Bounds and Tesch - Design SP

Design, Specifications and
Future Challenges for

Cryogenic Valves
Brandon Bounds
Jim Tesch
Bechtel Oil, Gas, and Chemicals
Valve Manufacturers Association of America 2017 Technical Seminar, Exhibits, and Tour
CRYOGENIC SPECIFICATIONS
Timeline
1984
BS 6364, Specification for Valves for cryogenic service
2006
MSS SP-134, Valves for Cryogenic Service, including Requirements for
Body/Bonnet Extensions
2013
ISO 28921-1, Industrial valves – Isolating valves for low-temperature
applications, Part 1, Design manufacturing and production testing
Applications
BS 6364 MSS SP-134 ISO 28921-1

ASME B16.34,
ISO standards,
Parent Standard British Standards API Specs,
as agreed
as agreed
Minimum Temp., °F -320 -425 -320
1/ - Parent 1/ - Parent
2 2
NPS 3/
8 – 36
Standard Limit Standard Limit
Max. Pressure Class 600 1500 1500
Materials
Valve Body
BS 6364
300 Series Stainless Steel; Aluminum and Copper Alloys
MSS SP-134 and ISO 28921-1
Listed in ASME B16.34 and ASME B31.3 (adds Nickel Alloys)
Valve Trim
Ball – PCTFE seats, Ball same as body
Gate/Globe/Check – API Trim 12 (316 SS Half Hardfaced)
API Trim 16 (316 SS Full Hardfaced)
Triple Offset Butterfly – 316 SS Disc, Solid Seal Ring
Valve Packing – Graphite

Extended Bonnets
• Extends valve packing and operator away from cryogenic fluid

• Allows operation in normal working temperature range
• Cast, forged or fabricated with seamless tube
• Minimum extension lengths for non-Cold box/Cold box applications
based on valve type, NPS, and temperature (design to worst case)
• ASME B16.34 wall thicknesses
• Stem Design (prevent buckling)
• MSS SP-134 provides guidance on calculations for stem design
• ISO 28921-1 requires one stem guide and allows for another
• Minimize clearance between stem OD and extension ID
• Drip plate – prevent condensation from contacting insulation
Cavity Relief
Gate Valve
Hole in wedge or seat venting to high pressure side (Unidirectional)
Cavity Relief
Floating Ball Valve
• Hole in ball/seat retainer venting to high
pressure side (Unidirectional)
• Self relieving through seats (Bi-directional)
Cavity Relief
Trunnion Ball Valve
• (2) Single Piston Effect Seats – Vents to low pressure side (Bi-directional)
• (1) Single / (1) Double Piston Effect Seat – Vents through single piston
effect seat (Unidirectional)
• (2) Double Piston Effect Seats – External pressure relief (Bi-directional)
Marking
Typical valve markings PLUS
• Valve minimum temperature
• Flow arrow
Production Testing
• Previously specified by Purchaser Now minimum sample size required
• Shell and seat testing at room temperature
• System proving test at room temperature
• Cool down with purge gas
• Cycle valve
• Low pressure seat test
• High pressure seat test
• Cycle valve
• External test
• Warm up
FUTURE CHALLENGES
Demand’s Impact on Design
• Higher pressures
• History has shown that LNG facilities have
grown in size resulting in higher pressures
• Larger sizes
• Sizes continue to increase
• Availability of large diameter valves
REAL LIFE EXPERIENCES
Installation Issues
Cavity Relief – P&ID

Installation Issues
Cavity Relief - Operation

Installation Issues
Cavity Relief - Maintenance

Installation Issues
Preferred Flow – P&ID

Installation Issues
Preferred Flow - Operation

Installation Issues
Preferred Flow - Maintenance

Valve Issues
• Fortunately no catastrophic failures such

as valve casting ruptures
• Leaking valves during production testing
(especially modified valves)
• Improper storage
• External debris entering valve body
• Installation – Welded valves
• Dimensional variations
• Operating torque too high
Valve Issues
Seat/Seal Operational Failure
Valve Issues
Stem Operational Failure
Prevention
• Water is not your friend (Avoid, pneumatic test in lieu of

hydrotest, other fluids)
• Avoid modifying standard valves to cryogenic valves
• Review non metallic seats/seals closely
• Be aware of changes to service fluid. Changes upstream
to feed can impact your facility.

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Design, Specifications and

Future Challenges for

BS 6364 MSS SP-134 ISO 28921-1

Valve Packing – Graphite

• Extends valve packing and operator away from cryogenic fluid

Cavity Relief – P&ID

Cavity Relief - Operation

Cavity Relief - Maintenance

Preferred Flow – P&ID

Preferred Flow - Operation

Preferred Flow - Maintenance

• Fortunately no catastrophic failures such

• Water is not your friend (Avoid, pneumatic test in lieu of

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