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    Aristotle was a Greek philosopher who studied under Plato and established his own school called the Lyceum. He developed his own philosophical system that emphasized empiricism, pragmatism, and rationalism. Some of his most influential works included the Eudemon Ethics, Metaphysics, and Necomacheam Ethics. Aristotle believed that human nature is political and that people are social animals who require association. He analyzed over 500 constitutions and classified governments as either good or bad based on how political power was distributed. Aristotle both agreed and disagreed with Plato on various aspects of philosophy and political theory.

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    Aristotle PowerPointToPdf

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    Aristotle was a Greek philosopher who studied under Plato and established his own school called the Lyceum. He developed his own philosophical system that emphasized empiricism, pragmatism, and rationalism. Some of his most influential works included the Eudemon Ethics, Metaphysics, and Necomacheam Ethics. Aristotle believed that human nature is political and that people are social animals who require association. He analyzed over 500 constitutions and classified governments as either good or bad based on how political power was distributed. Aristotle both agreed and disagreed with Plato on various aspects of philosophy and political theory.

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    Aristotle was a Greek philosopher who studied under Plato and established his own school called the Lyceum. He developed his own philosophical system that emphasized empiricism, pragmatism, and rationalism. Some of his most influential works included the Eudemon Ethics, Metaphysics, and Necomacheam Ethics. Aristotle believed that human nature is political and that people are social animals who require association. He analyzed over 500 constitutions and classified governments as either good or bad based on how political power was distributed. Aristotle both agreed and disagreed with Plato on various aspects of philosophy and political theory.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    17 views15 pages

    Aristotle PowerPointToPdf

    Uploaded by

    Akash Ehmed
    Aristotle was a Greek philosopher who studied under Plato and established his own school called the Lyceum. He developed his own philosophical system that emphasized empiricism, pragmatism, and rationalism. Some of his most influential works included the Eudemon Ethics, Metaphysics, and Necomacheam Ethics. Aristotle believed that human nature is political and that people are social animals who require association. He analyzed over 500 constitutions and classified governments as either good or bad based on how political power was distributed. Aristotle both agreed and disagreed with Plato on various aspects of philosophy and political theory.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 15

    ARISTOTLE

    (384BC-322 BC)
    INTRODUCTION
     Macedonian – at 17 years of age he went to Athens
    under Plato’s Academy.
     Left Athens after Plato’s death 347 BC.
     Between 348 BC to 336 BC – tutor of teenager son of
    Macedonian king.
     Returned Athens in 355 BC and opened the LYCEUM.
     Father of Political science.
     LYCEUM School: Critique of Plato’s Ideal State &
    Philosopher King [who’ll guard the guardian]
    APPROACH OF PHILOSOPHY

     Empiricism
     Pragmatism
     Rationalism

     Key Books:
     Eudemon Ethics
     Metaphysics
     Necomacheam Ethics
     The politics
    HIS POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
    Human Nature
     ZOON POLITIKON
    o Human by nature a social & political animal.
    o Cannot live alone, either a God or a devil.
    o Associated life is required
    o Family, Village, cities, state {Association,
    harmony, fellowships, togetherness,
    community}
    HIS POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

    Critique on Plato
     Ideal state is not feasible.
     Best practible state is solution.
    o Based up constitutionalism – rule of law
    o Lower class will not participate in politics [threat, to be
    exploited by demagogue.]
    o Middle class must only be the part of politics
    o Aristocrats would be the rulers
    Middle class is b/w two extremes – wealthy &
    poor.
    CLASSICIFICATIONS OF GOVT
     He did comparative analysis of more than 500
    states’ constitutions.
     Good forms of Govt.
    Monarchy
    oStrong, centralized rule in constitutional way.
    Aristocracy
    orule by a few – no vested interest
    Polity
    oPolitically organized unit.
    oRuler elected by middle class.
    CLASSICIFICATIONS OF GOVT
     Bad forms of Govt.
    Dictatorship/ Despotism
    oCentralized authority
    Oligarchy
    oRule of Rich with unlimited powers.
    Democracy
    oRule of violent mob.
    oEveryone has power in it.
     Note: The forms of Govt. would be cyclic.
     He influenced history of political thoughts – European: St.
    Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologia 13th century. After 2000
    years – Hobbes, Montesquieu, Burke, Hegel, etc. as well.
    HIS CONCEPT OF JUSTICE
    (Principle of Natural Justice)
     Distributive Justice
     Proportionality basis – opportunities and resources.
     Theory of Justice in Politics –Distribution of political
    powers.
     Corrective/Rectificatory Justice
     Arithmetical equality.
     Laws as standard of right & wrong for all.
     Justice – differs in different forms of state
     In oligarchy: rule of wealth
     In aristocracy: rule of cultured
     In democracy: rule of free birth
    HIS CONCEPT OF SLAVERY

     He Justified slavery
     Human by nature is unequal
     Types of Slavery
     Natural Slave
    o By birth – inferior

     Slave by Law
    o POWs, sold
    FACTORS – INFLUENCED ARISTOTLE

     Association with Plato – 20 years under Plato’s


    Academy.
     The whole is prior to the part.
     Education for cultivation of virtue.
     State for moral perfection of individuals.
     Virtue of state must be identical to that of
    individuals.
     Influence of his physician father
     Scientific method realistic investigation
     Observation, analysis, classification, comparison.
    FACTORS – INFLUENCED ARISTOTLE

     Prevailing Greek condition


     Athens – lawless democracy, selfish
    oligarchy
     Association with Alexander
     Slavery – warranted by Nature (Slave &
    Citizens)
     Greeks – Superior
    CRITICISM ON PLATO
     Criticism on Republic
     Lacks Pragmatism.
     Ideal state
     Edu. Scheme
     Philosopher King
     Communism
     Class Stratification
     Idealism
     Forms & Method (Inductive : Aristotle
    & Deductive : Plato)
    CRITICISM ON PLATO
    1.Concept of state
     Community org.
     For moral perfection
     Manifestation of man’s nature is virtue
     Man without state – a beast or God.
    2.Concept of Family
     State regulated – marriages.
     Family – basic unit.
    3.Population – Harmony – Association
    4.Concept of Education
     Virtue – Happiness, awaking hidden in soul faculties.
     Training of body and soul to complete one’s personality
     State controlled
     Public spirited administration.
    CRITICAL ANALYSIS

     Role of Middle class


     Man social animal
     Comparative method
     Constitutionalism
     Rule of law
    CRITICISM

     Idea of origin of state


     Slavery – justification.
     Forms of Govt.

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