What You Need to Know about the

New Energy Standard for Commercial

Buildings: Standard 90.1-2019

U.S. Department of Energy Building Energy Codes Program

Energy Codes Commentator Webinar Series
AIA Provider #: I014 AIA Course #: 90.1-2019JAN20
ICC Provider Course #22737
January 23, 2020
Course Description

ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1, the Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-
Rise Residential Buildings, has been a benchmark and national model code for
commercial buildings for over 40 years and is indispensable for engineers and
other professionals involved in the design of buildings and building their systems.
Now, with many new addenda incorporated since the 2016 edition, Standard
90.1-2019 will significantly change the way buildings are built as these new
modifications find their way into the world's energy codes. This webinar
highlights some of the major changes that you can expect to see in building
envelope, mechanical system and lighting requirements. In addition, the session
will highlight the whole building performance paths, Energy Cost Budget and
Appendix G and new commissioning requirements. This session is for anyone who
wants advanced insight into the new Standard’s expected impacts on the
industry.

2
 • At the end of this course, participants should be able
to understand:
• The main changes to ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2019
from 90.1-2016
Learning • The new Commissioning requirements in 90.1-2019

Objectives • The implications of the lighting requirements

changes
• The changes related to the performance
compliance method

3
Our Speakers Today:

Drake Erbe, SSPC 90.1 Chair Michael Rosenberg, Member, 90.1

ECB Subcommittee

Len Sciarra, Chair, 90.1 Reid Hart, 90.1

Envelope Subcommittee Mechanical Consultant; Chair, 90.1
Cx working group, 2014-2019
Jeff Boldt, Chair, 90.1
Mechanical Subcommittee

Michael Myer, Member, 90.1

Lighting Subcommittee
OVERVIEW
Drake H. Erbe
Chair, SSPC 90.1
OBJECTIVES

• It is the overall goal of each version of Standard 90.1 to create a

consensus standard that saves energy and is technically feasible and
cost effective.
• It is also the goal to continue to improve clarity, understanding and
compliance of the standard
• Continued viability and relevance is also a goal and requires thinking
strategically as well as delivering a standard every 3 years
RESULTS

• More than 100 addenda were processed by the committee and 88 approved by
the ASHRAE and IES Boards of Directors and are included in this edition.
• This version of the standard has had changes that affect all sections for
standardization and are below:
• Submittal documentation requirements have been outlined clearly most notably in Section 5
Envelope
• Compliance paths are clarified especially for additions and alterations in Section 4
Administration and Enforcement
• Throughout the standard unused definitions and references were removed
• There are multiple clarifications and attention to definitions throughout the standard for ease
of use and application
RESULTS (CONT.)

• One additional result for all sections should be highlighted and will be
further explained in the presentation. Commissioning has been greatly
enhanced in Section 4 with further requirements in each section. Also, an
informative appendix has been added with additional guidance and
information on this important inclusion into the standard.
• On viability and strategic direction, two initiatives have already started and
have been out for Public Review
 A very focused effort on widening Title, Purpose and Scope to include “site”
 The inclusion of renewables into the standard
 OVERVIEW OF
ENVELOPE
CHANGES
Leonard Sciarra, AIA

SSPC 90.1 Envelope Subcommittee Chair

23 JAN 2020 ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2019 9

OVERVIEW

• Clean up type changes

• References
• Definitions
• Criteria changes
• Text re-arrangement type changes

23 JAN 2020 ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2019 10

COMPLIANCE

• 4 Compliance options still

remain
• Notice reinforcement of
compliance with 5.7, 5.8, & 5.9

23 JAN 2020 ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2019 11

REFERENCES & DEFINITIONS

• Cool Roof Rating Standard from

• CRRC -1 TO CRRC S100
• Added clarification in the definitions
for ‘operable’ rooftop monitors
• Clarifications to the Definition of
‘door’ to help sort out confusion
with revolving doors, garage doors,
sectional garage doors, non-
swinging doors, and glass doors.

23 JAN 2020 ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2019 12

CRITERIA CHANGES

• Fenestration
• Fenestration is now based on type
not on Material

23 JAN 2020 ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2019 13

CRITERIA CHANGES
Changes for Metal Framing - fixed

SHGC 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

2016 0.22 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.45 0.45 Example of
2019 0.22 0.23 0.25 0.25 0.36 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.40
stringency
improvements –
note this will
Changes for Metal Framing - fixed
depend on the
U-factor 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 frame material
2016 0.50 0.57 0.54 0.45 0.38 0.38 0.36 0.33 0.29

2019 0.50 0.50 0.45 0.42 0.36 0.36 0.34 0.29 0.26

23 JAN 2020 ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2019 14

CRITERIA CHANGES

• Air Curtains
• Now allowed for some
building entrances
• ANSI/AMCA 220
• Jet Velocity of 6.6 ft/s
• Angle to door < 20 deg
• Commissioned
• Automatic controls

23 JAN 2020 ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2019 15

TEXT RE-ARRANGEMENTS
• Air Leakage • Air Leakage
• Whole Building testing to 0.40 cfm/ft2 • Materials – 0.004 cfm/ft2
is the criteria with exceptions: • Assemblies – 0.04 cfm/ft2
• Portions of buildings • Buildings – 0.40 cfm/ft2
• Allowance for up to 0.60 cfm/ft2 • With exception up to
• Compliance by inspection and 0.06 cfm/ft2
verification
• Material and Assembly compliance

• 5.7-submittals
• 5.8-products
• 5.9-verification testing and compliance

23 JAN 2020 ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2019 16

TEXT RE-ARRANGEMENTS

• 5.9 Verification. Testing,

Commissioning, and Inspections
• 5.9.1 – verification Section expanded and
• 5.9.2 – commissioning reformatted to
• 5.9.3 – inspections coordinate with overall
commissioning
requirements

23 JAN 2020 ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2019 17

OVERVIEW OF
MECHANICAL
CHANGES
Jeff G. Boldt, IMEG Corp.

SSPC 90.1 Mechanical Subcommittee Chair

Mechanical - Acknowledgements
• Thanks to the entire 90.1
committee and especially the
Mechanical Subcommittee
which reviewed this on very
short notice.
• Yes, we discuss saving energy at
dinner!
• Some images are courtesy of
AMCA, 2050 Partners, Big Ass
Fans, American Aldes, Trane,
Grundfos, & Multistack
Mechanical – Computer Rooms & Data Centers
• New requirements to allow the option
of using ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 90.4-
2019, Energy Standard for Data Centers,
instead of ASHRAE Standard 90.1 in
computer rooms that have an IT
equipment load larger than 10 kW
• Took years to work out wording
• Definition of computer room
• Essentially big data centers follow 90.4
• 90.4 has more electrical efficiency requirements
• Smaller data rooms in a building follow 90.1
• Computer Room = > 20 W/sf and ≥ 10 kW
of comp load and/or IT equipment
Mechanical – Fan Energy Index (FEI)
• Replaced Fan Efficiency Grade (FEG) efficiency
metric with Fan Energy Index (FEI)
• FEG mainly requires good fan peak efficiency
• Does not concentrate as much on good selections
• FEI mainly requires good fan selections
• Basically kW input must be below a calculated value AT
THE SCHEDULED OPERATING POINT
• So the fan must be fairly good too
• Manufacturers selection software should tell you
“Compliant with FEI” or NOT or just not list non-
compliant products
• Requires some larger fans, esp. return fans
• Exceptions for embedded fans, safety fans, ceiling
fans, fans outside scope of AMCA 208
• No exception for PRVs
• Power threshold lowered from 5 HP to 1 HP

Images courtesy of AMCA

Mechanical - FEI

• FEI is a true wire-to-air method

Images courtesy of AMCA
• Requirement:
• Constant speed – FEI ≥ 1.0
• VAV – FEI ≥ 0.95
Equipment Efficiency Tables
• MANY tables were updated

• Added pump definitions, requirements,

and efficiency tables to the standard
for the first time
• Match DOE PEIs
• Requires PEI ≤ 1.0
• PEI for pumps = similar to FEG =
confusing
Image courtesy of Grundfos
• Also, lower numbers are better in FEI
Mechanical – Ceiling Fans

• New requirements for reporting

fan power for large diameter
(≥84.5”) ceiling fans
• Rated per DOE 10 CFR 430
Appendix U or AMCA 230
• Must report
• Blade tip diameter
• Rated airflow and power at
max speed
• Smaller ceiling fans are covered in
the Energy Star program
Image courtesy of
Big Ass Fans
Mechanical – ERVs for Nontransient Dwelling Units
• New energy recovery requirements for
nontransient dwelling units (apartments &
condos)
• Enthalpy recovery ≥50% at cooling & 60% at
heating design conditions
• Unless one of the modes is not required
• Exceptions based on size and CZs

Images courtesy of
American Aldes
Updates to Exceptions to Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Requirements
• The language “energy recovery in series Examples of Series Energy Recovery
with the coil” was replaced with a
definition of “series energy recovery.”
• Added a performance requirement for
series energy recovery.
• Now limited to climate zones 0-4
Parts of the addendum were not included Wrap-around Heat Pipes
in the first printing of ASHRAE 90.1 (I-P).
This will be corrected through the errata
process.

Plate Heat Exchanger

Mechanical – Occupied Standby
• Occupied-Standby Mode (6.5.3.8)
• Definition: When a zone is scheduled to be occupied, and an occupant sensor
indicates no occupants are within the zone
• Tied to 9.4.1.1 lighting controls
• Became important after Standard 62.1 (IAQ) allowed zero ventilation in unoccupied
zones, even if scheduled occupied
• Allows airflow only when zones are outside of their of temperature limits
Mechanical – ER Chillers for Hospitals
• Energy Recovery Chillers for Hospitals
• Limited to:
• Acute Inpatient
• 24 hr operation
• Chilled water capacity at design conditions
>300 tons
• Has simultaneous heat and cooling above
60F
• Exceptions: Image courtesy of Trane Image courtesy of Multistack
• ≥60% of reheat energy from on-site
renewables or site recovered energy
• Climate Zones 5C, 6B, 7, & 8
• Capacity of ≥7% of design capacity at
design conditions (I.e. not standby chillers)

Images courtesy of
2050 Partners
Updated Many Tables to Match Latest DOE Efficiencies
• New equipment efficiency requirement
tables and changes to efficiency
requirements in existing tables to match
DOE requirements
Miscellaneous
• Removed 10 unused definitions
• Revised test conditions for pool dehumidifiers (AHRI 910) for MRE
• Air barrier and leakage testing
• Not mechanical – but very important to HVAC engineers!
• Two major guesses in HVAC load calcs:
• Infiltration
• Internal Heat Gains (RP-1742 = 0.34-1.53 W/SF)
• Clarified much wording, e.g. humidification & dehumidification
Miscellaneous 2
• Added indoor pool dehumidifier
energy recovery:
• 50% EA sensible recovery, or
• Condenser pool heating, or
• 50% EA enthalpy recovery
• Air Curtains
• NOT MECHANICAL – but affects
MEs
• What should HVAC engineers
figure for lobby infiltration loads?
• Motor selection
• Simplified
• Made more tolerant of motors not
rated in BHP
Miscellaneous 3

• Starting to incorporate Guideline 36 recommendations, especially in reheat

limitations and fan speed vs. SAT reset sequences
Suggestions – Ideas
• We want to hear your ideas to
conserve more energy
economically!
• Please send me or anyone on the
committee your ideas.
• Stop in at a meeting, or attend our
monthly web-meetings. All are
welcome.
• Test out whether you are a future
90.1 committee member!

•Thank You
LIGHTING
UPDATES
Michael Myer, PNNL
Member, Lighting Subcommittee
LIGHTING: SCOPE AND APPLICATION

•Lighting powered by a building’s electrical service – can include

lighting in buildings, mounted to buildings, and on building sites
•Nonresidential buildings greater than three stories, includes
multi-family residential bldgs
•Applies to new construction and major renovation, tenant fit-
outs of existing buildings, additions to buildings, and retrofits of
existing lighting systems
•Prescribes limits for installed power (in watts/sq. ft.)
•Mandates functional requirements for lighting controls
•Requirements vary by application (e.g., office, retail sales area,
warehouse, classroom, patient room, etc.)
35
LIGHTING: COMPLIANCE

Mandatory Provisions
Prescribed Limits Lighting Control Electric Power
for Lighting Power Requirements Requirements

Building area method Local control Voltage drop

Space-by-space Dimming control Automatic receptacle control
Daylighting control Metering. Monitoring, reporting
method
Automatic shut-off control
Parking garage control
Power reduction
Parking lot luminaire control

Simplified method for lighting

36
AGENDA: SUMMARY OF UPDATES

1) Updated Lighting Model for LPD calculations

2) Updated LPD allowances in Sections NEW [9.5.1, 9.6.1]
3) New Simplified lighting method for select buildings up to 25,000 sq. ft. [9.3]
4) Updated Interior and exterior lighting wattage [9.1.4]
5) Updated Parking garage lighting control requirements [9.4.1.2]
6) Updated Special applications lighting and controls [9.4.1.2]
7) Updated Daylighting control requirements [9.4.1.1]
8) Updated Daylighting zones [3.2, 9.4.1.1(e)]
9) Updated Daylighting for sidelighting requirements [9.4.1.1(e)]
10)Updated LPDs for non-typical exterior areas [9.4.2]
37
1. LIGHTING: 90.1-2019 LIGHTING MODEL

• 90.1 lighting methodology used to develop LPAs was evaluated and the
model reconstructed
• Now more representative of real-world conditions
• Updated IES recommendations, room cavity ratios, light loss factors, and
efficacy values
• Additional surface reflectance categories added
• Features a 100% LED baseline

38
2. INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES SPACE BY SPACE
METHOD
Space-by-Space Method –
• Average LPD reduction from 2016: 5% Lighting Power Densities
(w/sq. ft.)
• Space-by-space values are primary 90.1 90.1
Space Type
2016 2019
• Building area method LPDs values flow Office, open plan 0.81 0.61
from the space-by-space Guest room 0.77 0.41
Lobby, hotel 1.06 0.51
Parking area, interior 0.14 0.15
Retail sales Area 1.22 1.05
Classroom/lecture/training 0.92 0.71
Warehouse, med. To bulky
0.35 0.33
items

LOOK HERE

Addendum BB 39
2. INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES BUILDING AREA
METHOD
Building Area Method –
• Average LPD reduction from 2016: 5%
Lighting Power Densities
(w/sq. ft.)
• BAM values flow from the space-by-space Building Type
90.1
2016
90.1
2019
values Office 0.79 0.64
Hotel/Motel 0.75 0.56
Manufacturing Facility 0.90 0.82
Parking Garage 0.15 0.18
Retail 1.06 0.84
School/University 0.81 0.72
Warehouse 0.48 0.45

Addendum CG 40
3. NEW COMPLIANCE METHOD FOR LIGHTING IN SIMPLE
BUILDINGS
• Intended for contractors who design or renovate office, school, and retail buildings up to
25,000 sq. ft.
• Single interior and exterior LPD targets that cover the entire building, LPAs are lower
than other methods
• Requires occupancy sensor lighting control in most spaces with some exemption where
life safety concerns apply
• All power from all lights must be counted towards the Interior Lighting Power Allowance
ILPA No Exemptions

Addendum BG 41
3. NEW COMPLIANCE METHOD FOR LIGHTING IN SIMPLE
BUILDINGS

Addendum BG 42
3. NEW COMPLIANCE METHOD FOR LIGHTING IN SIMPLE
BUILDINGS

Addendum BG 43
4. INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR LIGHTING WATTAGE
• Replaced luminaire with lighting equipment
• Changed the term ballast to be ballast/driver
• Section now clearly split into 5 categories:
1. Line voltage lighting equipment
2. Line voltage lighting equipment with remote ballast/driver
3. Track/plug-in busway
4. Low-voltage track NEW

5. DC low voltage lighting systems with flexible cabling for plug-in connection of
lighting equipment and remote power supply (e.g., PoE lighting)

• Wattage of a DC low voltage lighting system that employs flexible cabling for plug-in connection of the
lighting equipment and a remote power supply shall be the labeled maximum wattage of the system power
supply
• For systems that also provide power to equipment other than lighting, the wattage shall be the labeled
maximum wattage of the system power supply reduced by the wattage of the non-lighting equipment
connected to the system

Addendum AH 44
5. PARKING GARAGE LIGHTING CONTROL REQUIREMENTS

• Increased the stringency of setback in parking garages – Parking Garages

% reduction & time period 90.1 90.1
2016 2019
• Updated control requirements for transition lighting Time 20 10
• Continuous daylight dimming down to 50% required for Reduction 30% 50%

luminaires within 20 ft. of wall openings

NEW

• NEW exemptions for permanent architectural screens or

architectural elements that obstruct more than 50% of the
opening and where the top of and existing adjacent
structures or natural objects is at least twice as high above
the openings as its horizontal distance from the opening.

Addendum CV
45
6. SPECIAL APPLICATIONS LIGHTING AND CONTROLS

• Clarified the lighting control requirements for lighting applications not

specifically covered in Table 9.6.1 and aligned them to the mandatory control
provisions in 9.4.1
Item In Addition to and controlled
Equipment/Application Separately from General Required Controls
# Lighting

1 Lighting that is integral to equipment, medical equipment or YES No control requirements

instrumentation and is installed by its manufacturer.

2 Lighting specifically designed for use only during medical or dental YES 9.4.1.1(a) - Local control
procedures

8 Lighting integral to both open and glass-enclosed refrigerator and freezer YES
cases. 9.4.1.1(h) - Automatic full OFF or
9.4.1.1(i) - Scheduled shutoff
9 Casino gaming areas. NO

10 Lighting in retail display windows, provided the display area is enclosed by YES 9.4.1.1(a) - Local control and
ceiling-height partitions. 9.4.1.1(i) - Scheduled shutoff

Addendum AQ 46
7. DAYLIGHTING CONTROL REQUIREMENTS
NEW
• NEW: Continuous daylight dimming required for all spaces
• Step dimming (control points) eliminated from requirements
• Calibration for automatic daylight responsive controls for continuous dimming: a
sidelighting no longer requires the physical presence of a lighting control strategy
person at the sensor while processing that varies the light
• Low setting for the photocontrol to reduce electric lighting output of a lighting
power in response to available daylight using continuous system over a
dimming set to ‘20% or less or off’ continuous range from
• When an automatic partial OFF control has reduced the full light output to a
lighting power to the unoccupied setpoint, the daylight
responsive control shall adjust the electric light in response minimum light output
to available daylight, but it shall not allow the lighting power in imperceptible steps
to be above the unoccupied setpoint without flickering.

Addendum CW 47
8. DAYLIGHTING ZONES
NEW

• NEW: Added definition for daylight area under daylight area under
skylights in multistory
skylights in multi-story space spaces: the daylight area
under skylights in multi-
• Added two figures for clarity story spaces shall include
floor areas directly
• Added an exemption for primary sidelighted areas beneath the skylight and
adjacent to vertical fenestration that have external portions of the uppermost
projections and no vertical fenestration above the floor adjacent to the
multistory space that
external projection and projection factor >1.0 for meet the criteria for a
north-oriented projections or where the external daylight area under
skylights, where CH is the
projection has a projection factor > 1.5 for all other ceiling height of the
orientations uppermost floor

Addendum CH 48
9. DAYLIGHTING FOR SIDELIGHTING REQUIREMENTS

• Modified the sidelighting requirements to clarify that the setback distance is

a horizontal measurement
• Added natural objects as obstructions in addition to existing adjacent
structures
• Removed an error that inadvertently set an exact measurement for an
obstruction (instead of saying at least twice as high above the windows as its
horizontal distance away from the windows)

Addendum CY 49
9. SELECTING LPDs FOR NON-TYPICAL EXTERIOR AREAS

• Clarified how to select an LPD for an exterior area not already listed in Table
9.4.2-2 by moving the language from 9.4.2 to a new explanatory row at the
end of Table 9.4.2-2
• Interior LPDs from Table 9.6.1 are referenced and an appropriate reduction
is applied to recognize the reduced power and illumination needs in exterior
applications.

Addendum T 50
Overview of
Whole Building
Performance
Changes
Michael Rosenberg, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory

SSPC 90.1 Energy Cost Budget Subcommittee

WHOLE BUILDING PERFORMANCE REFRESHER

• Standard 90.1 Includes Two Whole Building Performance Path Options

• Both compare the energy cost of a proposed building design to a baseline
1. Energy Cost Budget (ECB), Section 11
• Baseline systems and components are same as proposed building,
but at minimum, current prescriptive efficiency (dependent baseline)
2. Performance Rating Method (PRM), Appendix G
• Baseline systems and components based on the architectural
program and location of a building (independent baseline)
• Baseline set at efficiency ~ equal to 2004 standard with proposed
design required to exceed the baseline (stable baseline) $
Proposed $
Design
Baseline
Design
HIGH LEVEL SUMMARY OF CHANGES

• 23 Addenda Impacting ECB and Appendix G Incorporated in 2019

• Section 11
• Changes to align with Appendix G where appropriate
• Add clarifications
• Update baseline for consistency with prescriptive requirements
• Appendix G
• Clean up oversites and inconsistencies
• Tighten definition of baseline
• Support consistent modeling and automation
WHAT’S NEW IN 2019 – APPENDIX G

• Addendum F – HVAC Efficiency for Combined Zones

• Where thermal zones are combined into a single thermal block for model simplification,
baseline equipment efficiency determined by individual zone size

Actual Zoning – One Apartment/Zone Combined Zones

Thermal Blocks for Apartment Building

equipment capacity for efficiency = equip capacity of thermal block/# zones

WHAT’S NEW IN 2019 – APPENDIX G

• Addendum AL – Thermal Zones and Spaces

• Adds a requirement that thermal zones to be combined into a thermal block only if peak
internal loads differ by less than 10 Btu/h-ft2 from average of other zones
• Replaces references to “spaces” with “HVAC zones” when describing requirements for fan
system operation
• Requires that space classification use the lighting Space-By-Space table (Table 9.6.1) instead of
Building Area table (Table 9.5.1) unless space type is not known (ex., prior to tenant buildout)
WHAT’S NEW IN 2019 – APPENDIX G
• Addendum D – Future Building Components
• Not-yet-designed components (such as future tenant buildouts) are modeled to comply with
current prescriptive requirement
• Future commitments not rewarded or penalized
• Addendum E – Service Water Heating
• Specifies that piping losses should not be modeled
• Clarifies that when a proposed design includes a combined space and water heating systems, the
baseline uses two separate systems
WHAT’S NEW IN 2019 – APPENDIX G
• Addendum L – Fan Power for Systems 12 and 13
• Fixes an oversite where baseline fan power was not prescribed for systems 12 and 13
(single zone, constant volume with hot water and electric heat respectively)

• Addendum M – Infiltration Modeling

• Specifies that infiltration in proposed building model is set at 0.6 cfm/ft2 if prescriptive air
barrier requirements met
• Sets baseline infiltration at 1.0 cfm/ft2
WHAT’S NEW IN 2019 – APPENDIX G

• Addendum R – Integrated Economizers

• Clarifies that baseline economizers must be simulated as integrated with mechanical cooling

Typical Integrated Economizer Control

WHAT’S NEW IN 2019 – APPENDIX G
• Addendum Y – Baseline Sizing Runs
1. Clarifies that baseline system oversizing applies only to heating and cooling coil capacities, not
airflow
2. Specifies that baseline central plant capacities are sized based on coincident loads
3. Specified that design day runs must use heating design temperature (99.6% DB) and cooling design
temperature (1% DB &WB)
4. Specifies internal gains used in sizing runs
• Heating – values equal to lowest annual hourly value
• Cooling – values equal to highest annual hourly value (except for residential occupancies which use the
most frequent value)
WHAT’S NEW IN 2019 – APPENDIX G

• Addendum S – Renewable Energy Tradeoffs

• Limits the amount of renewable energy available for tradeoff to 5% of the baseline energy cost
• Only applies when Appendix G is used for minimum compliance

If renewable energy contribution >5% of BBP

PCI + [(PBPnre – PBP)/BBP] – 0.05 < PCIt

where
PBP = proposed building energy cost
BBP = baseline building energy cost
PCI = Performance Cost Index (proposed energy cost/baseline energy cost)
PCIt = Performance Cost Index target (PCI required for minimum compliance)
PBPnre = Proposed energy cost without any credit for renewable energy
WHAT’S NEW IN 2019 – APPENDIX G

• Addendum AG – Receptacle Control Power Credit

• Provides a methodology for receiving credit for installing automatic receptacle controls when not
required
• Addendum AK – Default Baseline SHGC and Visible Transmittance (VT) for
fenestration
• Provides default SHGC and VT values in Table G3.4.1-8 instead of sending modeler to Appendix C

Table G3.4-6 Performance Rating Method Building Envelope Requirements for Climate Zone 6 (A,B)
WHAT’S NEW IN 2019 – APPENDIX G

• Addenda BT & CI – Updates Building Performance Factors (BPFs)

• BPFs used to set performance targets for compliance using Appendix G

• Represents the energy cost of Standard 90.1-2019/energy cost of Standard 90.1-2004

• Needs to be updated with each new edition of 90.1
WHAT’S NEW IN 2019 – APPENDIX G

• Addendum AZ – Refrigeration System Modeling

• Specifies that proposed building refrigeration systems rated in accordance with AHRI 1200 should be
modeled with the rated energy use
• Addendum BA – Unspecified Baseline Values
• Establishes how baseline is determined when allowed to differ from proposed design, but is
unspecified (SWH loads, cooking equipment, laboratory equipment, etc.)
1. According to requirements in Sections 5-10
2. In accordance with other codes or standards applicable to the building (plumbing code, ventilation code,
OHSA, etc.)
WHAT’S NEW IN 2019 – APPENDIX G

• Addenda AR & BU – Minor Table and Language Cleanup

• Adds “Performance Rating Method” to table titles in Appendix G, etc.
• Removes redundant footnotes (Tables 4.2.1.1, G3.1.1-1, G3.4.x)
• Removes leftover baseline references to proposed heating source
• Changes “spaces” to “zones” in several instances
• Changes “process loads” to “internal gains”
• Fixes section headings that included incorrect system numbers
WHAT’S NEW IN 2019 – Appendix G & ECB
• Addendum AT – Recharging and Refueling Vehicles
• Energy for recharging or refueling vehicles used off-site are not counted when calculating
proposed building energy cost
• Addendum BK – On-site Electricity Generation (OSEG)
• Typically generators, CHP, or fuel cells
• If proposed design includes OSEG, baseline includes same generation system, but no
recovered heat.
WHAT’S NEW IN 2019 – APP G & ECB
• Addendum CJ – Various Lighting Changes
• ECB
1. For dwelling units, guestrooms and other spaces with plug-in lighting not shown on plans, baseline
LPD = proposed LPD
2. Sets baseline LPD for dwelling units at 0.6 W/ft2
3. For existing lighting systems and spaces without lighting designs (future buildout), baseline LPD =
proposed LPD
4. Requires that daylighting calculations treat primary sidelit, secondary sidelit, and toplit areas
separately

• Appendix G
1. For dwelling units, guestrooms and other spaces
with plug-in lighting not shown on plans, proposed
LPD = 0.6 W/ft2 or as designed, whichever is
greater. Expect fixtures with higher efficacy can be
demonstrated through calculations
2. Sets baseline LPD for dwelling units at 1.07 W/ft2
WHAT’S NEW IN 2019 – APP G & ECB

• Addendum BI – Testing to ASHRAE Standard 140

• Simulation tools previously been required to test in accordance with Standard 140
• Now must also:
• Post results on a public website alongside results from
reference software.
• Complete Standard 140 reports for results falling outside
reference values
• Applicant provide link with model submittal
• Still no pass/fail criteria provided
WHAT’S NEW IN 2019 – APP G & ECB

• Addendum Z – Baseline Packaged Equipment Efficiency Calculation (COPno fan)

• In ECB the formula cooling capacity (Q) is capped at 63 Tons.
For example: COPnfcooling = 7.84E-8 × EER × Q + 0.338 × EER
• In Appendix G formula is no longer needed – instead, COPno fan for all applicable equipment is listed
in Tables G3.5.1 and G3.5.2.
For example:
WHAT’S NEW IN 2019 – Appendix G & ECB

• Addendum S – Renewable Energy Tradeoffs

• Allows credit for renewable energy generated on site even if the building owner does not own the
system provided that:
• The owner has signed a lease agreement for a minimum of 15 years
• The owner has signed an agreement to purchase the renewable energy for a minimum of 15 years
WHAT’S NEW IN 2019 – ECB
• Addendum CL – Many changes to ECB to Align with Appendix G
• Updates simulation program definition to engine and GUI
• Requires 8760 hour simulation (from 1400)
• Updates documentation and submittal requirements
• Requires weather files include solar radiation, wind speed and direction
• Adds requirements for exceptional calculations
• Adds equipment sizing rules for cases when HVAC zones are combined into thermal blocks
• Allows credit for demand control ventilation
• Sets requirements for baseline system airflow (fan) sizing
• Sets requirements for fan, temperature, and humidity setpoint schedules
• Specifies that piping losses shall not be modeled
• Various other language cleanups for consistency
Commissioning
Comes to
Standard 90.1
Reid Hart, PE
Pacific Northwest National Laboratories

SSPC 90.1 Mechanical Consultant

Chair of 90.1 Cx working group, 2014-2019
COMMISSIONING COMES TO STANDARD 90.1

• Why Commissioning in 90.1

• New construction savings benefits
• Improves specific 90.1 compliance
• Requirement Overview
• Verification and functional performance testing
• Commissioning required items
• Informative Appendix H

ASHRAE 90.1 Commissioning 72

 Why
Commissioning?

ASHRAE 90.1 Commissioning 73

WHY COMMISSIONING (Cx)?

• We assume all the field assemblies and controls work: but do they?
• New building Cx saves 7% to 30% annual energy
and median savings is 13% in new construction
• Cx cost effectiveness study:
Mills, Evan. 2011. Energy Efficiency. “Building
commissioning: a golden opportunity for
reducing energy costs and greenhouse gas
emissions in the United States”

Results by building type

• Includes both new Cx & retro Cx
• Circle diameter proportional to
percent energy cost savings
(e.g.,“Office” = 22%)
ASHRAE 90.1 Commissioning 74
COMMISSIONING IS COST EFFECTIVE

• Cx study by Evan Mills, LBNL;

• New building Cx stats:
• 82 new buildings in 15 states
• Median energy savings: 13%
• Cx Cost: 0.4% of new construction
• Median payback: 4.2 years
• 8.8 million sq. ft.
• 3,528 deficiencies or 43/bldg.

ASHRAE 90.1 Commissioning 75

Cx COMPARED ACROSS STANDARDS/CODES
90.1-2016 90.1-2019 (16-ai) 189.1-2017 (14-aq) 2015 IECC
Thresholds
FPT Cx FPT Cx FPT Cx Cx
>10,000 sf if
>50,000 sf
Building Size any
only for Mech
any not simple any >10,000 sf NA
HVAC
Verify All
Envelope, air barrier (5.9.2)
NR Verify All ** NR NR NR
Cooling load * * ** ** 15 tons *** 40 tons
>50,000 sf If above HVAC If above HVAC
HVAC Controls All (6.7.2.4)
building area
** **
limits
***
limits
Ventilation airflow * * ** ** 10,000 cfm *** 480 MBH
Heating load * * ** ** 300 MBH *** combined Mech &
Hot water load NR NR ** ** 50 MBH *** SHW heating
Lighting system
All (9.4.3) NR ** ** 5kW total *** All (FPT only)
controls
Power receptacles NR NR ** ** NR NR NA
* Commissioning required for mechanical systems based on building size; basic functional testing required for all HVAC controls
** Verification & testing required for all systems. Currently required functional testing included under umbrella of commissioning effort for larger, more complex buildings.

*** Verification & testing required for systems based on size. Required functional testing included under umbrella of commissioning effort for larger, more complex buildings.

ASHRAE 90.1 Commissioning 76

WHY Cx OF EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS?:

Commissioning Agent Survey 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

1) Code compliance verification included in Cx

scope?
2a) Design review for compliance of lighting and
HVAC system included in Cx scope?
2b) Design review for compliance of lighting and
HVAC control plans and SOO included? Yes

Sometimes
2c) Submittal review for compliance included in
Cx scope? No

2d) Functional testing for compliance included in

Cx scope?
2e) Trend analysis after occupancy for
compliance included in Cx scope?
3) Construction documents provide sufficient
information for successful implementation of…
4) Control contractors generally meet all control
sequence requirements specified

Based on survey of 10 commissioning agents. 77

WHY Cx FOR 90.1 - CONCLUSION

• ASHRAE Standard 202 defines process

• Still up to Owner to define scope within process
• Does not tell you what to do for specific areas, e.g. energy efficiency
• Guideline 0 & 1.1 (and others) provide guidance on specific tests for different items.
• Does not tell you what to include in scope, e.g. energy efficiency
• 90.1 has very specific items related to energy efficiency
• Defining a list of “what” to do bridges the gap
• Making our documentation process consistent with standards works better with the industry
• Commissioning, Verification, and Testing now accepted
• Required in base LEED
• Required on federal projects
• Found to be cost effective based on field studies the past two decades

ASHRAE 90.1 Commissioning 78

 90.1-2019 Testing
and Commissioning
Requirements

ASHRAE 90.1 Commissioning 79

90.1-2016 VERIFICATION, TESTING & COMMISSIONING

Verify/FPT HVAC Cx (>50k sf)

FPT Doc.
Doc. or HVAC FPT Doc.

Envelope HVAC FPT

Lighting FPT
Verification

Optional Pressure
Power FPT SHW FT
Envelope FPT Pump FPT

ASHRAE 90.1 Commissioning 80

90.1-2019 VERIFICATION, TESTING & Cx

Cx Doc
Uniform Verify/FPT Documentation
> 10k sf

Warehouse Envelope Lighting HVAC FPT

exempt Verification FPT (more detail)

Simple HVAC Optional

Pressure
exempt to Envelope Power FPT SHW FT
Pump FPT
25k sf FPT

ASHRAE 90.1 Commissioning 81

FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE TESTING (FPT)AND
VERIFICATION IS A BASE REQUIREMENT
FPT/V applies to all buildings in both 2016 & 2019
90.1-2016 FPT/V New 90.1-2019 FPT/V
• Envelope air barrier verification • Cross-discipline consistent requirements
• Two options (5.9.2.2) • Verification & Testing (V&T) providers not involved in
• Air barrier pressurization testing design or construction (4.2.5.1.1)
• Design review & periodic field inspection • Clear & standard documentation (4.2.5.1.2)
• Separate documentation report (4.2.5) • All discipline (#) V&T moved to § #.9.1
• HVAC controls testing (6.7.2.4) • 7.9.1 Service hot-water controls testing
• Controls tested • Temperature controls
• “Commissioning” if > 50,000 sq. ft. • Heat trace or recirculation pump controls
• Pool time switch controls
• Lighting functional testing (9.4.3)
• Specific testing procedures for: • 8.9.1 Power system controls testing
• Occupancy sensors • Receptacle control
• Time switches • End use monitoring systems
• Daylight controls
• Provide “documentation”
• 10.9.1 Other system controls testing
• Water pressure booster systems
• Elevator light and fan standby mode
• Whole building energy monitoring
• 11.2 & G1.2.1:V&T of high performance systems
ASHRAE 90.1 Commissioning 82
START WITH VERIFICATION & FPT FOR ALL BUILDINGS

ASHRAE 90.1 Commissioning 83

ADD A WRAPPER OF CONSISTENT DOCUMENTATION

ASHRAE 90.1 Commissioning 84

INCLUDE VERIFICATION & FPT IN COMMISSIONING

ASHRAE 90.1 Commissioning 85

WHERE DO Cx REQUIREMENTS APPLY IN 90.1-2019
Simple buildings Complex Buildings All Buildings
(<10k conditioned ft2, < 50,000 ft2 ≥ 50,000 ft2
warehouse, or Simple
HVAC path < 25k ft2)
% U.S. Floor area ~27% ~23% ~50%
% U.S. Buildings ~80% ~14% ~6%
Verification, FPT Required Required Required
Pre- & Design phase Cx NR Required Required
Construction Phase Cx NR Required Required

• 80% of US buildings are exempt from commissioning requirements

• Verification and functional performance testing (FPT) required throughout
• Pre & design phase Cx saves energy and cost by catching issues early
• 90.1 Cx requirements only apply to 90.1 standard requirements
• Verification that the design substantially meets 90.1 included
ASHRAE 90.1 Commissioning 86
WHAT IS COMMISSIONING IN 90.1-2019

Adopted in 90.1-2019 (Addendum ai)

• Cx specifically includes verification;
same as required for smaller or less
complex buildings.
• Cx specifically includes verification
that the building meets the 90.1
standard
• Cx plan and reporting required in
accordance with Standard 202.
• Distinct verification and
commissioning discipline sections
#.9.1 & #.9.2
healthybuildings.com
ASHRAE 90.1 Commissioning 87
Cx UPDATES IN 90.1-2019

Develop consistent approach across

technical sections in 90.1
• Section on general functional testing NIST: www.wbdg.org/design-
disciplines/commissioning-
and commissioning authority

• Definitions, requirements and process for

verification, testing & commissioning
• Coordinate the 90.1 commissioning Cx Documentation required in 90.1
requirements and format with • Commissioning Plan
Standards 189.1 and 202
• Cx design review report
• Design review included when Cx is
• Verification & FPT reports
required, based on T24 cost
effectiveness • Preliminary Cx report
• Cx includes review of 90.1 compliance • Final Cx report
ASHRAE 90.1 Commissioning 88
STANDARD 202 VS. 90.1
• The Standard 202 Commissioning Plan specifies a
process and requires commissioned & verified or FPT
items to be identified
• 202 does not specify what items should be included
• It is up to the owner what to include in the plan
• 90.1 calls for these items:
• Specific verification items to be included—that are also
required for non-commissioned buildings
• A design review for compliance with 90.1 (note: this could
be met with COMcheck or the checklist in the 90.1 user’s
manual in most cases)
In conclusion, beyond what 90.1 specifically calls for, it is
up to the Owner what is to be commissioned.

ASHRAE 90.1 Commissioning 89

90.1 DELIVERABLES VS. STANDARD 202 / GUIDELINE 0

ASHRAE 90.1 Commissioning 90

INFORMATIVE
APPENDIX H
• Coordinates 90.1 Cx with standard Cx
• Itemizes things in 90.1 to commission
• Supports requirements of 202 without
normative requirements
• Added Cx information adapted from
189.1 informative appendix
• Gives specific outline for deliverables
• Based on guideline 0
• Customized for 90.1
• Includes Cx authority qualification
recommendations

ASHRAE 90.1 Commissioning 91

Thanks for your interest!

Commissioning Comes
to Standard 90.1

• Reid Hart, PE
• Pacific Northwest National Laboratories

[email protected]
QUESTIONS
THANK YOU!
• Building Energy Codes Program
www.energycodes.gov/training

• BECP help desk

https://www.energycodes.gov/HelpDesk

Building Energy Codes Program 94