Name: kiran Rani

Section :C
Assignment: Economic development
Submitted by. Mr. Abdul Basit

Population Growth and

Economic
Development
Kiran rani Economic Development
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Contents
Reason of choosing this topic:...........................................................................................................1
Importance of population growth and economic development.........................................................1
Article No:1.......................................................................................................................................2
Development: Slow down population growth...............................................................................2
Four ways population rise takes its toll..........................................................................................2
Maternal Mortality....................................................................................................................2
Economic stagnation................................................................................................................2
Political unrest:.........................................................................................................................2
Environmental degradation.......................................................................................................3
Article No:2.......................................................................................................................................3
Population growth and its implications.........................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Malthus idea on population growth...............................................................................................3
Population growth opposite factor...............................................................................................4
Article No:03.....................................................................................................................................4
Population Growth in Zimbabwe: A Threat to Economic Development........................................4
INTRODUCTION:..........................................................................................................................4
Population policies of developing countries......................................................................................6
Compare with Bangladesh................................................................................................................7
Conclusion........................................................................................................................................7
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Reason of choosing this topic:

Highly increasing population and its impacts on the economic development is
not something related to books only, it is what we all should be concerned and
working about. I choose this topic after studying it in the course of economic
development in 6th chapter, in which we discussed it in detail. Population is not
a topic of macroeconomics, but it is related to each household. We being a
citizen don’t care about what impact do we individually have on the country,
so if we put a single thought on how we can individually-which is then
converted to collectively-can affect the rate of population for the development
of the country. Therefore, I decided to learn bit more about this topic in my
assignment.

Importance of population growth and

economic development
Population growth is key factor, or you can say it is essential part of our
economy.
When the human population grow the demand toward the resource also
increase like fresh water ,land and basic needs. Every day billion of people
added in this world .everyone needs to enough land water ,shelter food and
energy for good life . it is important for sustainable development. Population
growth is essential element to achieve the sustainability .creates most of
problems due to population growth. Day by day child death rate and birth is
increase. Death rate increase because in villages people are uneducated and
death rate increase because of lack resources that why they cant survive in the
world .some research find out that population growth is issue because low
status women around the world ,uneducated women ,and also denial of rights
of women and girls are important factors that increase high fertility and
population growth.
Economic development is component to drive economics growth in our
economy . Living better standard life ,facilitating basic needs ,improve in
quality of life ,focus on high employment and high wages it is all about the
economic development.
.
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Article No:1

Development: Slow down population growth

 John Bongaarts
24 February 2016
Within a decade, women everywhere should have access to quality
contraceptive services, argues John Bongaarts.

4 billion people to poorest region or in developing countries of globe is a stop

developing that makes it problem created about the future. Rapid population
growth high consumption and waste has many adverse effects on our societies
.Many countries having a better life with low level population growth and birth
rates this all happen in developed countries like south Korea and Taiwan. The
recent history tells about the decades that those countries which have low
level of population, so their per capita income increase as birth rates declined

Four ways population rise takes its toll

Maternal Mortality
In poorest developing countries like west Africa where health care systems
are very weak, and the high fertility rate mean birth rate increase day by day.
Due to weak health care systems each pregnancy is associated with risk of
death and a women’s risk of dying childbirth
Economic stagnation
From many years in poorest countries population is increase often double in
size. And there is no improvement in industries in office ,school ,health clinics
and infrastructure .because of the population growth high unemployment
rates overcrowded school and health facilities misuse of public infrastructure like roads
power system and so on . however, in rapid growing countries about half of the population
is aged under 20. It creates more difficulties to invest in the physical and human capital
needed
Political unrest:
Unemployment increase day by day when economies are unable to provide
jobs .
More skilled people have jobs, but they are suffering from low wages which
turn to poverty and everyone leads to poverty
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Environmental degradation
Climate change , change of biodiversity and change of environment it is all about the
increase population growth and because of consumption increase. Due to this problem
shortage of water, and air water and soil pollution adversely effect on our health and threat
the expansion of food production required to feed more people a better diet.
Unwanted and unplanned pregnancies is occurred due the low level of female education
,lack knowledge and in suffient resource and services. In poor countries still follow the
traditional gender roles the support a desire for large families.

In Iran’s fertility rate reduce from 5.6 births per women in late 1980 to 2.6 decade later. In
Rwanda fertility is reduce from 6.1 in 2005 to 4.6 in 2010 and the portion of married women
avoid the birth rate from 17% to 52%. These both countries Iran and Rwanda give message
to all over the country about the benefits of smaller families and rising the demand for
family planning services

Article No:2
Copywrite of 2017

Population growth and its implications

Badii, M. H., J. Castillo y J. F. López

INTRODUCTION
In every second four or more than four children’s come at the world and on other hand two
or more than two are die. This difference between birth and death its mean net gain is
nearly 3 or 3.5 human per second in the world population. This mean we are growing less
than 10000 per hour and 214000 per day or 75 million people per year. Most people
worried about overpopulation and they said that overpopulation will cause many problems
like resource depletion and environment degradation and so on that why these problems
lead to immediate ,worldwide birth control program to reduce fertility rate and to shrink
the total number of humans

Malthus idea on population growth

Malthus give argue that population growth increase day by day at an exponential rate or at
compound rate due to this food production is increase very slowly or remain stable for
example if every member of family tree reproduces the tree will continue to growth with
each generation and on other side food production increase . According to Malthus ideas
that population growth may be stabilize through positive cheeks or preventive cheeks -it is
way or actions people take avoid contributing to the population. Because of religious beliefs
supported like moral restraint (postponing marriage )or immoral ways (birth control).
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Population growth opposite factor

Number of social and economic factor influence to people to increase the family size.
Increase the family size is more enjoyable and rewarding part of their life. Most people feel
pride to increase the size of family. And they believe that more children can be source of
pleasure .they may be the only source of support for elderly parents in countries without
social security system .
In more developed countries they try reducing the fertility rate. High education and
personal freedom to women it may be cause for reduce population. When women earn the
salary and whole time they not stay at home . and money that are they earn outside from
home it is important part of the family budget. So that education and socioeconomic are
inversely related to fertility rate in richer country.

Article No:03
Population Growth in Zimbabwe: A Threat to Economic Development?

Thabani Nyoni & Wellington G. Bonga

Date : 06 June 2017

INTRODUCTION:
Population growth is one of the fundamental factors which directly measure the supply of
human resource which are unanswerable for the production. Population growth more
impact on economic development. Most of the developed countries high population growth
like USA(324million till 2016)and china (1.378 till 2016) it show that its much impact of
population growth in Zimbabwe .it show the positive impact of population growth in
economic development that why government advised to promote the population growth in
Zimbabwe it positive impact on economic development.
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Figure show that in 1985 the population growth trend is increase however from 1985
population growth trend was fallen and this trend is till 2003 and then it was increased
These projections, according to ZimStats (2016) are premised on rising life expectancy rates
due to reduced HIV/AIDS-related deaths, improved public health systems, expanding
educational levels, rising incomes and urbanization.

This graph indicate that china had high population growth in 2016 that is 1.378 and India
with 1.329 same here united states ranked number is 3rd and Nigeria ranked number is 7th
and it come at the top 10 populous countries. Other hand in future 2050 the population
growth of china increases from 1.378 to 1.708 and their increasing trend continue. In
Bangladesh population growth is increase from 163 to 214.
Zimbabwe, whose population is estimated to be approximately 16 million, is far away from
being one of the world’s most populous countries. After all, Zimbabwe has abundant natural
resources, most of which are either under-utilized or not being utilized at all. Therefore, an
increase in population growth is likely to trigger economic development.
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Pakistan is one of the developing countries and due to the population growth it is facing the
lot of problems. The continuous increase in population growth is because of high birthrate
and the fertility rate. high fertility rate creates more problems for the mothers and
children’s health ,and also it increases the health risk of pregnancy and child mortality rate.
Population growth negative impacts on poor peoples they suffer from inequality and
poverty . Inequality arises under such pressures putting a country to hold back from the
road of development.

Population policies of developing countries

Pakistan is a divided country with different religious groups. From independence the Muslim
population has increase more rapidly than the Hindu population. Pakistan is also one of the
developing countries.
1) We can try to persuade people to have smaller families through the media and the
education system of formal sector and informal sector.
2) We can enhance the family -planning programs to provide the health and
contraceptive services to encourage the desire behavior.
3) Third one is deliberately manipulating economic incentives and disincentive for
having children’s example we can impose of financial penalties for having children
beyond a certain number.
4) Government can attempt to coerce people into having smaller families through the
power of state legislation and penalties.
5) Reducing the size of family is very important is the Pakistan context . for example
one developing country person who is very poor and they have 4 to 5 children’s but
same here in other developing country person who have 4to 5 children’s if we think
about one person who invest money on their education and health and that is
suffient for their children because they have low resources that he could not give
better education to their children’s equally that why if they have 2 children then
their resource is fully utilize.
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6) In developing countries fertility rate increase day by day because of lack of

awareness in women’s that why create more disease in women’s like HIV and AIDS
that why we try to create give the education to women’s through their fertility rate
is fall.
7) In developing countries one of big problem is that childhood marriages so we create
one system or policy and band on the childhood marriages, and we should make 18
as a standard age for the marriage.

Compare with Bangladesh

As Bangladesh is providing job opportunities to unmarried women and give training

them and aware them about health population and productivity in rural area as after
marriage they were teach their children and provide better nutrient as this policy
working best in Bangladesh so Pakistan should apply this type of policy and aware
rural area women about over increase population and aware them about the
education.

Finally, no policy measures will be successful in controlling fertility unless efforts are
made to rise the social and economic status of women and hence create conditions
favorable to delayed marriage and lower martial fertility. For lower fertility rates is
the increased education of women, and creation of jobs for them outside the home.

Conclusion

Population is growing exponentially but resources are growing arithmetically.

It is not necessary ever-increasing population reduces development. As china is
highly populated country but it moves towards development due to stable
government policies. Population can cause poverty and unemployment if people are
unaware and they have lack of education. Only education is a key factor which help
developing countries to solve all problems. We can take benefit from our increasing
population by giving them education and send them foreign countries for work.as
china’s engineer are working in Pakistan for making roads .our engineers can make
our own infrastructure and also other countries.as in India government make a
project on rural areas to give them job opportunities by working them in their own
area. Government give them incentive to work hence employment increases.so in
Pakistan government must take some actions against it.
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