Experiment of Graham and Lahoz

Experimental setup is shown on Fig. 4, where
1 – cylindrical capacitor,
2 – torsion oscillator suspension,
3 - mirror,
4 - radially extending wires for supplying an alternating voltage to
the plates,
5 – superconducting solenoid.
Fig. 4.
The authors write: "Our programme of measurement of forces

related to electromagnetic momentum at low frecuencies in matter has
culminated in the first direct observation of free electromagnetic angular
momentum created by quaststatic and independent electromagnetic fields
E and B in the vacuum gap of a cylindrical capacitor. A resonant
suspension is used to detect its motion. The observer changes in angular
momentum agree with the classical theory within the error of ~20%.
This implies that the vacuum is the seat of something in motion
4
vhenever static fields are set up with non-vanishing Poynting vector, as
Maxwell and Poyntin foresaw." Fluctuations are present only with the
alternate intensivity E.
5. Ivanov’s Mental Experiment

The experiments of Tamm, Graham and Lahose are discussed by
Ivanov in [6] (from this work the illustrations are taken). From these, by
his opinion, follows that “angular momentum of matter and field is not
stored”. Later, in [7] he presents a construction shown on Fig. 5. He
assumes that his construction will be moving only with alternate voltage.
His proof is based on the “laws of momentum and energy conservation
and relativity principle, according to the named laws such movement
takes place due to the force and energy interaction with physical vacuum
(ether)”.
Fig. 5.
6. The proposed device

All the above named experiments with variable currents and
voltages explained by the existence of Ampere force and the law of
conservation of momentum. However, they can not be similarly
explained by Ampere force at constant currents and voltages, but can be
easily explained by the forces (1). Most clearly this can be shown on the
further proposed device.
Let us consider Fig. 7, that shows a body located inside the
solenoid with direct current I . The body has covering electrodes under
direct voltage U . In this case, the body creates electromagnetic
stationary field with electric field intensity E and magnetic field intensity
H . In the body appears a flow of electromagnetic energy with density
5
(3), which is shown in the Fig. 3 by circles. It can be presented in the
form of two spheres united in a body and threading it in the vertical
direction. This flow creates force (1) acting on the body.
E
F
+U H
h
S
d
L
Fig. 3.
Let us discuss in detail the calculation of force (1), using the

notations of the body dimensions shown in the Fig. 3 ure: L, d , h . We
have:
E U /d , (4)
V  hdL , (5)
H  Iw / kL , (6)
where w - the number of turns, and the coefficient k takes into account
the fact that the magnetic circuit must be closed. In this case from (1) we
find
F  V  E  H   c , (7)
or
F  khLUH  c  , (8)
F  hUIw  kc . (9)
The example calculation in SI system. Assume that the body is made

of a magnetodielectric with magnetic permeability   400 , dielectric
constant   10 , saturation induction B  0.5 . Magnetic intensity at the
maximum induction is H  B   o   0.5 400  4  107   1000 .
6
Suppose further that k  4, c  3 108 , U  30000, h  0.2.
Then, by (8) we find
F  4  0.2  0.5  30000  1000 10  400 3  108   2N .
Yet we find from (6) Iw  kLH  4  0.5  1000  2000A.
Thus, we may expect that the device can be implemented. The

author suggests to experimenters to verify the generation of Khmelnik
force and to supplement its name by their own names.
References
1. Khmelnik S.I. Lorentz Force, Ampere Force and Momentum
Conservation Law. Quantitative Analysis and Corollaries, in this
issue and in http://vixra.org/pdf/1407.0066v1.pdf
2. Gennady Ivchenkov. Magnetic field - static entity not owned by the
carrier field, or paradox unipolar machines, (in Russian),
http://www.sciteclibrary.ru/rus/catalog/pages/11565.html
3. Khmelnik S.I. Faraday Unipolar Motor and the Impulse Preservation
Law, http://vixra.org/pdf/1404.0428v2.pdf (in Russian)
4. Tamm I.E. The foundations of the theory of electricity. The
publishing house of technical and theoretical literature, Moscow.
“NAUKA”, 1989 (in Russian).
5. Graham G.M., Lahoz D.G. Nature, 285, 154, 1980.
6. Ivanov G.P. This is not FLYWHEEL, or the first steps of real
physics, http://www.sciteclibrary.ru/rus/catalog/pages/4225.html,
as well as http://www.tts.lt/~nara/chast1.htm (in Russian)
7. Ivanov G. P. Justification for the existence of ether-supported forces
in classical electrodynamics. "Papers of Independent Authors", publ.
«DNA», ISSN 2225-6717, Israel-Russia, 2010, issue 15, ISBN 978-0-
557-52134-0, printed in USA, Lulu Inc., ID 8976094 (in Russian),
http://lib.izdatelstwo.com/Papers/15.120.pdf

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Solomon I.

In essence, it is - a special case of Faraday motor - see Fig. 2. It has

3. Tamm’s Mental Experiment

In [4] Tamm describes the following mental experiment – see Fig.

4. Experiment of Graham and Lahoz

The authors write: "Our programme of measurement of forces

5. Ivanov’s Mental Experiment

6. The proposed device

Let us discuss in detail the calculation of force (1), using the

The example calculation in SI system. Assume that the body is made

Thus, we may expect that the device can be implemented. The

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