CAT 320C ANB 3064 and 3066 Systems Operation Fuel System

320C & 320C L Excavators ANB00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY 3066 En...
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Product: EXCAVATOR
Model: 320C EXCAVATOR ANB
Configuration: 320C & 320C L Excavators ANB00001-UP (MACHINE)
POWERED BY 3066 Engine
Systems Operation
3064 and 3066 Engines for Caterpillar Built Machines
Media Number -SENR5546-12 Publication Date -01/05/2008 Date Updated -30/05/2008
i01563658
Fuel System
SMCS - 1250
Fuel System Operation
https://127.0.0.1/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/sisweb/sis... 24/03/2013
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Illustration 1 g00819371
Fuel system schematic of 3066 Engine
(1) Secondary fuel filter
(2) Fuel supply for fuel injection nozzle
(3) Fuel injection nozzle
(4) Supply line for the secondary fuel filter
(5) Fuel tank
(6) Valve for the fuel return
(7) Fuel injection pump
(8) Fuel transfer pump
(9) Fuel return line
Fuel transfer pump (8) is driven by the camshaft. Fuel transfer pump (8) pulls fuel from fuel tank (5).
The fuel transfer pump (8) supplies fuel to secondary fuel filter (1). Fuel is supplied to the fuel filter at
a pressure of 176 to 245 kPa (25.5 to 35.5 psi). The filtered fuel is sent to the fuel chamber in the fuel
injection pump housing.
The fuel pump plunger is raised by the rotation of the camshaft. The fuel injection pump (7) delivers
fuel through the supply line (4) to the secondary fuel filter (1). Fuel is then supplied to the fuel
injection nozzle (3). The fuel is then injected into the engine cylinder.
At least two times the quantity of fuel that is needed is delivered to the fuel injection pump (7) by the
fuel transfer pump (8). A valve for the fuel return (9) is installed in order to return the excess fuel to
fuel tank (5). The fuel pressure must exceed a set value in order for the fuel to return to the fuel tank.
Note: The fuel lubricates the inside of the holder for the fuel injection nozzle.
Fuel Injection Pump Operation
View of cross section of fuel injection pump
(1) Spring for delivery valve
(2) Delivery valve
(3) Plunger barrel
(4) Chamber for fuel
(5) Plunger
(6) Control pinion
(7) Control sleeve
(8) Injection control rack
(9) Upper spring seat
(10) Plunger spring
(11) Lower spring seat
(12) Adjusting bolt for tappet
(13) Tappet
(14) Camshaft
The plunger movement is constant. The plunger is raised by tappet (13) and returned by plunger spring
(10) through engine rotation. The chamber for fuel (4) of the housing for the pump is always filled
with fuel. The suction and the discharge port of plunger barrel (3) opens to the chamber for fuel.
Fuel is delivered to plunger barrel (3) when plunger (5) descends. The suction of fuel is complete when
plunger (5) reaches the lowest point. Plunger (5) then ascends. The suction and discharge ports of
plunger barrel (3) is closed by plunger (5). The fuel pressure then increases. When the fuel pressure
reaches approximately 820 kPa (119 psi) the delivery valve is forced upward. Fuel is then delivered to
the fuel injection nozzle through the pipe for the fuel injector.
Cutaway view of fuel injection pump
(2) Delivery valve
(4) Chamber for fuel
(5) Plunger
(6) Control pinion
(7) Control sleeve
(10) Plunger spring
(13) Tappet
(14) Camshaft
(15) Delivery valve holder
(16) Suction and discharge port
Effective stroke of the plunger
(3) Plunger barrel
(5) Plunger
(16) Suction and discharge port
(17) Plunger helix
(A) Start of delivery
(B) End of delivery
Plunger (5) ascends further. The delivery of fuel and the spray of the fuel injector ends when the helix
of the plunger (17) meets the suction and discharge port (16) of the plunger barrel (3). The spring for
the delivery valve closes the delivery valve and fuel is no longer delivered. Plunger (5) ascends further.
The effective stroke is altered and the amount of fuel that is delivered is changed if plunger (5) is
rotated.
Mechanisms for Rotating Plunger
Mechanisms for rotating the Plunger
(A) No delivery
(B) Partial delivery
(C) Maximum delivery
The flange at the lower portion of the plunger is inserted into the groove of the control sleeve. The
teeth on the upper portion of the control sleeve are engaged with the teeth of the injection control rack.
The plunger is then rotated with the injection control rack. The quantity of fuel that is delivered is
dependent on movement of the injection control rack.
Assembly of Delivery Valve
Assembly of Delivery Valve
(2) Delivery valve
(3) Seat
(4) Piston
(5) Retraction stroke
Delivery valve (2) delivers high pressure fuel to the fuel injection nozzle through the fuel injection
line. Delivery valve (2) prevents reverse flow of fuel from the fuel injection line to the plunger barrel.
The prevention of reverse flow occurs after the plunger finishes the delivery of fuel. The fuel pressure
inside the fuel injection line is reduced by the action of absorption of piston (4) when delivery valve
(2) descends. The fuel pressure is reduced in order to prevent leakage of fuel after the fuel injection
nozzle is closed.
Tappet Assembly
Tappet assembly
(1) Adjusting bolt
(2) Locknut
(3) Body of tappet
(4) Guide
(5) Roller
(6) Roller bushing
(7) Roller pin
The tappet assembly is designed to change rotary motion of the camshaft into reciprocating motion.
The plunger is lowered and the plunger is raised by the rotation of the camshaft. The timing of the
injection pump is also regulated by the rotation of the camshaft.
Fuel Transfer Pump
320C & 320C L Excavators ANB00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY 3066 ... Página 10 de 26
Fuel transfer pump
(1) Priming pump
(2) Check valve
(3) Check valve
(4) Piston
(5) Camshaft
(6) Tappet
(A) Suction
(B) Discharge
The movement of the camshaft is transmitted through the tappet and the pushrod to the piston. The
piston spring acts to return the piston of the supply pump. The reciprocating motion of the piston
creates a suction and a discharge cycle.
Supply Pump
Operation of supply pump
(A) Suction
(B) Discharge
(C) Regulating
(X) Position (X)
(Y) Position (Y)
(1) Camshaft
(2) Piston spring
(3) Piston
(4) Check valve
Fuel is drawn in through the check valve for the suction port when camshaft (1) is rotating in the
clockwise direction toward position (X). The fuel is compressed and the check valve for the suction
port is closed when the camshaft rotates away from position (X) toward position (Y). The fuel is also
discharged through the check valve for the discharge port when the camshaft rotates away from
position (X) toward position (Y) .
Piston spring (2) compresses the fuel in the lift pump chamber if the fuel pressure on the discharge side
increases abnormally. The check valve for the suction port closes and the further pickup of fuel is
prevented if the fuel pressure increases abnormally.
Priming Pump
(1) Priming pump
A priming pump may be installed on the fuel transfer pump in order to manually supply fuel to the fuel
injection system from the fuel tank.
Note: Ensure that the screw for the priming pump is secured tightly in order to prevent water and
foreign material from entering the fuel transfer pump after using the priming pump. A filter is installed
at the suction port in order to prevent foreign material from entering the fuel transfer pump.
Governor
RSV governor
(2) Governor spring
(3) Swivel lever
(4) Tension lever
(5) Spring for starting
(6) Control lever
(7) Camshaft
(8) Guide lever
(9) Idler subspring
(10) Torque control spring
(11) Roller for flyweight
(12) Bolt for stopping at full load
(13) Flyweight
(14) Sleeve
(15) Shifter
(16) Floating lever
Flyweight (13) is attached to camshaft (7) of the fuel injection pump on the RSV Governor. The roller
for the flyweight (11) pushes sleeve (14) in an axial direction when flyweight (13) opens outward.
Sleeve (14) is connected to shifter (15) via bearings. Sleeve (14) will move only in an axial direction.
Shifter (15) is connected to guide lever (8). Guide lever (8) is mounted on a pin. The pin is
incorporated with the governor cover. Floating lever (16) is attached to guide lever (8) by a pin at the
lower end of guide lever (8). The pin acts as a fulcrum. Floating lever (16) is connected to the injection
control rack by a link.
The spring for starting (5) is attached to the top of floating lever (16) so that injection control rack (1)
is always pulled toward the direction for increasing fuel. The shaft for the swivel lever is connected to
the governor cover by bushings. One end of governor spring (2) is connected to swivel lever (3). The
other end of governor spring (2) is connected to tension lever (4). The lower end of tension lever (4)
will contact the adjustable bolt for stopping at full load (12) when governor spring (2) is extended. The
swivel lever will contact the guide lever and the swivel lever will move guide lever (8) when the
engine is stopped. Floating lever (16) is attached to guide lever (8). Floating lever (16) will move and
floating lever (16) will place injection control rack (1) in a position for no injection.
The movement of the position of control lever (6) will alter the position of swivel lever (3) and the
tension of governor spring (2). This occurs when the following two items have eccentric motion: the
center of revolution of swivel lever (3) and the point of attachment of tension lever (4) on governor
spring (2)
An adjustment screw is attached to the opposite end of swivel lever (3). The tension of governor spring
(2) and the drop in speed can be adjusted by the adjustment screw.
Torque control spring (10) regulates the quantity of fuel injection within a specific range in order to
ensure the optimum quantity of fuel injection between idling speed and maximum speed.
Constant idling speed is maintained through the installation of idler subspring (9). Idler subspring (9) is
part of the governor cover. Idler subspring (9) contacts tension lever (4) at idle.
Mechanical Stop Lever
Mechanical stop lever
(16) Floating lever
(17) Spring for starting
(18) Mechanical stop lever
(19) Return spring
(20) Lever for supporting
(21) Pin
The governor may be equipped with a device for stopping in order to return injection control rack (1)
to the stop position regardless of the position of the control lever. Pin (21) in the bottom of floating
lever (16) is inserted into the slot of supporting lever (20). Injection control rack (1) is moved to the
position of no injection by floating lever (16) when mechanical stop lever (18) is moved to the stop
position.
Control of Starting the Engine
Control of starting the engine
(1) Start position
(2) Full load position
(3) Idling position
(4) Stop position
(5) Control lever
(6) Start spring
(7) Floating lever
(9) Tension lever
(10) Governor spring
(11) Swivel lever
(12) Flyweights
(13) Shifter and sleeve
Swivel lever (11) is connected to the control lever. Prior to starting the engine, swivel lever (11)
extends governor spring (10) in order to move tension lever (9) when control lever (5) contacts the
stopper for maximum speed. Tension lever (9) moves until tension lever (9) contacts the bolt for
stopping at full load.
Start spring (6) holds floating lever (7) in the position for increasing of fuel as flyweights (12) are not
moving. The roller for the flyweights is held by the shifter and the sleeve (13) as flyweights (12) are
not moving. The distance between tension lever (9) and the shifter is greater than the distance at full
load operation as a result. A larger quantity of fuel injection and easier starting result.
Immediately after starting the engine, the centrifugal force of flyweights (12) exceeds the force of the
start spring. The shifter then contacts tension lever (9) and the quantity of fuel injection is reduced.
Idling Control
Idling control
(3) Idling position
(5) Control lever
(6) Start spring
(7) Floating lever
(9) Tension lever
(12) Flyweights
(15) Idler subspring
(16) Guide lever
Control lever (5) is moved to idling position (3) and governor control begins after starting the engine.
When control lever (5) is in idling position (3) the governor spring is compressed. Governor flyweight
(12) opens under low engine speed. Movement of the shifter and movement of the sleeve are
transmitted to tension lever (9). Tension lever (9) moves to the right in order to contact idler subspring
(15). Floating lever (7) moves to idling position (3). Injection control rack (8) moves to the position of
decreasing fuel. The decreased amount of fuel injection is suitable for idling.
The centrifugal force of the flyweights decreases when the engine rpm decreases. The force of the idler
subspring moves tension lever (9) and the shifter. The guide and floating lever (7) will move to the left.
Injection control rack (8) moves to the direction of increasing fuel in order to return the engine to the
required condition for idling. Start spring (6) moves floating lever (7) and start spring (6) moves
injection control rack (8) in the direction of increasing fuel if the engine rpm drops further. The engine
is prevented from stopping and the engine maintains constant idling.
Control of rpm
Control of rpm
(2) Full load position
(5) Control lever
(7) Floating lever
(9) Tension lever
(12) Flyweights
(16) Guide lever
The control lever maintains constant engine rpm. The governor adjusts engine rpm if engine load
changes. The tension in the governor spring increases if the control lever contacts the bolt for stopping
at full load (14). Tension lever (9) contacts the bolt for stopping. The shifter and sleeve (13) move to
the left.
Injection control rack (8) moves in the direction of increasing fuel through guide lever (16) and
floating lever (7). When the quantity of fuel injection is increased, the rpm and the centrifugal force of
the flyweights increase until the centrifugal force of the flyweight is balanced with the force of the
governor spring. The required rpm will be maintained as a result.
Device for Torque Control
Device of torque control at low rpm
(5) Control lever
(7) Floating lever
(11) Swivel lever
(12) Flyweights
(16) Guide lever
(17) Spring for torque control
(18) Stroke for torque control
Device for torque control at increased rpm
(5) Control lever
(7) Floating lever
(9) Tension lever
(12) Flyweights
(16) Guide lever
The force of the spring for torque control is greater than the centrifugal force of the flyweights at low
rpm. The shifter and sleeve (13) move away from the spring for torque control. The movement is
transferred to guide lever (16) and the movement is transferred to floating lever (7). The movement is
called the stroke for torque control. Injection control rack (8) moves to the direction of increasing fuel.
The centrifugal force of the flyweights increases as the engine rpm increases. The spring for torque
control is compressed when the centrifugal force of the flyweights is greater than the force of the
spring for torque control. The shifter then moves tension lever (9) to the direction of decreasing fuel
injection.
Operation at Maximum rpm Under No Load
Operation at maximum rpm under no load
(3) Idling position
(7) Floating lever
(9) Tension lever
(12) Flyweights
(15) Idler subspring
The centrifugal force of the flyweights increases in order to exceed the force of the governor spring if
the engine rpm exceeds the rated rpm. The shifter moves tension lever (9) to the right when the force
of the governor spring is exceeded. The quantity of fuel injection and rpm are decreased. Tension lever
(9) stops moving when the force of the governor spring and the centrifugal force of the flyweights are
balanced. The engine maintains the correct quantity of fuel injection when the forces are balanced.
The centrifugal force of the flyweights increases when the engine rpm increases. Governor spring (10)
extends. Tension lever (9) moves to the right until tension lever (9) contacts idler subspring (15).
Injection control rack (8) moves to the direction of maximum rpm at no load in order to maintain
engine rpm.
Fuel Injection Nozzle
Fuel injection nozzle
(1) Fuel port
(2) Body for fuel injection nozzle
(3) Shim
(4) Pressure spring
(5) Pushrod
(6) Gasket
(7) Retaining nut
(8) Fuel injection nozzle
Fuel injection nozzle (8) is installed in the body for fuel injection nozzle (2) by retaining nut (7).
Pushrod (5) pushes the needle valve of fuel injection nozzle (8). Gasket (6) holds fuel injection nozzle
(8). Gasket (6) determines the maximum travel of the needle valve. Gasket (6) is assembled so pressure
spring (4) enters the side of the fuel injection nozzle at assembly. Gasket (6) is assembled so pushrod
(5) enters the side of the fuel injection nozzle at assembly. Pressure spring (4) holds pushrod (5).
Pressure spring (4) locates shim (3) in order to control the pressure at starting of the injection.
Pressure spring (4) sets the pressure of injection at starting. The needle valve of the fuel injection
nozzle is pushed upward and fuel is injected into the cylinder when the pressure of the fuel overcomes
the tension of pressure spring (4) of the fuel injection nozzle. The needle valve is pushed down and
fuel injection stops when the fuel pressure is overcome by the set tension of pressure spring (4) of the
fuel injection nozzle.
The remainder of the fuel travels to the holder of the fuel injection nozzle after cooling and lubricating
the sliding part between the fuel injection nozzle tip and the needle valve. The fuel then returns to the
fuel tank.
Orifices of Fuel injection nozzle
(9) Needle valve
(10) Body for fuel injection nozzle
(11) Fuel injection nozzle orifices
The fuel injection nozzle has several orifices. The tip of needle valve (9) is located in the body for fuel
injection nozzle (10). The shape of the tip is a cone. The spray angle is determined by the number of
the orifices and the angle of the orifices. The diameters of fuel injection nozzle orifices (11), the
number of orifices, and the angle of injection depend on the type of combustion chamber of the engine.
Oil Flow for Fuel Injection Pump and Governor
Flow of engine oil
(A) Movement of oil to engine oil pan
(B) Movement of oil from engine oil pan
(1) Oil tube
Lubrication oil travels from the cylinder block to the fuel injection pump housing through oil tube (1).
The oil is then returned to the engine after lubricating the fuel injection pump camshaft and the
governor. The fuel injection pump and the components of the governor are lubricated by oil under
pressure.
Copyright 1993 - 2013 Caterpillar Inc. Sun Mar 24 14:48:15 EST 2013
All Rights Reserved.
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CAT 320C ANB 3064 and 3066 Systems Operation Fuel System

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320C & 320C L Excavators ANB00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY 3066 En...

Fuel System Operation

(1) Secondary fuel filter

(2) Fuel supply for fuel injection nozzle

(3) Fuel injection nozzle

(4) Supply line for the secondary fuel filter

(5) Fuel tank

(6) Valve for the fuel return

(7) Fuel injection pump

(8) Fuel transfer pump

(9) Fuel return line

Fuel Injection Pump Operation

View of cross section of fuel injection pump

(1) Spring for delivery valve

(2) Delivery valve

(3) Plunger barrel

(4) Chamber for fuel

(6) Control pinion

(7) Control sleeve

(8) Injection control rack

(9) Upper spring seat

(10) Plunger spring

(11) Lower spring seat

(12) Adjusting bolt for tappet

(1) Spring for delivery valve

(2) Delivery valve

(4) Chamber for fuel

(6) Control pinion

(7) Control sleeve

(8) Injection control rack

(10) Plunger spring

(15) Delivery valve holder

(16) Suction and discharge port

(3) Plunger barrel

(16) Suction and discharge port

(17) Plunger helix

(A) Start of delivery

(B) End of delivery

Mechanisms for Rotating Plunger

(B) Partial delivery

(C) Maximum delivery

Assembly of Delivery Valve

(1) Spring for delivery valve

(2) Delivery valve

(5) Retraction stroke

(1) Adjusting bolt

(3) Body of tappet

(6) Roller bushing

(7) Roller pin

Fuel Transfer Pump

(1) Priming pump

(2) Check valve

(3) Check valve

(X) Position (X)

(Y) Position (Y)

(2) Piston spring

(4) Check valve

(1) Injection control rack

(2) Governor spring