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    Lecture 5 - Auditory - System - Sense - of - Hearing

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    Carlos Rodríguez Bautista
    The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the human ear. It describes the three main parts of the ear - the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear includes the pinna and ear canal. Sound waves enter the middle ear, which contains the eardrum and three ossicles that transmit vibrations to the inner ear. The inner ear includes the cochlea, which contains the organ of Corti with hair cells that transduce sound waves into nerve signals, and the vestibular system which provides balance and orientation.

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    Lecture 5 - Auditory - System - Sense - of - Hearing

    Uploaded by

    Carlos Rodríguez Bautista
    24 views22 pages
    The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the human ear. It describes the three main parts of the ear - the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear includes the pinna and ear canal. Sound waves enter the middle ear, which contains the eardrum and three ossicles that transmit vibrations to the inner ear. The inner ear includes the cochlea, which contains the organ of Corti with hair cells that transduce sound waves into nerve signals, and the vestibular system which provides balance and orientation.

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    Lecture 5 - Auditory_System_Sense_of_Hearing

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    The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the human ear. It describes the three main parts of the ear - the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear includes the pinna and ear canal. Sound waves enter the middle ear, which contains the eardrum and three ossicles that transmit vibrations to the inner ear. The inner ear includes the cochlea, which contains the organ of Corti with hair cells that transduce sound waves into nerve signals, and the vestibular system which provides balance and orientation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    24 views22 pages

    Lecture 5 - Auditory - System - Sense - of - Hearing

    Uploaded by

    Carlos Rodríguez Bautista
    The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the human ear. It describes the three main parts of the ear - the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear includes the pinna and ear canal. Sound waves enter the middle ear, which contains the eardrum and three ossicles that transmit vibrations to the inner ear. The inner ear includes the cochlea, which contains the organ of Corti with hair cells that transduce sound waves into nerve signals, and the vestibular system which provides balance and orientation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 22

    Ear anatomy and physiology

    Auditory System - Sense of Hearing

    BYRON ALFONSO PÉREZ-GUTIÉRREZ

    Virtual Reality Center


    Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
    [email protected]

    September 2019

    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing


    Ear anatomy and physiology

    Outline I

    1 Ear anatomy and physiology


    Outer ear
    Middle ear
    Inner ear

    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing


    Outer ear
    Ear anatomy and physiology Middle ear
    Inner ear

    Hearing is the specific sensory process by which the multicellular


    living being receives and analyzes the sound, which can be defined
    as the sinusoidal waves produced by the vibrations of the bodies.
    Hearing allows the reception of the sounds of the environment,
    gives rise to communication between animals and contributes to the
    survival of the individual.

    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing


    Outer ear
    Ear anatomy and physiology Middle ear
    Inner ear

    According to Merriam-Webster dictionary:


    Hearing (noun)
    1 the process, function, or power of perceiving sound;
    specifically: the special sense by which noises and tones are
    received as stimuli

    Ear (noun)
    1 The characteristic vertebrate organ of hearing and equilibrium
    consisting in the typical mammal of a sound-collecting outer
    ear separated by the tympanic membrane from a
    sound-transmitting middle ear that in turn is separated from a
    sensory inner ear by membranous fenestrae.
    2 any of various organs (as of a fish) capable of detecting
    vibratory motion

    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing


    Outer ear
    Ear anatomy and physiology Middle ear
    Inner ear

    Sound
    Is a mechanical radiant energy transmitted by longitudinal pressure
    waves in a material medium (as air) and is the objective cause of
    hearing.
    Sound is defined by its frequency (severe or acute) and by its
    intensity (weak or strong).

    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing


    Outer ear
    Ear anatomy and physiology Middle ear
    Inner ear

    Head bones

    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing


    Outer ear
    Ear anatomy and physiology Middle ear
    Inner ear

    Ear anatomy

    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing


    Outer ear
    Ear anatomy and physiology Middle ear
    Inner ear

    Outer ear - Auricula (pinna)

    Is the visible part of the ear that


    resides outside of the head. It is a
    structure composed of
    ovoid-shaped lamellar cartilage,
    located in front of the mastoid
    process and immediately behind
    the temporomandibular joint. It
    consists of two large structures,
    the Shell and the External
    Auditory Meatus in its
    cartilaginous portion and the
    external auditory meatus.

    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing


    Outer ear
    Ear anatomy and physiology Middle ear
    Inner ear

    External Auditory Meatus


    The ear canal (external acoustic meatus, external auditory meatus,
    EAM) is a tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear (ear
    drum).

    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing


    Outer ear
    Ear anatomy and physiology Middle ear
    Inner ear

    Middle ear
    Pneumatized cavity inside the temporal bone, responsible for the
    transmission of sound through the tympanic membrane (eardrum)
    and the ossicular chain.

    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing


    Outer ear
    Ear anatomy and physiology Middle ear
    Inner ear

    Eardrum - tympanic membrane

    A membrane forming part of the organ of hearing, which vibrates in


    response to sound waves.

    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing


    Outer ear
    Ear anatomy and physiology Middle ear
    Inner ear

    Ossicles

    Conformed by 3 ossicles (Malleus, Incus and Stapes), is responsible


    for transmitting to the liquid medium of the labyrinth the vibrations
    of sound waves captured by the tympanic membrane.

    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing


    Outer ear
    Ear anatomy and physiology Middle ear
    Inner ear

    Inner ear

    Organ of hearing and


    balance. It is constituted
    by a membranous structure
    that contains membranous
    and fluid bags (perilymph
    and endolymph) that is
    covered by a bony
    structure.

    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing


    Outer ear
    Ear anatomy and physiology Middle ear
    Inner ear

    Cochlea

    It is a spiral-shaped cavity
    in the bony labyrinth, in
    humans making 2.5 turns
    around its axis, the
    modiolus.

    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing


    Outer ear
    Ear anatomy and physiology Middle ear
    Inner ear

    Cochlea

    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing


    Outer ear
    Ear anatomy and physiology Middle ear
    Inner ear

    Organ of Corti

    Forms a ribbon of sensory


    epithelium which runs
    lengthwise down the
    cochlea’s entire scala
    media. Its hair cells
    transform the fluid waves
    into nerve signals. The
    journey of countless nerves
    begins with this first step;
    from here, further
    processing leads to a
    panoply of auditory
    reactions and sensations.

    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing


    Outer ear
    Ear anatomy and physiology Middle ear
    Inner ear

    Organ of Corti

    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing


    Outer ear
    Ear anatomy and physiology Middle ear
    Inner ear

    Hair cells

    Hair cells are the sensory


    receptors of both the
    auditory system and the
    vestibular system in the
    ear. Through
    mechanotransduction, hair
    cells detect movement in
    their environment within
    the organ of Corti.

    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing


    Outer ear
    Ear anatomy and physiology Middle ear
    Inner ear

    Vestibular system

    Is a bilateral structure
    located in the inner ear,
    and constitutes a bone
    labyrinth excavated in the
    temporal bone. This
    labyrinth is formed by the
    semicircular ducts and
    provides the leading
    contribution to the sense
    of balance and spatial
    orientation.

    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing


    Outer ear
    Ear anatomy and physiology Middle ear
    Inner ear

    Semicircular canals

    There are three


    semicircular canals in the
    vestibular apparatus
    (anterior, posterior and
    lateral) are oriented in the
    three directions of space.

    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing


    Outer ear
    Ear anatomy and physiology Middle ear
    Inner ear

    Semicircular canals

    They are lined with cilia


    and filled with a liquid
    substance, known as
    endolymph. Every time the
    head moves, the
    endolymph moves the cilia.
    This works as a type of
    motion sensor, as the
    movements of the cilia are
    communicated to the
    brain.

    As a result, the brain knows how to keep the body balanced,


    regardless of the posture.
    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing
    Outer ear
    Ear anatomy and physiology Middle ear
    Inner ear

    Questions?

    EALIDA
    ER D
    D

    V
    O

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    T UA L
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    Byron Alfonso Pérez-Gutiérrez Auditory System - Sense of Hearing

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