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    Python Fundamentals: Comprehensions, Iterables and Generators

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    This document discusses Python fundamentals related to comprehensions, iterables, and generators. It introduces list, set, and dictionary comprehensions and how they can be used to concisely generate collections from iterables. Generator functions and expressions are covered as a way to lazily produce values. The concepts of iterables, iterators, and how they relate to iteration protocols are summarized. Built-in iteration tools and the itertools module are also mentioned.

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    Python Fundamentals: Comprehensions, Iterables and Generators

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    28 views19 pages
    This document discusses Python fundamentals related to comprehensions, iterables, and generators. It introduces list, set, and dictionary comprehensions and how they can be used to concisely generate collections from iterables. Generator functions and expressions are covered as a way to lazily produce values. The concepts of iterables, iterators, and how they relate to iteration protocols are summarized. Built-in iteration tools and the itertools module are also mentioned.

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    This document discusses Python fundamentals related to comprehensions, iterables, and generators. It introduces list, set, and dictionary comprehensions and how they can be used to concisely generate collections from iterables. Generator functions and expressions are covered as a way to lazily produce values. The concepts of iterables, iterators, and how they relate to iteration protocols are summarized. Built-in iteration tools and the itertools module are also mentioned.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views19 pages

    Python Fundamentals: Comprehensions, Iterables and Generators

    Uploaded by

    VFisa
    This document discusses Python fundamentals related to comprehensions, iterables, and generators. It introduces list, set, and dictionary comprehensions and how they can be used to concisely generate collections from iterables. Generator functions and expressions are covered as a way to lazily produce values. The concepts of iterables, iterators, and how they relate to iteration protocols are summarized. Built-in iteration tools and the itertools module are also mentioned.

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    Python Fundamentals

    Comprehensions, Iterables and Generators

    Robert Smallshire Austin Bingham


    @robsmallshire @austin_bingham
    [email protected] [email protected]
    Presenter

    Monday, 12 August, 13
    Comprehensions

    Types of comprehensions

    • list c om p reh en s io n s

    • s et c om preh en s io n s
    Style!
    ic t ion a ry c o m p rehensions
    • d • declarative
    • functional
    • readable
    • expressive
    • effective

    Monday, 12 August, 13
    [ expr(item) for item in iterable ]

    Monday, 12 August, 13
    { expr(item) for item in iterable }

    Monday, 12 August, 13
    { key_expr:value_expr for item in iterable }

    Monday, 12 August, 13
    Duplicates: later keys overwrite earlier keys

    Monday, 12 August, 13
    Don't cram too much
    complexity into
    comprehensions!

    >>> import os
    >>> import glob
    >>> file_sizes = {os.path.realpath(p): os.stat(p).st_size
    ... for p in glob.glob('*.py')}
    >>> pp(file_sizes)
    {'/Users/pyfund/examples/exceptional.py': 400,
    '/Users/pyfund/examples/keypress.py': 778,
    '/Users/pyfund/examples/scopes.py': 133,
    '/Users/pyfund/examples/words.py': 1185}

    Monday, 12 August, 13
    Filtering works wit
    h:
    • list comprehensions
    • set comprehensions
    • dictionary comprehensions

    optional filtering clause

    [ expr(item) for item in iterable if predicate(item) ]

    Monday, 12 August, 13
    Moment of Zen

    Simple is better
    than complex
    Code is written once
    But read over and over
    Fewer is clearer

    Monday, 12 August, 13
    Iteration protocols

    Monday, 12 August, 13
    Iteration protocols

    Iterable protocol Iterator protocol

    Iterable objects can be Iterator objects can be


    passed to the built-in passed to the built-in
    iter() function to get next() function to
    an iterator. fetch the next item.

    iterator = iter(iterable) item = next(iterator)

    Monday, 12 August, 13
    Stateful generators
     Generators resume
    execution b l e ) :
    ( c o un t , i t e ra
    de f ta k e t e l e m en t s "
    e f i r s t c o un
    "Tak
     Can maintain state in counter = 0 terable:
    local variables for i t e m i n i
    r = = c o u n t:
    if counte
    return
     Complex control flow c o u n te r + = 1
    yield item
     Lazy evaluation

    Monday, 12 August, 13
    Laziness and
    the Infinite

    • Just in Time Computation


    • Infinite (or large) sequences
    • sensor readings
    • mathematical series
    • massive files
    Monday, 12 August, 13
    Generator comprehensions

     Similar syntax to list


    comprehensions

     Create a generator
    object

     Concise

     Lazy evaluation

    Monday, 12 August, 13
    parentheses

    (expr(item) for item in iterable)

    Monday, 12 August, 13
    "Batteries Included"
    Iteration Tools

    d
    de
    lu
    nc
    sI
    rie
    tte
    Monday, 12 August, 13 Ba
    Comprehensions, Generators
    & Iterables Summary
     Comprehensions

     Comprehensions are a concise syntax for describing lists, sets and dictionaries.

     Comprehensions operate on an iterable source object and apply an optional predicate


    filter and a mandatory expression, both of which are usually in terms of the current item.

     Iterables are objects over which we can iterate item by item.

     We retrieve an iterator from an iterable object using the built-in iter() function.

     Iterators produce items one-by-one-from the underlying iterable series each time they
    are passed to the built-in next() function

    Monday, 12 August, 13
    Comprehensions, Generators
    & Iterables Summary
     Generators

     Generator functions allow us to describe series using imperative code.

     Generator functions contain at least one use of the yield keyword.

     Generators are iterators. When advanced with next() the generator starts or resumes
    execution up to and including the next yield.

     Each call to a generator function creates a new generator object.

     Generators can maintain explicit state in local variables between iterations.

     Generators are lazy, and so can model infinite series of data.

     Generator expressions have a similar syntactic form to list comprehensions and allow
    for a more declarative and concise way of creating generator objects.

    Monday, 12 August, 13
    Getting Started – Summary
     Iteration tools
     Built-ins such as
     sum()
     any()
     zip()
     all()
     min()
     max()
     enumerate()
     Standard library itertools module
     chain()
     islice()
     count()
     many more!

    Monday, 12 August, 13

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