Application of Geosynthetics in Geotechnical Engineering

APPLICATION OF GEO-SYNTHETIC
MATERIALS IN GEOTECHNICAL
ENGINEERING
Faculty: Samirsinh .P.Parmar
1
Department of Civil Engineering
Faculty of Technology,
Dharmasinh Desai University,
Nadiad
Mail Add: [email protected]
RETAINING WALLS
Function Of
Geosynthetic is :
To reinforce, retain,
and protect backfill/soil
for improving stability
2
Schematic diagram of a geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining wall.
COMPONENTS OF GEOSYNTHETIC-
REINFORCED RETAINING WALL
 A geosynthetic-reinforced retaining wall has thus

three basic components:
1. Backfill, which is usually specified to be granular
soil;
2. Reinforcement layers, which are generally
geotextile or geogrid layers;
3. Facing element, which is not necessary but
usually used to maintain appearance and to avoid
soil erosion between the reinforcement layers.
3
COMPONENT OF E.R. WALL
4
Reinforcing Strips
Facing Elements 5
Side views of geosynthetic-reinforced retaining walls:
(a) with wraparound geosynthetic facing; (b) with gabion facing; (c) with full- 6
height precast concrete panel facing; (d) with segmental or MCBs facing.
EMBANKMENTS
7
Embankment over weak foundation soils: (a) embankment on uniform weak
foundation soil; (b) embankment on locally weak foundation soil with lenses of clay
or peat, or with sinkholes (after Bonaparte and Christopher, 1987).
Functions of GT: To keep embankment materials separated from soft foundation soil
Separation from not being changed in behaviour over the service period . To
improve stability of embankment edges, to bridge soft foundation Reinforcement
soils, to make steep-sided slopes
8
Embankment over weak foundation soil: (a) with basal drainage layer;
(b) with vertical drains and basal drainage layer.
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
Functions of GT:
• To improve load-bearing capacity,
to reduce settlement.
• To prevent erosion and scouring
around underwater foundations
using Containment, screening
bags, tubes, and mattresses filled
with soil,
• To form underwater
foundations
Reinforced foundation soils supporting footings of structures.

ROADS
Functions of GT:
To prevent/control water
infiltration Fluid barrier
To prevent/control reflective
cracking
10
11
CONCEPT OF GEOSYNTHETIC SEPARATION IN
PAVED ROADWAYS
12
EFFECT OF CYCLIC LOAD ON GT
13
GEOTEXTILE FOR EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION
Concept of membrane-encapsulated soil layer (MESL) as a base/sub base course in

paved roadways.
14
RAILWAY TRACKS
Functions of GT:
 To prevent ballast contamination Separation

 To dispose of water to side drains Filtration, drainage
 To prevent contamination in railroad refuelling areas, to
prevent Fluid barrier, protection upward groundwater
movement in a railroad cut 15
 To reinforce track systems and distribute loads.
 Principal functions when a properly designed geosynthetic is installed
within the track structure.
 Separation, in new railway tracks, between soil subgrade and new ballast;
 Filtration of soil pore water rising from the soil subgrade beneath the
geosynthetic, due to rising water conditions or the dynamic pumping action of
the wheel loadings, across the plane of the geosynthetic;
 Lateral confinement-type reinforcement in order to contain the overlying ballast
stone;
 Lateral drainage of water entering from above or below the geosynthetic within
16
its plane leading to side drainage ditches.
FILTERS AND DRAINS
(a) A use of geotextile filter; (b) a use of drainage geocomposite. 17

FILTER LAYERS USING GEOTEXTILE.
18
COMPARISON OF GRANULAR AND GEOTEXTILE
FILTERS (MODIFIED FROM PILARCZYK, 2000)
19
(a) (b)
(c)
In filter applications, the design must
be prepared so as to avoid, throughout
the design life, the following three
phenomena causing decrease of the
permeability of the geotextile filter in
course of time:
1. Blocking
2. Blinding
3. Clogging
20
Schematic views of (a) blocking; (b) blinding; (c) clogging mechanisms

SLOPE EROSION PROTECTION
(a) conventional revetment system consisting wholly of granular Materials.

(b) revetment system containing a geotextile filter.
21
Erosion control using geosynthetic mat and geotextile along with vegetation.
 Geogrid
with soil
nailing.
22
STABILIZATION
Role of reinforcement in slopes:

(a) increase factor of safety.
(b) stabilize steepened portion of slope (after Simac, 1992).
23
REINFORCEMENT ORIENTATIONS:
(A) IDEALIZED(B) PRACTICAL ( I AFTER NGOLD, 1982A).
 Functions of GT:
 To protect soil slope against erosion along with slope armour
Filtration
 To protect earthen slopes against erosion while vegetation is
being Vegetative reinforcement, established surface
stabilization
 To prevent erosion and scouring using bags, tubes, and
mattresses Containment, screening filled with soil
24
 To prevent soil slope against movement/sliding
GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS FOR A SURFACE STRIP
FOUNDATION ON GEOGRID-REINFORCED CLAY SLOPE
(AFTER DAS ET AL., 1996).
25
CONTAINMENT FACILITIES: LANDFILL
Types of solid waste landfill geometry: (a) area fill; (b) trench fill; (c) above 26
and below ground fill; (d) valley fill (after Repetto, 1995).
CONTAINMENT FACILITIES: LANDFILL
Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL)
Functions of GT:
To prevent leachate from
infiltrating into soil Fluid
barrier, protection
To drain leachate
27
28
PONDS, RESERVOIRS, AND CANALS
Typical cross-sections: (a) liquid pond/reservoir; (b) canal. 29

EARTH DAMS
 To reduce seepage through the dam. embankment,
to provide Fluid barrier, protection upstream face
infiltration cut-off
 To prevent internal erosion/piping Filtration,
protection
30
 To drain seepage water.
TUNNELS
 To prevent seepage
 To provide drainage of
seepage water
31
QUESTION S??
32

Application of Geosynthetics in Geotechnical Engineering

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APPLICATION OF GEO-SYNTHETIC

 A geosynthetic-reinforced retaining wall has thus

Reinforced foundation soils supporting footings of structures.

Concept of membrane-encapsulated soil layer (MESL) as a base/sub base course in

 To prevent ballast contamination Separation

(a) A use of geotextile filter; (b) a use of drainage geocomposite. 17

Schematic views of (a) blocking; (b) blinding; (c) clogging mechanisms

(a) conventional revetment system consisting wholly of granular Materials.

Role of reinforcement in slopes:

Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL)

Typical cross-sections: (a) liquid pond/reservoir; (b) canal. 29

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