Chemistry UNIT-2 Nanomaterials Two Marks 1) Define Nanomaterials & Its Dimensions. Nanomaterials Are The Materials Having

CHEMISTRY
UNIT-2
NANOMATERIALS
TWO MARKS
1)DEFINE NANOMATERIALS & ITS DIMENSIONS.

NANOMATERIALS ARE THE MATERIALS HAVING
COMPONENTS WITH SIZE LESS THAN 100nm ATLEAST IN
ONE DIMENSIONAL.
a)NANOMATERIALS IN ONE DIMENSION ARE LAYERS
SUCH AS THIN FILMS OR SURFACE COATINGS.
b)NANOMATERIALS IN TWO DIMENSIONS ARE TUBES
SUCH AS NANOTUBES AND NANOWIRES.
c)NANOMATERIALS IN THREE DIMENSIONS ARE
PARTICLES LIKE PRECIPITATES,COLLOIDS AND QUANTUM
DOTS.
2)DEFINE NANOPARTICLES.
THESE ARE PARTICLES WHICH HAVE THE SIZE
RANGING FROM 1-100nm(nano:1×10^-9).GENERALLY,
THEY ARE OBTAINED AS COLLOIDS.SINCE THE
NANOPATICLES EXHIBIT AN ELECTRONIC BEHAVIOR
GOVERNES BY THE QUANTUM PHYSICS, THEY ARE ALSO
CALLED AS QUANTUM DOTS.
3)DEFINE NANOTECHNOLOGY WITH NANOSCIENCE.

* THE TERM ‘NANO’ IS DERIVED FROM THE
GREEK WORD ‘NANOS’ OR ‘DRAWFS' ,KNOWN
AS STUDY OF STRUCTURE OF MATERIALS AT
NANOMETER LEVEL IS CALLED NANOSCIENCE.
*THE DESIGN,PRODUCTION,CHARACTERISATION AND
APPLICATIONS OF STRUCTURES AND DEVICES BY
CONTROLLING SIZE AND AHAPE AT 10^-9m LEVEL IS
KNOWN AS NANOTECHNOLOGY.
4)HOW NANO CRYSTALS ARE FORMED?

* THE COLLOIDAL PARTICLES HAVE A TENDENCY
TO REMAIN SINGLE CRYSTAL AND HENCE ARE CALLED AS
NANOCRYSTAL.
* A LARGE PERCENTAGE OF ATOMS IN
NANOCRYSTALS ARE PRESENT ON THE SURFACE .
* NANOCRYSTALS POSSESS
ELECTRONIC,MAGNETIC AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES.
5) HOW DO YOU SYNTHESIS NANOMATERIALS OR

FABRICATE NANO STRUCTURES?
THERE ARE 2 APPROACHES FOR SYNTHESIS OF
NANOMATERIALS & THE FABRICATION OF NANO
STRUCTURES.
*TOP – DOWN APPROACH.
IT REFERS TO SLICING OR SUCCESSIVE
CUTTING OF A BULK MATERIAL TO GET NANOSIZED
PARTICLES.
*BOTTOM – UP APPROACH.
IT REFERS TO THE BUILD UP OF A MATERIAL
FROM THE BOTTOM: ATOM BY ATOM,MOLECULE BY
MOLECULE OR CLUSTER BY CLUSTER.
6) DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN NANO CLUSTER & NANO

ROD.
S.no NANOCLUSTER NANOROD
1) IT COMPRISES OF THEY CAN BE

INTERMEDIATE SYNTHESIZED FROM
STATE OF MATTER METALS OR
BETWEEN SEMICONDUCTING
MOLECULES AND MATERIALS
BULK MATERIALS.
2) THEIR SIZES RANGE THESE ARE
FROM SUB- NANOSCALE OBJECTS
NANOMETER TO EACH OF THEIR
ABOUT 10 DIMENSIONS RANGE
nanometers IN FROM 1-100nm.
DIAMETER.
3) IT HAS THE THESE ARE ONE
PROPERTY OF DIMENSIONAL
AGGREGATION OF MATERIALS & EXIBITS
ATOMS BY INERT OPTICAL AND
MEDIA. ELECTRICAL
PROPERTIES
4) USED AS A CATALYST IN DISPLAY
IN HETEROGENEOUS TECHNOLOGY AND
CATALYSIS MICRI MECHANICAL
SWITCHES
7)DEFINE NANOWIRE.
A NANOWIRE CAN BE DEFINED AS STRUCTURES
THAT HAVE A THICKNESS OR DIAMETER CONSTRAINED
TO 10^-9 METERS OR LESS AND AN UNCONSTRAINED
LENGTH. THEY ARE ONE DIMENSIONAL.
8)DEFINE NANOTUBES AND CNT.

* NANOTUBES CONSISTING OFBTINY
CYLINDERS OF CARBON AND OTHER MATERIALS LIKE
BORON NITRIDE.THEY ARE ONE OF THE MOST QIDELY
USED MATERIALS.
* CNT- CARBON NANOTUBES ARE
ALLOTROPES OF CARBON WITH A NANOSTRUCTURES
HAVING A LENGTH TOBDIAMETER RATIO GREATET THAN
1,00,000.
9)WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF CNT AND THEIR TYPES?

**TYPES OF CNT.
a) SINGLE-WALLED NANOTUBES (SWNTs)
•CHIRAL STRUCTURE
•ZIG-ZAG STRUCTURE
•ARMCHAIR STRUCTURE.
b) MULTI – WALLED NANOTUBES (MWNTs).
10)WRITE DOWN THE PROPERTIES & APPLICATION

INVOLVED IN NANOMATERIALS.
**PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS:
•MECHANICAL PROPERTIES.
•ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES.
•THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY.
•KINETIC PROPERTIES.
•MORPHOLOGICAL/STRUCTURAL
PROPERTIES.
•OPTICAL PROPERTIES.
** APPLICATIONS OF NANATERIALS:
• USED AS STORAGE DEVICES.
• SENSOR GLASSES.
• SUNSCREENS AND COSMETICS.
• PAINTS.
• AGRICULTURE.
11) EXPLAIN SOL-GEL WITH ANY TWO ADVANTAGES.
SOL-GEL:
SOL-GEL IS A CHEMICAL SILUTION PROCESS USED
TO MAKE CERAMIC AND GLASS MATETIALS IN THE FORM
OF THIN FILMS,FIBERS OR POWDERS.
ADVANTAGES:
o CAN EASILY SHAPE MATETIALS INTO
COMPLEX GEOMETRIES IN GEL STATE.
o CAN HAVE LOW TEMPERATURE
SINTERING CAPABILITY,USUALLY 200°C-
600°C.
12)DEFINE SPRAY PYROLYSIS.

SPRAY PYROLYSIS IS THE AEROSOL PROCESS THAT
ATOMIZES A SOLUTION AND HEATS THE DROPLETS TO
PRODUCE SOLID PARTICLES.
13) EXPLAIN CVD AND ITS TYPES WITH ADVANTAGES.

CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION IS THE
FORMATION OF A NON-VOLATILE SOLID FILM ON A
SUBSTRATE BY THE REACTION OF VAPOR PHASE
CHEMICALS(REACTANTS) THAT CONTAIN THE REQUIRED
CONSTITUTES.
TYPES:
• APCVD(atmospheric pressure CVD)
• LPCVD(low pressure CVD)
• PECVD(plasma enhanced CVD)
ADVANTAGES:
▪ SELECTIVE DEPOSITION OF
FILMS.
▪ ALSO SUITABLE FOR BORE
HOLES, SLOTS etc.
14)WRITE DOWN THE TYPES OF CLUSTER SOURCE WITH

ANY 2 APPLICATIONS.
TYPES OF CLUSTER:
• SUPERSONIC NOZZLE SOURCE.
• GAS-AGGREGATION SOURCE.
APPLICATIONS:
• THEY ARE USED IN FLUORESCENT
LABELS,FLUORESCENT METAL NANOCLUSTERS
e.g., Au AND Ag.
• THEY ARE USED IN ELECTRONIC DEVICES.
15) WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THERMOLYSIS & ITS

TYPES?
THERMOLYSIS:
• IT IS BASED ON THE BOTTOM – UP APPROACH
THAT IS BUILD UP OF MATERIALS FROM THE BOTTOM.
TYPES:
• HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS.
• SOLVOTHERMAL SYNTHESIS.

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CHEMISTRY

1)DEFINE NANOMATERIALS & ITS DIMENSIONS.

3)DEFINE NANOTECHNOLOGY WITH NANOSCIENCE.

4)HOW NANO CRYSTALS ARE FORMED?

5) HOW DO YOU SYNTHESIS NANOMATERIALS OR

6) DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN NANO CLUSTER & NANO

1) IT COMPRISES OF THEY CAN BE

8)DEFINE NANOTUBES AND CNT.

9)WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF CNT AND THEIR TYPES?

10)WRITE DOWN THE PROPERTIES & APPLICATION

12)DEFINE SPRAY PYROLYSIS.

13) EXPLAIN CVD AND ITS TYPES WITH ADVANTAGES.

14)WRITE DOWN THE TYPES OF CLUSTER SOURCE WITH

15) WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THERMOLYSIS & ITS

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