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    Above Normal: (After A Meal)

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    Uzma Adnan
    Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body despite changes in the external environment. It involves negative feedback mechanisms to keep the composition of body fluids like blood within narrow limits. For example, when blood glucose levels rise after a meal, the pancreas secretes more insulin which signals the liver to convert glucose to glycogen for storage, lowering blood glucose back to normal levels. When blood glucose falls after exercise, the pancreas secretes glucagon instead, signaling the liver to convert glycogen back to glucose to raise blood glucose to normal again.

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    Above Normal: (After A Meal)

    Uploaded by

    Uzma Adnan
    94 views2 pages
    Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body despite changes in the external environment. It involves negative feedback mechanisms to keep the composition of body fluids like blood within narrow limits. For example, when blood glucose levels rise after a meal, the pancreas secretes more insulin which signals the liver to convert glucose to glycogen for storage, lowering blood glucose back to normal levels. When blood glucose falls after exercise, the pancreas secretes glucagon instead, signaling the liver to convert glycogen back to glucose to raise blood glucose to normal again.

    Original Description:

    O level notes on Homeostasis

    Original Title

    Homeostasis

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    Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body despite changes in the external environment. It involves negative feedback mechanisms to keep the composition of body fluids like blood within narrow limits. For example, when blood glucose levels rise after a meal, the pancreas secretes more insulin which signals the liver to convert glucose to glycogen for storage, lowering blood glucose back to normal levels. When blood glucose falls after exercise, the pancreas secretes glucagon instead, signaling the liver to convert glycogen back to glucose to raise blood glucose to normal again.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    94 views2 pages

    Above Normal: (After A Meal)

    Uploaded by

    Uzma Adnan
    Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body despite changes in the external environment. It involves negative feedback mechanisms to keep the composition of body fluids like blood within narrow limits. For example, when blood glucose levels rise after a meal, the pancreas secretes more insulin which signals the liver to convert glucose to glycogen for storage, lowering blood glucose back to normal levels. When blood glucose falls after exercise, the pancreas secretes glucagon instead, signaling the liver to convert glycogen back to glucose to raise blood glucose to normal again.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    HOMEOSTASIS

     The maintenance of a constant internal environment


     The process of keeping the composition of body fluids (internal environment)
    within narrow limits
     By ensuring a stable internal environment, homeostasis provides the organism
    with a certain degree of independence from variations in the external
    environment
     External environment: where organisms live
     Internal environment: where cells live, i.e tissue fluid

    NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
    1. Stimulus: Change in the internal environment. Any change from the normal
    condition
    2. Receptor: Organs or structures that detect the stimulus
    3. Corrective mechanism: To rectify the change
    4. Negative feedback: The reverse effect of the stimulus

    REGULATION OF BLOOD GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION:

    Above normal: (after a meal)


    1. STIMULUS: Increase in the blood glucose conc.
    2. RECEPTOR (pancreas) is stimulated
    3. CORRECTIVE MECHANISM:
     Pancreas secretes more insulin into the bloodstream
     Insulin is transported to the liver
     Insulin causes the liver to convert glucose to glycogen
     Glycogen is stored in the liver
    4. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK:
     The glucose in the blood decreases to the normal level before it leaves
    the liver and enters the general blood circulation

    Below normal: (after vigorous exercise)


    CORRECTIVE MECHANISM:
     Pancreas secretes glucagon
     Glucagon is transported to the liver
     Glucagon causes the liver to convert glycogen to glucose
     Glucose enters the bloodstream
    NEGATIVE FEEDBACK:
     Glucose conc. Increases to the normal level
    VASODILATION  Dilation of arterioles present in the dermis
     Brought about by vasomotor nerves
     More blood sent to the skin
     Regulation of temperature
    VASOCONSTRICTIO  Contraction of arterioles
    N  Less blood sent to the skin
     Regulation of temperature
    SWEAT GLANDS  Each sweat gland is a coiled tube formed by a
    down-growth of the epidermis
     Forms a tight knot in the dermis
     Richly surrounded by blood capillaries
     Sweat is secreted from blood
     Sweat travels through a sweat duct and a sweat
    pore to the skin surface
     Sweat contains water, dissolved inorganic salts
    (mainly sodium chloride) and a certain amount of
    metabolic wastes like urea

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