ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter/Platinum Workshop: PLATINUM

LEED – ASHRAE Basics

4 Jul 2013 (Thu)

ASHRAE Basics and

LEED Rating System

Dr. Sam C. M. Hui

Department of Mechanical Engineering
The University of Hong Kong
E-mail: [email protected]
1911-2011
香港大學機械工程系 許俊民 博士
Contents

• Background
• ASHRAE 62.1
• ASHRAE 90.1
• Structure and Scope
• Compliance Options
• Energy Cost Budget Method
• ASHRAE 90.1 and LEED
• ASHRAE 189.1
Background

• Dr. Sam C. M. Hui

• PhD, BEng(Hons), CEng, CEM, MASHRAE, MCIBSE,
MHKIE, MIESNA, LifeMAEE, AssocAIA
• ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer (2009-2011)
• CEng = Chartered Engineer
• CEM = Certified Energy Manager
• LifeMAEE = Life Member, Associatn of Energy Engineers
• Worked in 1998 as a visiting researcher in the Asia Pacific
Energy Research Centre, Japan
• Research interests: energy efficiency in buildings and
sustainable building technologies
Background

• ASHRAE = American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
• Global leader in the arts and sciences of heating,
ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration
• www.ashrae.org
• LEED = Leadership in Energy &
Environmental Design
• A green building rating system by U.S. Green
Building Council
• www.leedbuilding.org
 LEED registered projects in international market

(incl. HK, Macau, and Taiwan)

(Source: US Green Building Council)

Background

• Important ASHRAE Standards:

• 55: thermal comfort
• 62.1: indoor air quality
• 90.1: building energy conservation
• 135: BACnet (building automation & control)
• 189.1: high performance green buildings
• Other ASHRAE publications:
• ASHRAE Handbooks (4 nos.)
• Design guides, books, research papers
 LEED referenced ASHRAE Standards/publications
ASHRAE Standard Keywords Related LEED Credits
52.2-2012 Filters, MERV (minimum EQ 3.1
efficiency reporting value) EQ 5
55-2004 Thermal comfort (temperature, air EQ 6.2 (multi-occupant spaces)
speed, humidity) EQ 7.1
EQ 7.2
62.1-2007 Indoor air quality (IAQ) EQ P1
Natural ventilation EQ 2
EQ 6.2
90.1-2007 Building energy systems SS 8
Performance rating EA P2
HVAC, lighting & envelope EA 1 (option 1) & EA 2
Advanced Energy Prescriptive compliance path EA 1 (option 2)
Design Guides

LEED for Existing Buildings (LEED-EB):

• 62.1-2007 (IAQ)
• ASHRAE Procedures for Commercial Building Energy Audits
ASHRAE 62.1

• Std 62.1-2010 is the

most current version
ASHRAE 62.1

• ASHRAE 62.1-2007 is being used in current

LEED version 3.0
• Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality (IAQ)
• Industry standard of care for IAQ systems design
and evaluation
• Prerequisite for the LEED – NC building rating
system (EQp1: minimum IAQ performance)
 ASHRAE Standard 62.1: History
62-2001
•Prescriptive
62-1999 •Commissioning
• IAQ-Health disclaimers •O&M
• Smoking disclaimers •Combustion air
62-1981 • Clarified CO2as ventilation •Filtration
Alternative Air metric
Quality Proc.
62.1-2007
Updated

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

62-1989
62.1-2004
• Removed Thermal
•Commercial and High Rise Res.
Comfort
•Enforceable code language
62-1973 • Ventilation Rate
•ETS vent. rates not covered
first issued Proc.
•Vent. Rate. Proc. Modified
• IAQ Proc.
•Occupant and area vent. rates
ASHRAE 62.1

• Purpose:
• 1.1 Specify minimum ventilation rates and
other measures intended to provide IAQ that is
acceptable to human occupants and that
minimizes adverse health effects
• 1.2 Intended for regulatory application to new
buildings and additions
• 1.3 Guide the improvement of IAQ in existing
buildings
ASHRAE 62.1
• Scope:
• 2.1 All spaces intended for human occupancy
excluding low-rise residential (62.2)
• 2.2 Defines requirements for ventilation, air-
cleaning design, commissioning, installation and
O&M
• 2.3 Additional requirements and other standards
may apply (labs, healthcare, industrial, etc.)
• 2.4 May be applied to both new and existing
buildings, not intended to be used retroactively
ASHRAE 62.1

• Scope: (cont’d)
• 2.5 Does not prescribe specific ventilation rates for
smoking spaces
• 2.6 Ventilation requirements based on chemical,
physical, & biological contaminants
• 2.7 Consideration or control of thermal comfort is
not included
• 2.8 In addition to ventilation, contains
requirements related to certain sources
ASHRAE 62.1

• Scope: (cont’d)
• 2.9 Acceptable IAQ may not be achieved in all
buildings meeting these requirements because of:
• Diversity of sources and contaminants
• Air temperature, humidity, noise, lighting, and
psychological/social factors
• Varied susceptibility in the occupants
• Introduction of outdoor contaminants
ASHRAE 62.1

• Outdoor Air Quality

• Standard requires a survey of the project site to
determine quality of outdoor air
• Local air quality: Conduct observational site survey
to identify local sources of air contaminants
• Limit values for various air contaminants
• Air cleaning is required in some cases in non-
attainment areas
• Options for compliance
ASHRAE 62.1

• Ventilation requirements procedures:

• 6.1 General- Three different procedures are available
to determine the outdoor airflow rates for mechanical
ventilation systems.
• (1) Ventilation Rate Procedure - Prescribes
rates & procedures based on typical space
contaminant sources & source strengths
ASHRAE 62.1

• Ventilation requirements procedures:

•(2) IAQ Procedure - Requires calculation of
rates based on analysis of contaminate
sources, concentration and perceived air
quality targets
•(3) Natural Ventilation Rate Procedure -
Proscribes design criteria for ventilation air to
be provided through openings to the outdoors
ASHRAE 62.1

• Construction and start-up requirements:

• Requires protection of occupied spaces adjacent to
construction zones
• Required air balance of systems
• Testing of condensate drain pans
• Similarly – ASHRAE 90.1 requires
commissioning of M/E Systems in buildings
exceeding 5,000 m2
 Key to Ventilation System Requirements

(Source: ASHRAE User’s Manual for 62.1-2007)

 Example: Exhaust Duct Location

(Source: ASHRAE User’s Manual for 62.1-2007)

ASHRAE Standard 62.1: update

• User’s Manual for 62.1-2010 and Apps for smartphone

• IAQ Design Guideline is published
• Next publication of ASHRAE 62.1-2013
ASHRAE 90.1

• ASHRAE Standard 90.1

• Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise
Residential Buildings
• SSPC 90.1 Standing Standard Project Committee
• Purpose: provide minimum requirements for
the energy-efficient design of buildings except
low-rise residential buildings
• Not a design or advanced building guide
• Separate advanced energy design guides were
developed by ASHRAE and other related bodies
ASHRAE 90.1

• Why ASHRAE Standards 90.1 is important?

• It is the reference standard for US Energy Policy
Act and many building energy codes in USA
• It has been adopted in many countries as a model
for energy efficiency guidelines and codes
• It is the professional “standard of care” set by
ASHRAE consensus, with support from
• IES (Illuminating Engineering Society)
• ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
• Required for LEED certification
ASHRAE 90.1

• US Energy Policy Act requires State codes to

meet or exceed 90.1 (different versions)
• It becomes law when the States adopt it
• Other codes or standards also refer to it, e.g.
• International Energy Conservation Code (IECC)
• NFPA 5000
• Federal codes
• State or local specific codes (e.g. California
Title24)
ASHRAE 90.1

• ASHRAE 90.1 timeline:

• 90-1975: first issued
• 90A-1980: updated
• 90.1-1989: updated
• 90.1-1999: major rewrite
• 90.1-2001: minor revisions
• 90.1-2004: updates, reorganization
• 90.1-2007: updates
See also: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASHRAE_90.1
ASHRAE 90.1

• ASHRAE 90.1-2010 (current version)

• Goal: to achieve 30% energy savings compared to
90.1-2004 (may not be met for all buildings types
in all locations)
• Standard 90.1 is on a 3-year cycle under a
“continuous maintenance process”
• Ongoing changes through “addenda”
• Consensus standard (open ANSI process)
• Jointly sponsored by IES and ANSI
ASHRAE 90.1

• Different versions of ASHRAE 90.1

• 90-1975
• Earliest version (in response to energy crisis)
• 90A-1980 (w/ 90B-1975 and 90C-1977)
• Modified & included lighting procedure from IESNA
• 90.1-1989 and 1993 codified version of 1989
• Significant change in envelope compliance
• Towards a building energy performance standard
• Upgrades in lighting and HVAC requirements
ASHRAE 90.1

• Different versions of ASHRAE 90.1 (cont’d)

• 90.1-1999/2001
• Changes in format and technical content
• Written in mandatory, enforceable language
• Expanded climatic data to international locations
• Both IP and SI units included
• 90.1-2004
• Envelope and mechanical requirements expressed using
new climate zones
• Lighting requirements more stringent by about 25%
• Entire document has been reformatted
ASHRAE 90.1

• Different versions of ASHRAE 90.1 (cont’d)

• 90.1-2007
• Incorporate 42 addenda
• Further reduction in lighting power densities
• Fan power limitation is based on either nameplate
horsepower, or system brake-horsepower
• Fan pressure drop adjustment & VAV fan control
• 90.1-2010
• Incorporate 60+ addenda, elevator was included
• 90.1-2013 (proposed)
• Expand to new areas; holistic building design
ASHRAE 90.1

• Related ASHRAE Standards

• 90.2-2007: for low-rise residential buildings
• 100-2006: energy conservation in existing buildings
• 105-2007: standard methods of measuring, expressing and
comparing building energy performance
• 140-2011: evaluation of building energy analysis computer
programs
• 169-2006: weather data for building design standards
• 55-2010: thermal comfort standard
• 62.1-2010: ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality
• 189.1-2011: high performance green buildings
 ASHRAE 90.1 development process

Substantive
Changes

Committee Public ASHRAE New

Proposes Review Comment Committee Board of ANSI Standards
Standard and Accepted Approval Directors Approval or Addenda
Changes Comment Approval Published

Appeal of
Committee
upheld Approval denied

(Source: US Department of Energy)

 Code compliance and the building process in USA

COMPLIANCE
Local Local
Government Code
Architects Save Energy
Building Building and Money
Builders and
Energy Code Construction Reduce Carbon
Engineers
Emissions
State State
Government Code

Review Plans
Review products, materials
equipment specifications
Review tests, certification
reports, product listings
Inspect building and its
systems during construction
Evaluate materials
substituted in the field
Inspect prior to occupancy

(Source: US Department of Energy)

Structure and Scope

• Structure of Standard 90.1-2010

• Section 1 - Purpose
• Section 2 - Scope
• Section 3 - Definitions, Abbreviations, and
Acronyms
• Section 4 - Administration and Enforcement
• Section 5 - Building Envelope
• Section 6 - Heating, Ventilating, and Air
Conditioning
Structure and Scope

• Structure of Standard 90.1-2010 (cont’d)

• Section 7 - Service Water Heating
• Section 8 - Power
• Section 9 - Lighting
• Section 10 - Other Equipment
• Section 11 - Energy Cost Budget Method
• Section 12 - Normative References
 Structure and Scope

• Standard 90.1-2010 Appendices

• A – Rated R-Value of Insulation and Assembly U-
Factor, C-Factor, and F-Factor Determinations
Building
envelope • B – Building Envelope Climate Criteria

• C – Methodology for Building Envelope Trade-

Off Option
• D – Climatic Data
• E – Informative References
• F – Addenda Description Information
• G – Performance Rating Method
Structure and Scope

• Purpose: provide minimum requirements for

the energy-efficient design of buildings except
low-rise residential buildings
• Not a design or advanced building guide
• Separate advanced energy design guides were
developed by ASHRAE and other related bodies
• Consensus standard (open ANSI process)
• Jointly sponsored by IESNA and ANSI
* IESNA = Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (now IES)
ANSI = American National Standards Institute
Structure and Scope

• Scope
• New buildings and their systems
• New portions of buildings and their systems
(additions)
• New systems and equipment in existing buildings
(alterations), e.g. computer rooms
• Exemptions, such as
• Equipment and portions of building systems that
use energy primarily for industrial or
manufacturing purposes
Structure and Scope

• Main areas
• Building Envelope
• Roofs, walls, floors, slabs, doors, vertical glazing, skylights
• HVAC Equipment and System
• Cooling equipment efficiency, heating equipment efficiency,
supply fans, ventilation control, ducts
• Lighting
• Interiors electric lighting, controls, daylighting
• Services Water Heating (SWH)
• Equipment efficiency, pipe insulation
• Power and others
• Motors, plug loads
 ASHRAE 90.1 compliance approaches

Building System Compliance Options

Prescriptive
Envelope Option

HVAC Mandatory Energy Code

Trade Off
Provisions Option Compliance
(required for most
SWH compliance options)

Power Energy Cost

Budget
Lighting
Simplified
Other

(Source: US Department of Energy)

 Mandatory
Provisions

Prescriptive Energy Cost

Trade-off Option
Option Budget

Com pliance

Envelope compliance options in ASHRAE 90.1

 Building envelope compliance paths

Prescriptive
Building Envelope
Option (§5.5)

general & Building Envelope

mandatory Trade-Off Option
provisions (§5.6, performance)

Energy Cost
Budget Method
(ECB, §11)

proposed 90.1-compliant
building design building

(Source: Trane)
Compliance Options

• Building envelope prescriptive option:

• Window-to-wall ratio (WWR) ≤ 40%, skylight-
roof ratio ≤ 5%
• 8 Criteria sets for different climate types
• Insulation level, fenestration criteria
• Building envelope trade-off option:
• Envelope performance factor (EPF) of proposed
building ≤ EPF of budget building
• ENVSTD and ComCheck software
 HVAC compliance paths

(Source: US Department of Energy)

Compliance Options

• HVAC simplified approach option:

• Limited to small buildings (< 2,500 sq.m)
• HVAC mandatory provisions:
• Minimum equipment efficiency
• Load calculations
• Controls
• HVAC system construction and insulation
• Completion requirements
Compliance Options

• HVAC prescriptive path:

• Economizers
• Simultaneous heating and cooling limitation
• Air system design and control
• Hydronic system design and control
• Heat rejection equipment
• Energy recovery
• Exhaust hoods, radiant heating systems
• Hot gas bypass limitation
 Economizer cycle control (outdoor air enthalpy)

(Source: Honeywell, 1997. Engineering Manual of Automatic Control: for Commercial Buildings)
 Examples of HVAC equipment efficiencies

Equipment type Minimum efficiency

Self-contained, water-cooled 11.0 EER
w/electric resistance heat 10.3 IPLV
(20–100 tons)

Water-source heat pump 12.0 EER (cooling)

(1.5–5.25 tons) 4.2 COP (heating)

Centrifugal chiller, 6.10 COP 0.576 kW/ton

water-cooled ( 300 tons) 6.40 IPLV 0.549 IPLV
(at ARI rating conditions)

§6.4.1.1: “… Where multiple rating conditions or performance

requirements are provided, the equipment shall satisfy all stated
requirements …”
(Source: Trane)
 Mandatory HVAC provisions:
Zone thermostatic controls: perimeter zones

Building plan view: thermal zoning example

Z1

Z5
Core and each Z4 Z2 < 20 m
long exposure
must be zoned
separately Treating these
exposures as a
Z3 single zone is
40 m
okay

(Source: Trane)
 Lighting compliance requirements

Mandatory Interior Exterior

Requirements Lighting Power Lighting
(Interior and + +
Limits Power Limits
Exterior)
Tradable
Interior
Total
Lighting
Connected
< Exemptions
Controls Power
Power
Allowance
Non-
Switching Tradable

Exemptions Whole Building

Efficiency Total Exterior
OR Lighting
Connected
< Power
Space-by-Space Power
Allowance

Additional Allowances

(Source: US Department of Energy)

Compliance Options

• Interior lighting power

• Building area method
• For whole building, grossed area
• Space-by-space method
• For projects w/ well defined space types
• Exterior lighting power
• Lamp efficacy
• Exterior lighting power wattage limits
Compliance Options

• How were the Lighting Power Densities (LPD)

developed?
• Basis: A space type lighting design modeling that applies:
• Current lighting product performance data
• Current lamp/ballast efficacy and light loss factors
• Latest IESNA recommended light levels
• Professional consensus of quality lighted environments
• Combine these elements into building space models to
calculate lighting power densities
• Apply space type LPDs to real building data to generate
whole building LPDs
Compliance Options

• Service Water Heating

• Prescriptive and energy cost budget
• Mandatory provisions (Section 7.4)
• Load calculations
• Equipment efficiency
• Service hot water piping insulation
• System controls
• Pools
• Heat traps
• Prescriptive path (Section 7.5)
• Space heating and water heating
• Service water heating equipment
Compliance Options

• Power and Other Equipment

• Max voltage drop allowed at design load
• Feeder conductors
• Branch circuit conductors
• Motor efficiency levels correspond to Energy
Policy Act’s manufacturing standards
• Mandatory provisions are for General Purpose Design
A and Design B motors only
• Motors in new buildings, additions to existing
buildings, and alterations to existing buildings must
comply
Energy Cost Budget Method

• Energy Cost Budget (ECB) Method

• The ultimate trade-off method to trade-off across
building systems through the use of annual, hourly
simulation tools and a baseline building
• The only real way to deal with unique designs,
renewables, high-efficiency equipment, etc.
• Buildings must still meet all mandatory
requirements
• Basis of performance-based codes
Energy Cost Budget Method

• ECB method’s Pros and Cons

• User sophistication
• Enforcement sophistication
• Better buildings
• Aging of the standard
• Gamesmanship
• Cheating
• Innovation
 Basic concept of Energy Cost Budget (ECB) Method

(Source: Hawaii building energy code)

Energy Cost Budget (ECB) Method in ASHRAE 90.1
 Weather
data

Building Simulation tool Simulation

description (computer program) outputs
- physical data - energy consumption (MWh)
- design parameters - energy demands (kW)
- environmental conditions
Energy Cost Budget Method

• Step 1: Verify compliance with the mandatory

provisions of Standard 90.1
• Step 2: Determine which prescriptive requirements to
implement
• Step 3: Model the proposed design in accordance
with Section 11.3 of Standard 90.1
• Step 4: Model the budget design to determine the
annual energy cost budget
• Step 5: Compare the annual energy costs of the two
models
Energy Cost Budget Method

• Budget design (reference building)

• Based on the proposed design, but changes all
Standard 90.1-governed design details to represent
minimum compliance, e.g.
• Building envelope characteristics
• Lighting power densities
• Economizer type (if required)
• Heat-recovery type (if required)
• HVAC system type
• Fan energy, cooling & heating equipment
Energy Cost Budget Method

• Typical requirements by authorities

• Must document all the info in great detail
• Must use a good and approved simulation program
• Must use appropriate and approved climate data
• Must use appropriate and approved purchased
energy rates
• All details not covered by the 90.1 must be
identical in both models
• ECB method compliance forms
Energy Cost Budget Method

• Building Performance Rating Method

• Appendix G
• Instructions for using the ASHRAE Standard
90.1-2010 Energy Cost Budget Method in
conjunction with the LEED program
• LEED = Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design (developed by US Green Building Council)
• ECB forms the basis of the energy portion of the
LEED rating
ASHRAE 90.1 and LEED

• A technical guide for learning and using

ASHRAE 90.1
• “Standard 90.1-2010 User’s Manual”
• List price at US$99
• Available at www.ashrae.org
Advanced Energy Design Guides
www.ashrae.org/freeaedg
ASHRAE 90.1 and LEED

• LEED Green Building Rating System

• Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design
• By US Green Building Council
• Current LEED systems:
• New construction & major renovation (LEED-NC)
• Existing building operations (LEED-EB)
• Commercial interiors projects (LEED-CI)
• Core and shell projects (LEED-CS)
• Schools, Retail, Healthcare, Homes
• Neighborhood development (LEED-ND) (in pilot)
ASHRAE 90.1 and LEED

• LEED Green Building Rating System

• Evaluates and recognizes performance in accepted
green design categories, including:
• Sustainable sites
• Water efficiency
• Energy and atmosphere
• Materials and resources
• Indoor environmental quality
• Innovation credits
• Website: www.leedbuilding.org
ASHRAE 90.1 and LEED

• LEED Green Building Rating System

• Whole-building approach encourages & guides a
collaborative, integrated design & construction process
• Optimizes environmental and economic factors
• Four levels of certification (for version 2 or before)
• LEED Certified 26 - 32 points
• Silver Level 33 - 38 points
• Gold Level 39 - 51 points
• Platinum Level 52+ points (69 possible)
• LEED Accredited Professional
ASHRAE 90.1 and LEED

• LEED version 3 and new schemes

• Include other criteria
• Locations & linkages
• Awareness & education
• Regional priority
• LEED Professionals
• LEED Green Associate
• LEED AP (different types)
• Bldg design & construction, O&M, Homes, Interior design,
Neighborhood development
ASHRAE 90.1 and LEED

• Credits in LEED 2009 NC:

• Sustainable Sites (SS)
• Water Efficiency (WE)
• Energy and Atmosphere (EA)
• Materials and Resources (MR)
• Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
• Innovation in Design (ID)
• Regional Priority (RP)
(Source: USGBC) For LEED version 3
ASHRAE 90.1 and LEED

• Prerequisite (New Construction)

• SSp1: Construction activity pollution prevention
• WEp1: Water use reduction
• EAp1: Fundamental commissioning of building
energy systems
• EAp2: Minimum energy performance
• EAp3:Fundamental refrigerant management
• MRp1: Storage and collection of recyclables
• IEQp1: Minimum IAQ performance
• IEQp2: Environmental tobacco smoke control
ASHRAE 90.1 and LEED

• LEED 2009 NC award scale:

• Platinum 80 points and above
• Gold 60–79 points
• Silver 50–59 points
• Certified 40–49 points
• Credit weightings
• Based on the potential environmental impacts and
human benefits of each credit with respect to a set
of impact categories
 LEED 2009 New Construction Checklist

(Source: USGBC)
 LEED 2009 New Construction Checklist (cont’d)

(Source: USGBC)
 LEED 2009 New Construction Checklist (cont’d)

(Source: USGBC)
ASHRAE 90.1 and LEED

• EAp2: Minimum energy performance

• Intent: Establish the minimum level of energy
efficiency for the proposed building and systems
• Requirements: Mandatory provisions of 90.1 and
• Prescriptive requirements of 90.1 or
• Performance requirements of 90.1 Section 11 (Energy
Cost Budget Method) or
• The requirements in the local energy code, whichever is
more stringent
ASHRAE 90.1 and LEED

• EAc1: Optimize energy performance

• Intent: Achieve increasing levels of energy
performance above the baseline in the prerequisite
standard to reduce environmental impacts
associated with excessive energy use
• Requirements: Awards points for improving
performance rating of the design building vs.
baseline building as per ASHRAE Standard 90.1
(Appendix G) [1 to 19 points]
 EAc1: Optimize energy performance
(Up to 19 points)
New Buildings Existing Building Renovations Points
12% 8% 1
14% 10% 2
16% 12% 3
18% 14% 4
20% 16% 5
22% 18% 6
24% 20% 7
26% 22% 8
28% 24% 9
30% 26% 10
32% 28% 11
34% 30% 12
36% 32% 13
38% 34% 14
40% 36% 15
42% 38% 16
44% 40% 17
46% 42% 18
48% 44% 19
ASHRAE 189.1

• What is Standard 189.1?

• A standard developed in model code language
• Provides minimum requirements for high-
performance, green buildings
• Applies to all buildings except low-rise residential
buildings (same as ASHRAE Standard 90.1)
• Optional compliance path to the International
Green Construction Code (IgCC)
• Not a design guide, not a rating system
 ASHRAE Standard 189.1 Preview
www.ashrae.org/greenstandard

(Image source: ASHRAE)

ASHRAE Standard 189.1

• It is jointly developed by:

• ASHRAE (American Society of Heating,
• Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers)
• USGBC (U.S. Green Building Council)
• IESNA (Illuminating Engineering Society of
North America)
• It is also approved by American National
Standards Institute (ANSI)
ASHRAE Standard 189.1

• Goals for Standard 189.1

• Establish mandatory criteria in all topic areas
• One “challenge” is existing green building rating
systems contain few mandatory provisions
• Provide simple prescriptive compliance options
• Provide flexible performance compliance options
• Complement green building rating programs
• Standard is not intended to compete with green building
rating programs (e.g. LEED)
 Standard 189.1 building blocks

(Source: Mr. Kent W. Peterson)

 Compliance paths of Standard 189.1

Mandatory + Prescriptive Path

(simple option, very few calculations)

Mandatory + Performance Path

(more options, but more effort)

(Source: Mr. Kent W. Peterson)

ASHRAE Standard 189.1

• Standard 189.1 topic areas:

SS Sustainable Sites
WE Water Use Efficiency
EE Energy Efficiency
IEQ Indoor Environmental Quality

MR
Building s Impact on the Atmosphere, Materials &
Resources
CO Construction and Operations Plans
ASHRAE Standard 189.1

• Sustainable Sites Highlights

SS • Site selection
• Allowable sites (e.g. brownfield)
• Prohibited development activity
• Reduce heat island effect
• Site hardscape
• Wall and roof
• Reduce light pollution
• Outdoor lighting
• Light trepass limits
ASHRAE Standard 189.1

• Water Use Efficiency Highlights

WE • Site water use
• Bio-diverse plantings, hydrozoning, and smart
irrigation controllers
• Building water use
• Plumbing fixtures & fittings, appliances, HVAC
systems & equipment
• Cooling tower maximum cycles of concentration
• Water measurement for building and subsystems
 Building Energy Codes (e.g. ASHRAE 90.1)

(Source: Mr. Kent W. Peterson)

ASHRAE Standard 189.1

• Energy Efficiency Highlights

EE • More stringent than Standard 90.1-2007
• Equipment efficiency compliance
• Includes plug/process loads
• Electric peak load reduction
• Renewable energy provisions
• On-site renewable energy systems
• Energy measurement for verification
ASHRAE Standard 189.1

• Indoor Environmental Quality Highlights

IEQ • Indoor air quality
• Ventilation rates per ASHRAE Standard 62.1
• Outdoor air flow rate monitoring of min. outside air
• MERV 8 filter (MERV 13 in PM2.5 non-attainment
areas)
• No smoking inside building
• Source contaminant control
• Daylighting
• Acoustical control
ASHRAE Standard 189.1

• The Building’s Impact on the Atmosphere

MR Highlights

• Construction waste management

• Reduced impact materials
• Wood products
• Refrigerants
• Storage and collection of recyclables and
discarded goods
ASHRAE Standard 189.1

• Construction and Operation Highlights

CO • Acceptance testing / commissioning
• IAQ construction management plan
• Plans for Operation
• High-performance building operation
• Maintenance
• Service life
• Transportation management
 THANK YOU 謝謝

Questions?