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    1: Plato (427-347 B.C)

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    Tanzeel Hassan
    Plato was influenced by Socrates' execution and Athens' defeat to develop his ideal state. He proposed three social classes - artisans, soldiers, and philosopher kings - who would each fulfill different human instincts. Children would undergo state education to determine their class. The philosopher kings would rule using logic and philosophy. Aristotle, influenced by scientific inquiry, analyzed existing states and proposed some could evolve for moral development. He classified states based on who ruled and their interests, from monarchy to democracy.

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    1: Plato (427-347 B.C)

    Uploaded by

    Tanzeel Hassan
    39 views2 pages
    Plato was influenced by Socrates' execution and Athens' defeat to develop his ideal state. He proposed three social classes - artisans, soldiers, and philosopher kings - who would each fulfill different human instincts. Children would undergo state education to determine their class. The philosopher kings would rule using logic and philosophy. Aristotle, influenced by scientific inquiry, analyzed existing states and proposed some could evolve for moral development. He classified states based on who ruled and their interests, from monarchy to democracy.

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    Plato

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    Plato was influenced by Socrates' execution and Athens' defeat to develop his ideal state. He proposed three social classes - artisans, soldiers, and philosopher kings - who would each fulfill different human instincts. Children would undergo state education to determine their class. The philosopher kings would rule using logic and philosophy. Aristotle, influenced by scientific inquiry, analyzed existing states and proposed some could evolve for moral development. He classified states based on who ruled and their interests, from monarchy to democracy.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    39 views2 pages

    1: Plato (427-347 B.C)

    Uploaded by

    Tanzeel Hassan
    Plato was influenced by Socrates' execution and Athens' defeat to develop his ideal state. He proposed three social classes - artisans, soldiers, and philosopher kings - who would each fulfill different human instincts. Children would undergo state education to determine their class. The philosopher kings would rule using logic and philosophy. Aristotle, influenced by scientific inquiry, analyzed existing states and proposed some could evolve for moral development. He classified states based on who ruled and their interests, from monarchy to democracy.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    1: Plato (427-347 B.

    C)
    Introduction:

     Born in Athens and remained student of Socrates (until his execution)


     Established his Academy
     Wrote three books in Dialogue form: Republic, Statesman, Laws

    Plato’s theory of Ideal State/Republic/Philosopher King:

    Context:
    Two factors influencing Plato’s theory of Ideal State:
    1. Execution of Socrates at the hands of Athenian government.
    2. Defeat of Athens at the hands of Sparta in Peloponnesian War

    Theory:

    Plato’s Ideal state as explained in Republic begins with his theory of Justice:
     Human Instinct: Lust, Courage and Wisdom
     Social Classes: Three social Classes of Artisans, Soldiers and Rulers
    representation three instincts
     If everyone performs his/her role as per his instinct, then this is justice
    In order to implement Justice, Plato proposes Education Scheme in Three
    Phases:

     First Phase (Birth-18 Years)


    o 0-6 (Infant will be taken care of by state-appointed mother like
    food and story-telling)
    o 7-18 (Music, Literature, Gymnastics) at state-run schools
     Examination (19-20 years): Those who fail become ARTISANS, those
    who pass will move to second phase
     Second Phase (21-35)
    o Gymnastic, Maths, Philosophy and Logic
     Examination (Those who fail become Military, those who pass will move
    to third phase
     Third Phase (36-50)
    o Advanced Philosophy and Logic, Attachment etc
    o Those who complete this phase are Rulers
    Plato proposes his scheme of Communism for his state

     Communism of Property: No private ownership for upper two classes


     Communism of Family: No private Family for Upper two classes

    Conclusion
    Criticism
    2. Aristotle (384-322 B.C)
    Introduction:
     Son of a Physician in Macedonia
     Enrolled in Academy in Athens
     Travelled after the death of Plato
     Returned to Athens and established Lyceum
     The most important work is Polis

    Context:
     As son of a physician, influenced by scientific method of enquiry
     He based his theory on Observation and dealt politics accordingly
     Father of Political Science

    Theory of State and Classification of State


     Aristotle never meant to develop Ideal state, rather developed an analysis
    of existing states and suggested some measures in it.

    Nature of State:
     Organic and therefore evolutionary
     Means for which the end is Moral development of people
     Slavery: Institutionalized and rationalized

    Classification of States:

    Number of Persons General Interests Selfish Interests


    ruling
    One Monarchy Tyranny
    Few Aristocracy Oligarchy
    Many Polity Democracy

    Cycle of Change:

    Criticism and Conclusion

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