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    Viderunt Omnes: Text Latin English Notre Dame School Variations

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    Fulgencio García
    Viderunt_Omnes

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    Viderunt Omnes: Text Latin English Notre Dame School Variations

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    Fulgencio García
    363 views3 pages
    Viderunt_Omnes

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    Viderunt_Omnes

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    Viderunt_Omnes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    363 views3 pages

    Viderunt Omnes: Text Latin English Notre Dame School Variations

    Uploaded by

    Fulgencio García
    Viderunt_Omnes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Viderunt Omnes

    "Viderunt Omnes" is a Gregorian chant based on Psalm XCVII


    "Viderunt Omnes"
    (98), sung as the gradual[1] at the Masses of Christmas Day and
    historically on its octave, the Feast of the Circumcision. Two of the Gregorian chant
    many settings of the text are famous as being among the earliest Language Latin
    pieces of polyphony by known composers, Léonin and Pérotin of the
    Length 2:20 (approx.)
    Notre Dame school. Their music, known as organum, adds florid
    counterpoint to the Gregorian melody of the intonation and verse, Composer(s) Traditional
    portions normally sung by the cantors, the remainder of the chant Lyricist(s) Psalm 98;
    being sung unchanged by the choir.
    notable variations
    composed by
    Léonin, Pérotin and
    Contents Adam de la Halle.

    Text
    Latin
    English
    Notre Dame school variations
    Leonin
    Pérotin
    Evolution with the motet
    Recordings
    References
    Sources and further reading
    External links

    Text
    The text, from Ps. 98:3cd, 4, 2, describes God's oversight of the Earth, an especially symbolic message
    given the musical unity that the composition came to represent.

    Latin English
    Viderunt omnes fines terræ All the ends of the earth have seen
    salutare Dei nostri. the salvation of our God.
    Jubilate Deo, omnis terra. Rejoice in the Lord, all lands.

    Notum fecit Dominus salutare suum; The Lord has made known his salvation;
    ante conspectum gentium in the sight of the nations
    revelavit justitiam suam. he has revealed his righteousness.
    Notre Dame school variations

    Leonin

    Léonin's two-part version of Viderunt Omnes was written about 1160 (the composer's dates are fl.
    1150s — d. ? 1201). In his variation, the bottom voice sings the familiar chant as a drone while the
    top voice echoes in rich polyphony—a symbol of religious unity; a form of communal
    togetherness. As a theorist, Léonin developed complex sets of rhythmic modes and patterns that
    could only be written with a certain styling of ligatures. Due in large part to the development of
    mensural notation, his vision became common practice, allowing for discant and clausula.

    Pérotin

    Pérotin's four-part version of Viderunt, one of the few existing examples of organum quadruplum,
    may have been written for the Feast of the Circumcision in 1198. We know that at this time Eudes
    de Sully, Bishop of Paris, was promoting the use of polyphony.

    The melismas in particular are especially diminuted, rendering the text virtually incomprehensible.
    While only solo sections are polyphonic, the organum remains clear when juxtaposed with the
    traditional, monophonic choir chant.

    Evolution with the motet


    By the thirteenth century, syllabic introductions birthed the motet, placing an organum plainchant
    in the bottom voice and introducing new text in the upper registers of the vocal range. The texture,
    such as that of Adam de la Halle's 'De Ma Dame Vient', quotes the Latin 'Viderunt Omnes' while
    the upper voices sing a similar French passage. The divergent quality of two simultaneous texts
    adapts the pieces to a more elaborate syllabic setting. To accommodate the rhythmic freedom,
    Halle's use of Franconian notation allowed the textural shapes to characterize the length of a
    pitch. The system allowed for shorter notes and stratified textures, allowing rapid movement of
    certain lines.

    Recordings
    The original chant has been recorded for example by the monks of Santo Domingo de Silos (on
    the album Chant Noël: Chants For The Holiday Season).

    There are a number of recordings of Perotin's setting. Several versions have been compared by
    Ivan Hewett, a music critic for the British newspaper The Telegraph. Hewett, who takes as his
    starting-point a 2005 recording by the vocal ensemble Tonus Peregrinus,[2] does not discuss
    whether it is appropriate to use instruments in this music. However, a recording by the Deller
    Consort uses some instruments to accompany the singers.[3] and there is an arrangement for
    string quartet by the Kronos Quartet (included on the album Early Music (Lachrymæ Antiquæ)).

    References
    1. The first 7 words are also used as the Communion.
    2. Hewett. "Perotin" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/classical-music-guide/9958013/Iv
    an-Hewetts-Classic-50-No-15-Perotin-Viderunt-omnes.html). www.telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved
    2017-12-25.
    3. Perotin (fl.c.1200) – A discography (http://www.medieval.org/emfaq/composers/perotin.html)

    Sources and further reading


    Albright, Daniel (2004). Modernism and Music: An Anthology of Sources. University of
    Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-01267-0.
    Bent, Ian D. (1980). "Pérotin". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 20 vols., ed.
    Stanley Sadie, 14:540–43. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd. ISBN 1-56159-174-2
    Flotzinger, Rudolf (2000). Perotinus musicus: Wegbereiter abendländischen Komponierens.
    Mainz: Schott Musik International. ISBN 3-7957-0431-6.
    Gross, Guillaume (2001). "La repetitio dans les organa quadruples de Pérotin: Nature
    rhétorique de l'organisation du discours musical". Musurgia 8, no. 1 (Jeunes analystes, jeunes
    théoriciens): 7–29.
    Hoppin, Richard H. (1978). Medieval Music. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-
    09090-6
    Jenny, Herbert J. (1942). "Perotin's Viderunt omnes". Bulletin of the American Musicological
    Society, no. 6 (August): 20–21.
    Page, Christopher. (1990) The Owl and the Nightingale: Musical Life and Ideas in France
    1100–1300. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-06944-7

    External links
    Text and score from Choral Wiki (http://www0.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Viderunt_omnes_(Gradu
    al)_(William_Byrd))

    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viderunt_Omnes&oldid=959864612"

    This page was last edited on 31 May 2020, at 00:11 (UTC).

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