Stat Fax 2100 Service Manual

2100 Series
Service Manual
Table of Contents
I. Introduction ................................ 1 1.2 A row or column of the keypad does
1. Features ............................................ 1 not function. .................................. 33
2. Specifications ................................... 2 1.3 The keyboard does not function,
3. Warnings and Precautions ............... 4 and neither does the display. .......... 33
3.1 Intended Use ............................ 4 2. Photometer Problems ..................... 33
3.2 General Safety Summary ......... 5 2.1 Lamp Low message is displayed,
3.3 To Avoid Fire or Personal Injury5 filter Low Message ........................ 33
3.4 Safety Terms and Symbols ....... 6 2.2 Wheel does not rotate. ............ 33
II. Principles of Operation ........... 7 2.3 Wheel runs at an uncontrolled
1. Power Requirements ........................ 7 rate. ............................................... 34
1.1 Voltage Selection ...................... 7 3. Plate Transport Problems ................ 34
2. Cover Removal ................................ 8 3.1 Mechanism Error .................... 34
3. General Layout .............................. 10 3.1.1 Shipping Screw ................... 34
3.1 The Chassis ............................ 10 3.2 The Pinion Gear ..................... 35
3.2 Plate Transport Mechanism .... 12 3.3 The Drive Train ...................... 35
3.3 The Photometer Mechanism ... 12 3.4 The Belt Clamp ...................... 35
3.4 Front Panel Electronics .......... 13 3.5 Belt Tension ........................... 35
3.5 Normal Carriage Movement ... 13 3.6 Mechanism error "out of the
3.6 Position Detection System ...... 14 box ................................................ 35
3.7 Plate Transport Mechanisms ... 14 3.7 Mechanism errors at the ends
3.8 Photometer Mechanism .......... 15 of plate. ......................................... 36
4. Parallel Interface ............................. 17 3.8 Randomly located mechanism
5. Auxiliary and Optional Equipment . 18 errors ............................................. 36
5.1 Auxiliary Equipment .............. 18 V. Alignment ................................ 37
5.2 Optional Equipment ............... 18 1. A Note on Alignment ..................... 37
III. Service Procedures ............... 19 2. Lamp and Lamp Assembly
1. EPROM Replacement .................... 19 Alignment ........................................... 37
2. EPROM Upgrade ........................... 21 3. Plate Transport Alignment .............. 37
3. Filter Change Procedure ................. 22 4. Checking the Readings .................. 38
4. Filter Label ..................................... 26 Appendix 1- Block Diagram ...... 39
5. Test 186 .......................................... 27 Appendix 2- Schematics .............. 40
6. Lamp Replacement ........................ 29
7. Lamp Beam Alignment and Bracket
Adjustment .......................................... 30
8. Lamp Aperture Plate Alignment ..... 31
9. Plate Alignment .............................. 31
10. Felt Replacement .......................... 32
IV. Troubleshooting .................... 33
1. Keyboard Problems ........................ 33
1.1 No keys function .................... 33
©1992-2000 Awareness Technology, inc. Unauthorized duplication is strictly prohibited. Information given in this manual is restricted for
use by factory authorized personnel and is to be used for the sole purpose of providing routine instrument maintenance and repair service.
No part of this manual may be copied or redistributed without the express consent of Awareness Technology, Inc. There is no transfer of
technology, copyright, trade name, patent, trade secret or other proprietary right given or implied. Rev. E, 11/04
Rev. E 1
I. Introduction
This manual is designed to help you troubleshoot and service the 2100 family of plate readers. The 2100
Microplate Reader is a compact, microprocessor-controlled, general purpose photometer system designed to
read and calculate the results of assays, including in-vitro clinical diagnostic assays, which are read in microtiter
plates.
This instrument reads monochromatically or bichromatically and has 3 models: a four filter model (405,
450, 492, and 630nm), a six filter model UV model (405, 450, 492, 630, 545, and 340nm), and a six-filter VIS
model (405, 450, 492, 630, 545, and 600nm). Substitute wavelengths in the range of 340nm to 750nm are
available on specially ordered models.
1. Features
The model 2100 family of microtiter/microwell plate readers are economical, versatile, and rugged
instruments for performing endpoint procedures. Their main features are:
A. Extended photometric range (0.0-3.0 absorbance.)

B. Fully automatic read of single strips to full plates.
C. Four filters standard with both monochromatic and bichromatic capabilities (6 filters available).
D. A full on board software menu. Calculations supported are:
1. Single Calibrator (in singlicate and duplicate)
2. Multi-Calibrator (in singlicate and duplicate)
a. Point to Point
b. Regression (linear/linear, log/linear, linear/log, and log/log)
c. Polynomial Curve Fit
3. Cutoff (with or without cutoff controls)
E. User memory for test creation and storage, real time and date.
F. Curve plotting functions.
G. Serial and/or parallel interfaces.
2100 Service Manual
©1992− 2000 Awareness Technology, Inc. Unauthorized duplication is strictly prohibited. Information given in this manual is restricted
for use by factory personnel and is to be used for the sole purpose of providing routine instrument maintenance and repair services.
2 Rev. E
2. Specifications
Photometric:
Linear Measurement Range: -0.20 to 3.0 Absorbance Units (A)
Photometric Accuracy: +/- (1% of the reading + 0.01 A from 0 to 1.5A)
+/- (2% of the reading + 0.01 A from 1.5 to 3.0A)
Stability: Drift of no more than 0.005A in 8 hours
Warm up time: 45 seconds, built-in
Light Source: Tungsten Xenon Lamp with lamp saver feature
Wavelengths: 2100: 405, 450, 492, and 630nm
2100 6 Filter UV: 405, 450, 492, 630, 545, and 340 nm
2100 6 Filter VIS: 405, 450, 492, 630, 545, and 600 nm
(Substitute filters from 340nm-750nm, available on special order)
Filter Type: Multiple cavity sealed interference IAD hardcoat, 10nm half
bandpass typical
Vessel: Standard 96 well plates (round or flat bottom wells) also accepts
strip trays of standard size (8x12 configuration)
Electronic and Software:
Microprocessor: Z80A
Speed: Reads, calculates and prints results for 1 plate in about 2 minutes.
Display: 2 line LCD, alpha numeric, 24 characters per line
Keyboard: 29 key, domed membrane switch, enunciating
Calculation Modes: Absorbance, single point calibration, uptake mode, point-to-point
curve fit, polynomial regression, linear regression (log and linear),
cutoff absorbance, and multipoint % absorbance.
Other features: Mixer, real time clock, self check system, controls locator, partial
plate reading, complete user prompting, flags and error messages,
cutoff comparisons, curve editing and graphing, monochromatic
option, read format 8 vs 12 direction.
Serial Port: Output only, 2400 Baud, 1 start bit, 8 data, 1 stop, no parity, no
handshake serial cable provided
Printer Requirements: parallel or serial, 80 column, 2k byte minimum, Epson compatible.
Power Source: Switch selectable power supply (115V or 230V indicated)
Voltage Source 110-120V/220-240V from 50 to 60Hz,
CAT II, Power Consumption less than 70 Watts
Fuse: two 1/2A, T rating, 250V
All power cords must be approved for the country of use.
Certifications and Compliances: Listed as Laboratory Equipment. CE Certificate of Conformity.

Conforms to the following standards: EN 50082-1, EN 55022,
following the provisions of 89/336/EEC directive.
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Physical:
Enclosure Fire-retardant ABS Plastic cover with metal base
Dimensions Approximately. 43x37x18cm, 11.4kg
Environmental Conditions for Safe Operation:

Indoor use
Altitude up to 2000m
Temperature 5°C to 40°C (Although it may be safe to operate in
these conditions, it may not be suitable for the performance of your
tests; check with your supplier).
Humidity 80% for temperatures up to 31°C, decreasing linearly to
50% humidity at 40°C
Mains supply voltage fluctuations not to exceed+/-10% of nominal
voltage.
Optional Accessories: serial printer, DRI-DYE Check Strips (for instrument QC), PC-
Plate Reader and translator (interface packages)
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3. Warnings and Precautions

Please take time to read this manual carefully before using the instrument. For best
results, familiarize yourself with the instrument and its capabilities before attempting any
clinical diagnostic tests. Refer any questions to your instrument dealer.
WARNING
FOR IN-VITRO DIAGNOSTICS USE
Some diagnostic assays utilize materials which are potentially biohazardous. Always wear protective
apparel and eye protection while using this instrument.
Do not use the instrument in a manner not specified by the manual, or the protection provided by
the instrument may be impaired.
Solvents such as acetone or thinner will damage the instrument . Do not use solvents to clean the
unit. Avoid abrasive cleaners.
The exterior of the instrument may be cleaned with a soft cloth using plain water. If needed, a mild
all-purpose or nonabrasive cleaner may be used. A 10% solution of chlorine bleach (chlorine
bleach= 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite) or 70% isopropyl alcohol may be safely used as a disinfectant.
Take special care not to spill liquid inside the instrument.
Retain the original packing material for future use in the event that the instrument is placed in
storage, shipped to another location, or returned for service.
Model 2100 should be installed on a sturdy, level, surface capable of supporting the instrument’s
weight (11.4 kg) safely, The instrument should be surrounded by the following clearances: 43cm on
each side, 37cm on top, 18cm front, and 18cm back.
IMPORTANT OPERATING PRECAUTIONS!
Be sure to run a sufficient number of controls in each assay. If controls are not within their
acceptable limits, disregard test results.
3.1 Intended Use

FOR IN-VITRO DIAGNOSTIC USE
The 2100 is designed for use in processing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (“ELISA” or “EIA”), including
clinical diagnostic assays. This general purpose instrument is intended to be used by laboratory professionals
who are capable of selecting the appropriate features and options for each specific clinical application.
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3.2 General Safety Summary
Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to this instrument or any products
connected to it. To avoid potential hazards, use this instrument only as specified.
WARNING: Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures.

Contact your dealer to arrange factory training.
3.3 To Avoid Fire or Personal Injury
• Use Proper Power Cord. Use only the power cord specified for this product and certified
for the country of use.
• Ground the Product. This product is grounded through the grounding conductor of the
power cord. To avoid electric shock, the grounding conductor must be connected to earth ground.
• Observe All Terminal Ratings. To avoid fire or shock hazard, observe all ratings and markings
on the instrument. Consult this manual for further ratings information before making connections to the
instrument.
• Do Not Operate Without Covers. Do not operate this instrument with the cover removed.
• Use Proper Fuse. Use only the fuse type and rating specified for this instrument.
• Avoid Exposed Circuitry. Do not touch exposed connections and components when power is
present.
• Do Not Operate With Suspected Failures. If you suspect there is damage to this instrument, have
it inspected by a qualified service person.
• Provide Proper Ventilation. Refer to the installation instructions for details on installing the product
so it has proper ventilation.
• Do Not Operate in Wet/Damp Conditions.
• Do Not Operate In An Explosive Atmosphere.
• Keep Instrument Surfaces Clean and Dry.
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3.4 Safety Terms and Symbols
Terms in This Manual. These terms may appear in this manual:
Warning: Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result in

injury or loss of life.
Caution: Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in

damage to this product or other property.
Terms On the Product. These terms may appear on the product:
DANGER indicates an injury immediately accessible as you read the marking.
WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you read the marking.
CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product.
Symbols on the Product.
These symbols may appear on the product:
WARNING Protective Ground CAUTION BIOHAZARD

Risk of Shock (Earth) Terminal Refer To Manual Risk of Infection
FUSE: For continued protection against risk of fire, replace only with fuse of the
specified type and current ratings. Disconnect equipment from supply before replacing
fuse.
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II. Principles of Operation

This section of the manual describes the operation and the interaction of the Plate Reader's main
systems. Almost all systems are controlled by the Z80 on the main circuit board.
1. Power Requirements
The Input voltage range, 110-120 or 220-240 volts alternating current, switch selectable (indicated
as 115 or 230). Current consumption is 0.4 Amperes when in the 115 range and 0.2 Amperes when in the
230 range. Operating power consumption is 50 Watts. Frequency of the alternating current is 50-60 Hertz.
Fuse requirements are two 1/2 Amp Slow blow 250V 3AG type fuse.
For units for use at 110-120 V inside the US: Use a UL listed cord set consisting of a minimum 18
AWG, Type SVT or SJT three conductor cord, maximum 15 feet in length, rated 10 A, 125 V, with a
parallel blade, grounding type attachment plug. The cord set provided by the manufacturer meets these
requirements. For units for use at 220-240 V inside the US: Use a UL listed cord as above, except rated 250
V, with a tandem blade, grounding type attachment plug.
The safety classification of this instrument is Class 1. To avoid the risk of electric shock, the third
prong of the AC power plug must be connected to conductive parts internal to the equipment by means
of internal toothed solder lugs or quick disconnect. Stainless steel screws and nuts or rivets fasten
grounding points and are marked internally by the IEC 417 symbol 5019. DO NOT loosen or remove
these screws or rivets.
1.1 Voltage Selection
Locate the voltage select switch on the rear panel. This is a 2 position slide switch that will configure the
instrument to accept either 230V or 115V input. Do not connect equipment to the power supply before changing
the line voltage selection switch.
Warning: To prevent permanent damage to the instrument, the voltage select switch
must be set for the appropriate input voltage prior to powering up.
When you can see the 230V label, the instrument is set for 230V input. If you plug the instrument into a
115V power supply while 230V is selected, the instrument will have insufficient operating power.
To select 115V input, insert a straight screw driver blade (or similar instrument) into the slot on the switch,
and slide it into its alternate position. Upon sliding the switch, you will see the 115V label appear.
Warning: If the instrument is configured to accept 115V and you plug it in to a 230V
power supply, the fuses will blow and permanent damage to the electronics may result.
The circuit used should be substantially free of large voltage transients (Kilovolt amp loads) such as large
pumps, large centrifuges, refrigerators and freezers, air conditioners, large autoclaves, ovens, and dryers. The
instrument may fail to operate normally if the power supply is interrupted. If this occurs, turn the instrument off
for a moment. When you turn the instrument back on, it will resume normal operation, but a standard curve which
was not stored in nonvolatile memory will be lost.
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The fuses are located internally in the instrument; there are two fuses, fusing both sides of the main power
supply. Fuse failure is a very rare occurrence and should indicate malfunction of the equipment requiring service
by qualified personnel.
The fuses used with this instrument are 1/2 Amp Slow blow 250 V 3AG, dimensions 1/4 x 1-1/4” (6.3 x
32 mm). For continued protection against risk of fire, use the same fuse for either 115 or 230 V line voltage
selection.
2. Cover Removal
Unplug the instrument, then turn it over, and place it on a padded or protective surface. Remove the 5 #4
self-tap screws as shown. Do not remove any other screws. Place the unit back on its feet. Lift off the cover and
place it directly behind the instrument. This will allow access to all internal assemblies.
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3. General Layout
3.1 The Chassis
The chassis consists of three main elements:
Cover: The cover is a pressure formed fire-retardant ABS enclosure meeting UL specification 94V-0. It is
attached to the main chassis with 5 #4 self-tap screws. The cover front panel assembly which it attached to
main cover contains the LCD display, the interface circuit board, keyboard assembly (keypads and overlay),
and the hatch panel (containing the optional parallel interface.)
Base: The base supports the rear electronic deck, and is the foundation for the plate transport and
photometer mechanisms.
Rear Deck or Electronic Support Deck: The deck is the platform mounted on the rear of the base. It
contains the main circuit board and the electronic support system. It is hinged so that it may be swung back
revealing the AC line connections, fuses, and the plate transport mechanism.
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3.2 Plate Transport Mechanism
The Plate Transport system consists of three main elements:
Drive Mechanisms (2): One of the two drive mechanisms move the plate in the X or A-H direction, and
the other moves it in the Y or 1-12 direction.
Position Detection Systems (2): The detection system for each axis consists of one index bracket and two
optical gates or opto-switches.
Carriage Mechanism: The carriage mechanism consists of three linear, ball-bearing slides, the upper
carriage, the lower carriage, and the microwell retainer frame for holding the 96 well microwell plate in
place while it is transported to the read site.
3.3 The Photometer Mechanism

See section 3.8 for diagram.
The Photometer Mechanism: The photometer mechanism consists of 4 elements:
The Filter Wheel and Rotation Mechanism: The filter wheel is rotated by a small DC motor connected to
the wheel by a rubber belt. The wheel speed is software controlled to 4 revolutions a second. As the wheel
turns, the filters mounted in it pass between the light source and the photodetector. When the filter passes
through the light beam, the reading is taken.
Filter Wheel Position Detection System: Optical gates like those used in the Plate Position Detection
System are used to control the filter wheel. Normally the infrared light from the LED side of the gate is
blocked, but when the small holes in the filter wheel pass by, the light passes through, and the
microprocessor receives a signal. There are two sets of holes. One set consists of four holes, one at each
filter. When one of these holes is detected, the filter is lined up, and a sample is taken. The other set is only
one hole and it is used primarily for synchronizing the filter count.
Light Source: The light source consists of the lamp itself, the diffuser, the lamp aperture block, and the
protective glass slide. The light, originating at the lamp, passes through the diffuser, then through the plate,
the glass slide, the aperture block, and then into the photometer. This area is also known as the read site. The
lamp and filter wheel motor are connected to the junction PCB with an IDC (Insulation Displacement
Connector.)
Optical Detection System: This system consists of the interference filters, the light sensitive photodiode, the
operation amplifier, and the position detectors described in section 3.3. Note: The photodiode, and the
operational amplifier are mounted on the photometer PCB. The optical system is connected to the junction
PCB using a 14 DIP (Dual In-line Package) connector.
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3.4 Front Panel Electronics
The Interface Board: All of the systems on the front panel (keyboard, display, and parallel port) are
centered around the 2100-100 interface board. The interface board is connected to the main board via a 26
pin double row header cable. Note: Earlier units used a 24 pin DIP cable.
The Display: The LCD is driven directly off of the Z80 bus. Address decoding is done on the interface
board. See the 2100-100 schematic for more information.
The Keyboard: The keyboard consists of two identical 4 X 4 membrane keypads. The software
recognizes them as the same key. Ports PB0 through PB7 provide the key scan input, and ports PC0
through PC3 provide the scan output. The keys are connected as shown in the drawing. Scanning is
performed from PB0 to PB7 and reading from PC0 to PC3. The input ports (PC0-3) are pulled up by a 10K
SIP.
The Parallel Port: The parallel port uses the 8255 located on the interface board. Both the input and output
signals are buffered through the two 74HC14s located on the interface board. A cable runs from the board
to the hatch panel where the connector is located.
3.5 Normal Carriage Movement
The plate holder must be able to travel smoothly without binding from the home position where a plate is
loaded to the last well in the plate. Home position is when the carriage is as far left and front as it can go. In
order to sense the home position, the X axis-opto switch must be clear of the X indexing bracket at the left
end of the bracket. The Y axis indexing bracket must move clear of the Y axis opto switch at both ends of
its travel. The mechanism must be able to be positioned so that the last well (12th well of the 8th row in the
plate) can be put at the read site.
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3.6 Position Detection System
The Optical Switches: The position of both axes is detected by two nearly identical electro-optical
detectors, also referred to as opto-switches. The indexing brackets act to interrupt the light path between the
two halves of the switch. The TTL level signal is sent back to the main circuit board to the 8255 PPI and on
to the Z80 CPU. The state of the switches is indicated by the 7 segment LED mounted on the main board.
Each one of the segments corresponds to one of the gates. Not all segments are used.
Note: On earlier units, four discrete LEDs are used. The indexing bracket has two sets of slots. The thin
slots are used to position the wells in the read site and are read by the upper opto switch. The wider slots
(located every other well) are read by the shorter opto switch, and are used to verify that the plate transport
mechanism is functioning correctly.
The X Axis Switch: The optical switch for the X axis (left/right) is located on the lower carriage, near the
rear center, and can be seen though the large rectangular cutout in the upper carriage. The small circuit board
on which the LED and transistors are mounted is attached to the lower carriage by a small angle bracket and
spacer. It moves with the carriage. Infrared light from the LED half of the switch, marked "L" on the PCB,
shines through index bracket which is mounted on the chassis. The transistor side, which has the black stripe
and is marked "T" on the PCB picks up the light from the LED. The connector is on the top edge of the
circuit board, and the wires point upwards. Note: Later units have two switches and the earlier ones have
only one.
The Y Axis Switch: The optical switch for the Y axis is mounted on the lower carriage in about the middle
of the left side. The Y indexing bracket is attached to the frame. Infrared light from the LED half of the
switch, marked "L" on the PCB, passes through the movable indexing bracket. The transistor side of the
switch which is marked with a black stripe, and labeled "T" on the PCB picks up the light. The connector is
on the left edge of the circuit board, wires pointing left.
Electrical Connection: A cable made up of 6 separate wires attached to an IDC connector starts from the
main board and runs to the X opto switch. From there it goes to the Y opto switch.
3.7 Plate Transport Mechanisms
Drive Mechanisms: The two axis movement of the plate (X and Y or left/right and in/out) is powered by
identical low voltage DC motors. Each motor is geared down 32:1 and attached to a pulley which drives a
belt. The belts are attached directly to the carriage by a #4-40 screw through a small hole in the belt. The X
axis belt is attached to the lower carriage, and the Y axis belt is attached to the frame. Both motors are
connected to the main circuit board on the rear deck. From the main circuit board, a ten conductor cable
travels to the junction board. Four wires from the cable go from the junction board to the motors. The rest go
to the photometer assembly. In parallel to both motors is a 100W 1/2 watt resistor. Both resistors are located
on the junction board. Note: The earlier units did not have the junction board. The wiring went directly to
the motor, and the resistors were located directly on the motor. Both motors are driven by the L293B driver
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chip located on the main board. The driver chip is run by the 8255 programmable interface chip.
Carriage Mechanism: The carriage mechanism consists of the linear ball-bearing slides, the upper carriage,
the lower carriage, and the retainer frame that holds the microwell plate. The upper position of the carriage
extends over the read site and is supported in the center by a mechanical damper. The damper, affixed to the
top of the photometer steadies the mechanism when in motion, and reduces mechanical vibration. The
retainer frame which holds the microwell plate and moves it to the read site also has damping material in its
corners. This holds the plate securely in place while in motion. There should be sufficient clearance between
the top of the plate and the underside of the photometer lamp bracket so that the two do not come in contact.
3.8 Photometer Mechanism
The 2100 uses a single channel silicon diode detector to read the light, signal from a gas-filled lens-end
tungsten lamp operated at 6 volts as the light source. The continuously rotating filter wheel contains four (or
more) fixed wavelength interference filters, and is located inside the photometer housing underneath the
microwell plate. This arrangement greatly reduces problems due to ambient light and allows the open frame
structure of the plate transport system. The photometer is operated under microprocessor control. The filter
wheel is software controlled to 4 revolutions per second. Infrared opto switches provide commutation (filter
identification) using the holes in the edge of the filter wheel. One pair provides a count pulse, and the other
provides a home indication.
light enterance
aperture block
Photometer Mechanism
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Filter
Count
Home
Sample
& Hold
Filter
Peaks
Comparator
Output
U15 pin 7
Use the home signal to trigger an oscilloscope to observe the test points as shown above. Each filter peak
is sampled and held and simultaneously converted from an analog signal to a digital absorbance by an exponential
capacitor decay circuit and one of the 16 bit counters in the 8253. (See the photometer schematic.) The photometer
output is proportional to the power of the light signal whereas the width of the positive phase of the pulse at the
8253 counter chip is proportional to the absorbance. The resistance across the log cap (simple RC decay)
determines the base of the log (10 for absorbance.) and is used to adjust the low end absorbance calibration (gain.)
Another potentiometer is used to null the offset voltages in the circuits and serves to adjust the hi-end absorbance
indications.
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4. Parallel Interface
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5. Auxiliary and Optional Equipment

5.1 Auxiliary Equipment
Serial Printer. The 2100 can print its results out to an Epson compatible serial printer using the included
serial interface port. The data is sent at 2400 baud, No Parity, 8 data bits, and 1 stop bit. The connection
requires the custom serial cable included with the Reader.
5.2 Optional Equipment

Parallel Port: The 2100 can send results out to a printer with a parallel port. Most of the 2100s have a 25
pin female connector on the back of the hatch cover. This connector is a standard parallel port. A standard
parallel cable normally used to connect a PC to a parallel printer can be purchased from any computer store.
See the schematic for the pinouts.
PC-Plate Reader: This package allows the Plate Reader to be controlled from an IBM-PC/Compatible.
Using the computer keyboard, the user sets up and runs tests. The data can then be saved to disk and later
imported into a spreadsheet. Test parameters can also be saved to disk. A 360K 5 1/4" disk, cable,
instructions, and an EPROM upgrade (if necessary) are included.
MacPlate Reader: This package performs the same functions as PC-Plate Reader for the Macintosh. Program
comes on an 800K disk. Cable, instructions, and EPROM upgrade (if necessary) are included. This item has
been discontinued.
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III. Service Procedures

WARNING: Set the power switch to OFF (0) position before performing any service work
! on instrument.
1. EPROM Replacement
firmware update will consist of one EPROM to be installed in the instrument. To access the circuit board,
turn off the instrument and remove the upper most cover, the rear hatch cover as shown.
There are two types of updates. Those that require installation of EPROM only and those that require
memory configuration.
1. Locate the EPROM socket and lift the small lever at the end of the socket. This frees the EPROM for
easy removal and insertion.
2. If necessary, gently bend the pins of the new EPROM so that the pins are perpendicular to the EPROM.
Hold the EPROM by the body and bend the pins against a flat surface such as a table to bend all the pins the
same amount. Do not over bend the pins, since they are easy to break if bent too far.
Incorrect Correct
3. Install the EPROM with the notch oriented as shown in the label on the EPROM socket, The notch
should face toward the right side of the instrument. Press the lever down toward the PCB until it locks into
place.
4. Turn the instrument back on.
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2. EPROM Upgrade
EPROM update and PC board modification procedure from 256 to 512 for Models 2101.
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3. Filter Change Procedure

Materials/tools required:
• Replacement filter with neutrals and retainer
• 1- Phillips screw driver
• 1- small flat blade screw driver
• Awl with blunt tip (or similar for prying)
• 7/16" diameter wooden dowel (or similar for pressing)
1. Disconnect the unit from the AC mains and detach the power cord. Remove the cover and unplug
the cover cable per the instructions in the service manual. Set the cover out of the way.
2. Locate the photometer. Unplug the 4 pin lamp/motor cable from the interconnect printed circuit
board (PCB). Using the flat blade screw driver, unplug the gray cable from the interconnect PCB.
NOTE
Do not remove the spacers from the photometer. Removing or altering their position on the photometer will
require the unit be realigned per the procedure in the service manual. Do not move the lamp or the lamp
bracket.
3. This is an important step. Refer to Figure 3.2. Locate the (3) red standoffs retaining the photometer
to the chassis base. From the bottom of the unit, remove the (3) 6-32 screws securing the photometer to the
chassis. Remove the photometer assembly with the red spacers attached.
4. Remove the (4) 6-32 screws retaining the photometer cover. Set the cover aside. Remove the (2)
4-40 screws securing the photometer PCB. Remove the drive belt from the filter wheel. Using the blade
screwdriver, remove loosen the filter wheel shaft. Remove the wheel. Remove the shaft taking care not to
misplace the nylon spacer/washers.
5. Referring to Figure 3.1, locate the filter to be removed.
WARNING
Retaining rings (used on later production filter wheels) will pop out from filter wheel when spring
tension is released during removal. Shield the opening with hand and wear safety glasses.
2100 Service Manual
Rev. E 23
POSITION #1
POSITION #4 POSITION #1
POSITION #3 POSITION #2
HOME INDEX
HOLE HOLES (6)
INDEX HOLES (4) HOME
HOLE
3.1 Filter Wheels
6. There are two means of filter retention in field use; silicone glue or a retaining ring. If a retaining
ring is used, carefully pry two to three of the retaining ring teeth away from the filter until the ring is
dislodged and remove the ring and filter. If silicone glue is present, remove the silicone and push the filter
from the wheel using the eraser end of a pencil or other soft blunt object and any residual glue should
release. Remove any neutral or screen disks that may remain in the filter cavity.
7. Locate the neutral filters and/or screens that were included with the replacement filter and drop them first
into the cavity. Next insert the filter with the mirror side down. Place the replacement retainer over the filter
so that the tabs are angled away from the filter and press in place with a 7/16 diameter wooden dowel or
similar object.
8. Reinstall the filter wheel on the bracket taking care not to pinch any washer under the shaft. Tighten
the shaft. Replace the belt. Replace the photometer PCB taking care to center the board around the shaft.
Tighten the (2) 4-40 screws. Replace the optical cover taking care to position the gray cable in the slot of
the cover. Do not pinch the cable under the cover. Insert the (4) 6-32 screws and snug up. Do not over
tighten.
9. Install the photometer assembly to the chassis by replacing the (3) 6-32 screws through the base.
Insert the (2) cables removed in step # 1.
10. Check that the lamp hangs vertically down and is aimed at the screen and aperture. This step is only
required if the lamp was disturbed during the above operations. If necessary refer to the lamp alignment
procedure in the service manual.
11. Plug the cover cable back into the main PCB. Replace the cover but do not install the cover screws.
If an updated EPROM was included with the filter replacement kit, install it now referring to the EPROM
replacement sheet.
12. Attach the power cord and connect the unit to the mains supply. Turn the unit on. Select Test
#186. The displayed numbers represent the voltages of the installed filters. All voltages should be between
2 and 10 volts. To terminate this mode, press Clear as required.
2100 Service Manual
24 Rev. E
NOTE
If the filter voltage is not in the range specified in the previous step, check lamp alignment. If the lamp
alignment is properly set, the neutral density filters may need to be changed. Add neutrals to lower the
voltage. Remove neutrals to increase the voltage. Never adjust the trim pots on the main PCB to
obtain the correct voltage. Refer to “Troubleshooting” as needed.
13. Detach the unit from the mains supply. Replace the (5) cover screws.
Refer also to section 6- Lamp Replacement and V. Alignment
2100 Service Manual
Rev. E 25
Red Spacers
Black Wire
Remove Connectors
Re d Wire
Remove 3 screws holding photometer to base
Remove Screws Remove Screws

Belt Filter Wheel Shaft
Retainer
Filter
Remove belt, shaft, and filter wheel Remove retainer (if

used), filter, and
neutrals with soft
blunt object.
One nylon washer
Two nylon washers

Install replacement neutrals, filter,
and retainer using 7/16 dowel.
Figure 3.2 Photometer Illustrations

2100 Service Manual
26 Rev. E
4. Filter Label
“FILTER LABELS RESET,” or “RUN TEST #248 to RESET FILTERS” is displayed when the
RAM has been affected such that the filter labels have been erased. To restore filter labels, select test #248.
When the display prompts “KEY 5 = ???” type in the wavelength for the filter in position 3 on the filter
label list, “ENTER.” When the display prompts “KEY 6 = ???” type in the wavelength for the filter in
position 2 on the filter label list, “ENTER.” The filters' wavelengths and their respective positions in the
filter wheel are listed inside the rear hatch cover on the right-hand side. To access this list, remove the two
screws on the back of the hatch cover, then pull the hatch cover free to view the list. The hatch cover will
remain attached to the instrument by a cable. The list location and an example list are shown below.
In the example list, key #5 would correspond to the 600nm filter (Pos. 3), and key #6 would correspond to
the 545nm filter (Pos. 2).
Old Style Label:
POS DEFAULT SPECIAL LOT #

1 405 4/30/92
2 545/1.0/80% 3/1/91
3 600/2.0 1/7/91
4 492/90% 4/21/92
5 630/1.0/80% 5/31/91
6 450/70% 2/27/92
257996021 2100/6VIS 02 04 6/12/92
New Style Labels:
Filter Wheel Part #996012

Position Filter Position Filter
1 405 3 630 Wheel
2 492 4 450 No.
_____

1 405 4 492 Wheel
2 340 5 630 No.
3 545 6 450 _____

1 405 4 492 Wheel
2 545 5 630 No.
3 600 6 450 _____
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Rev. E 27
5. Test 186
Keypad assignment vs. Filter Wheel Position vs. Display of test 186.
Key # Wheel Position Wavelength Test 186 Display

1 1 405 0=
3 2 492 3=
4 3 630 2=
2 4 450 1=
VIS UV
1 1 405 405 0=
6 2 545 340 5=
5 3 600 545 4=
3 4 492 492 3=
4 5 630 630 2=
2 6 450 450 1=
The filter wheel configurations shown are our standard models. Check the filter label in your instrument to
insure proper wavelength key assignment.
When transfering filters from a four position wheel to a 6 position filter wheel the filters must be moved into
the positions shown
4 pos --> 6 pos wheel conversion
pos 1 --> pos 1
pos 2 --> pos 4
pos 3 --> pos 5
pos 4 --> pos 6
The remaining two positions 3 & 2 must be loaded with a filter or they must be blocked off.
In the case of a standard model with 6 wheel positions
pos 1 --> is display 0= and key # 1
Notes for changing from a 4 position wheel to 6 positions:

A) When changing from a 4 position wheel to a 6 position wheel, after the 6 position filter wheel is installed
and the instrument is powered up, the printout or display will read "FILTERS RESET" and "RUN TEST
#248".
The filter wavelengths that are installed in the filter wheel position #2 = key 6 and wheel position #3= key 5
must be entered so the instrument will label and indicate the proper filters. This is called assigning the filter
label to the proper key. Note: The other filter wheel positions are assigned in the EPROM program and
2100 Service Manual
28 Rev. E
cannot be modified without the proper EPROM. This means the existing wavelength and position in the
wheel must be strictly followed and transferred as shown below in C) or else improper results will occur.
Select test #248. When the display prompts "KEY 5 = ???" enter the wavelength of the filter for key #5 =
NNN (3 digits) nm in wheel position 3 and press the Enter key. When the display prompts "KEY 6 = ???"
enter the wavelength of the filter for key #6 = NNN nm in wheel position 2, and press
the Enter key.
B) In a six position (red) wheel for model 21XX or 3XX two filter positions are user programmable. After
the assigned 4 positions are loaded, the remaining filters should be loaded as suggested next and a record
should be made of what wavelength went into what position. It is best to put the highest wavelength (nm)
number (example 630nm) into wheel position #3= key 5, and the lowest nm into wheel position #2 = key 6
(for example 340nm).
pos 3 --> key 5 (high nm)

pos 2 --> key 6 (low nm)
If you do not plan to load these positions with a filter, they must have a blocker or something else to stop
light from passing, run test 248 and have less than 0.100V for test 186.
A blocker disk, black electrical tape or an old filter with several dark neutral density disks such that
indication with test 186 is less than 0.100V is required. Test 186 Filter voltages must be less that 10V and
greater than 4V. Filter voltages greater than 12.00 will cause improper results.
If no labels are needed run test 248 without entering digits, just press enter twice and no labels will be
assigned.
C) Whenever loading a filter wheel - the originally supplied wavelengths must be reloaded such that these
same wavelengths are used in either 1) the exact same pattern in a four position wheel or in a specific pattern
for a six position wheel. It is very important to follow the pattern below when
transferring 4 filters to a six position wheel.
4 pos --> 6 pos wheel conversion:

pos 1 --> pos 1
pos 2 --> pos 4
pos 3 --> pos 5
pos 4 --> pos 6
In the case of a standard 2100, a 6 position wheel

pos 1 --> 405nm, pos 2 = pos 3 --> blocked or loaded
pos 4 --> 492nm
pos 5 --> 630nm
pos 6 --> 450nm
Caution - use the filter wheel label attached to your photometer to determine the actual wavelengths used in
your installation.
2100 Service Manual
Rev. E 29
6. Lamp Replacement
Replacement of the lamp man be required anytime the "LAMP OUTPUT LOW" message is generated or
readings appear unstable.
General service hints:

The low lamp message is linked to the amount of signal generated by the 600/630nm filter. Anytime this
signal drops approximately 1 volt, the message will be triggered.
By selecting test
2100 Service Manual
30 Rev. E
7. Lamp Beam Alignment and Bracket

Adjustment
Select test #187 ; this will place the instrument into the step on "ENTER" mode. Set the unit to the
predominant read mode, 8 way or 12 way. Select the absorbance mode and step to well A10-A12.
Observe the illumination of the photometer entrance. The spot should be nearly centered on the aperture.
With the test plate in place and the mechanism moved to a read location. If any part of the photometer
opening is not covered by the bright spot of the lamp, adjust where the light enters the photometer entrance
by loosing the (3) photometer mounting screws and sliding the photometer to a centered position. Snug up
the screws and recheck alignment on wells B11-B10.
Lamp bracket adjustment: For best performance the lamp bracket and lamp should be directly above the
photometer entrance.
This can be checked by observing the illumination spots on the test plate will both be symmetrical about the
test plate aperture top and bottom holes. See figure.
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Rev. E 31
8. Lamp Aperture Plate Alignment

The lamp apertures hole directly below the lamp must lie directly above the photometer entrance aperture.
This entrance should be uniformly and symmetrically illuminated. Alignment holes in the aperture bracket
with corresponding holes in the photometer bracket may be used to effect this alignment. Insert a .093" rod
thru the alignment holes into the photometer bracket holes and assure that the rod stands vertically up.
9. Plate Alignment
Illumination will symmetrical around the test plate aperture top and bottom holes.
2100 Service Manual
32 Rev. E
10. Felt Replacement

Purpose: The felt pad serves as a vibration dampener and a friction source to left and right translations of the
plate bed.
Installation: Remove any other pads or dampener means that may be installed on the photometer deck
(example- black foam rubber pads or white nylon skids).
Peel the protective backing from the adhesive surface of the white felt pad and using tweezers, install the
pad as shown in the diagram.
Sight between the bed and the felt pad and insure that the deck remains in contact with the pad during and
through out the entire left/right movement. Move the bed by hand to perform this check.
If the bed is off of the pad, adjust it down by loosening the bed attachment screws and lowering he bed
slightly. The two screws in the rear are easier to reach and are easier to reach and are usually the only
adjustment needed. Unplug the power before beginning and use a stubby phillips screw driver. Note: The
front screws are under the "Y" rail dress panel. Do not create too much friction or left to right movement
will be very slow.
After installation the plate positioning and lamp alignment should be checked with a alignment plate. See
Lamp Alignment.
2100 Service Manual
Rev. E 33
IV. Troubleshooting
Presented below are some possible problems and their solutions
1. Keyboard Problems
1.1 No keys function
If on power up the LCD functions, the interconnection between the main circuit board and the interface
board is OK. If the unit beeps briefly immediately at power-up and no keys function, either the cable is not
plugged in correctly, the keytail is shorted, or there is a stuck key. Unplug each of the keypads to determine
which of the keypads is malfunctioning. Check that the tracks are covered down to the insertion point. If the
covering has been damaged, insulate it with clear tape. If the problem still persists, massage over the keypad
until the beeping starts. If necessary, stick the key with a pin to equalize the air pressure inside. If necessary,
replace the keypad. If the tracers on the keytails is missing conductive material at t he end that plugs into the
interface pcb. It may be trimmed back 1mm at a time to expose fresh contact material.
1.2 A row or column of the keypad does not function.

Check that the keytails are properly inserted and covered to 1/4" from the end as discussed in section 3.4 . If
a row (horizontal) does not function, check that the low level on the appropriate line of Port B can be
transmitted to the desired line of Port C. See the drawing below. It is highly unlikely that a component has
failed. It is more likely that a plated through hole on the interface board has failed. Trace the circuit on the
board, and replace if necessary.
1.3 The keyboard does not function, and neither does the display.
The problem is probably the connection between the interface board and the main board. Make sure that the 26
pin cable is plugged in correctly on both ends.
2. Photometer Problems
2.1 Lamp Low message is displayed, filter Low Message
Check that the lamp is illuminated and is properly aligned. Select test #186, and the filter voltages will be
displayed in the following order: 0=405nm, 1=450nm, 2=600nm, and 3=492nm. Make sure that all are
greater than 2 volts. If a particular channel is low, the filter may be degrading. Make sure the lamp is OK
first and that there is nothing blocking the light path such as dirt or dust. Replace if less than 1 volt.
2.2 Wheel does not rotate.

Check that the 10 conductor wire that goes from the main circuit board to the junction board is installed
properly. If the filter wheel motor is running, but the filter wheel does not seem to be rotating, check the two
rubber belts. If the motor is not turning then check that the motor has between +5 and +6 volts across the
motor terminals. (Make sure that the reader is attempting to read a plate or running test 186) If there is no
2100 Service Manual
34 Rev. E
voltage on the motor, check for a high level on ULN2003, pins 1 and 2. Also check that the 7806 has +6
volts on its output terminal.
2.3 Wheel runs at an uncontrolled rate.

Check that the wheel count pulse is being transmitted to the NMI pin of the Z80. It should be a narrow,
negative spike. Also check that the wheel home pulse is arriving at the 8255 port, PC6 pin 11. If neither are
present and the cables are installed correctly, check the IR LED pair on top of the photometer housing for
1.2 to 1.5 volts between the black and the white wire. +5 volts here indicates and open LED or
unterminated return. Refer to timing diagram in section 3.8
3. Plate Transport Problems

The most commonly encountered problem with the 2100 series of plate readers is a mechanism error. This
means that the microprocessor was unable to effect the desired movement or that after being moved the
plate was determined to be in an incorrect position. Several aides are available to assist technical personnel
in diagnosing and correcting this problem:
1) The location of the last mechanism error is recorded and can be recalled by running test #188.
2) On the main circuit board is a 7 segment LED display. Each segment shows the state of one of the opto
switches. (Note: Only the outer four segments are used.) These LEDs can be used to determine the proper
position of the plate.
3) Selecting test #187 allows the operator to single step through the plate by pressing the "enter" key.
3.1 Mechanism Error

When the display shows -"Mechanism error at PS-W" where PS-W indicates the first invalid plate, strip,
and well respectively, the instrument is alerting the operator to difficulty getting to the proper location in the
allotted time. This message is generally indicative of restriction in free movement or of failure of
component(s) in the drive train. See also: the operators manual, section on mechanical control.
Although component failure is rare, mechanism failure or degradation is usually caused when parts come
loose, or the shipping screw is not used when shipping the machine. Most failures can be readily fixed by
doing in-the-field adjustments. Typical problem areas are pinion gears, spur gears, gear shafts, belt clamps
or any part under stress when shipped.
There have been a few cases where shipping the instrument without the shipping screw installed has
resulted in the A-H drive pulley shaft mount (press fastener) pulling from the bracket. The shaft should
extend straight from the bracket and not lean. If pulled loose, remove the assembly by loosening the 2
mounting screws through the base then remove the shaft. Using a vise, press the fastener back into place.
3.1.1 Shipping Screw

To install the shipping screw, first move the carriage to the home position. When installing the screw make
sure that it does not bend or put pressure on the lower carriage bracket. Other problems occur when for
example the shipping screw is left in or out at an inappropriate time, or the customer disassembles more than
is necessary, or one part or another comes loose in shipment.
2100 Service Manual
Rev. E 35
3.2 The Pinion Gear

A Problem can occur when the pinion gear to motor shaft contact slips. Either the gear slips off the motor
shaft or the motor shaft spins without turning the gear. The problem is usually noticed when the instrument
is first turned on as a fast whirring noise is heard and mechanism movement on one axis is absent. If the fit
of the pinion gear on either the X or Y motor shaft feels loose or can be readily pulled or slid with finger nail
pressure from the motor shaft, replace the gear or thread the hole inside the pinion gear with a 2-56 tap and
replace the gear by pushing on the shaft with finger pressure. As with all gears, whenever testing fit,
removing, or replacing gears, do not touch gear teeth with any kind of tool, or damage to the teeth will occur
resulting in gear meshing noise. If, especially after fitting new gears, a loud sawing sound appears to be
coming from the pinion gear meshing with the combination gear, adjust the mesh by loosening the motor
attachment screws and move the motor so the backlash gives the least amount of noise. A small gap
between gears is desirable. Do not leave so small a gap that gear is slowed due to extra friction.
Check that the motor pinion gear has not worked off the shaft or along the shaft and disengaged from the
2nd stage gear. Press the pinion back on the shaft and if necessary spot with a small amount of thread locker
or similar rapid bond adhesive. Take care to use a sparing amount such that it does not wick into the motor.
3.3 The Drive Train

Problems occur when drive train backlash is excessive. Usually this occurs when either the pulley to gear
contact or the belt to carriage contact is loose. Excessive backlash is usually noticed when grabbing the
carriage with one hand while either applying medium pressure to move the carriage and holding the pinion
gear stationary with the other hand or when applying light pressure, with spur gears which come loose on
timing pulleys (#2-56 screws),
3.4 The Belt Clamp

Problems with a belt clamp which comes loose (#4-40 1/4" screw and FW) tighten screw if loose.
3.5 Belt Tension

If there is a problem with belt tension, a loud popping noise may be heard when the mechanism reaches the
normal end of its travel in either the X or the Y direction.
A-H belt: This belt is located at the rear and may be adjusted by loosening the (2) screws below the left
idler pulley bracket. Adjust the tension by moving the bracket accordingly.
1-12 belt: Loosen the (2) screws holding the motor drive assembly and slide it according to the desired
tension adjustment.
There is a possibility that overly tight belt tension will stall the drive. The belts should be modestly
deflectable--if they pop on the return to home position they are too loose.
3.6 Mechanism error "out of the box

The model 2100's are shipped from the factory with a shipping screw to hold the plate transport mechanism
during shipment. This screw, located on the bottom of the machine must be removed before using the
reader. If the screw is still in place a mechanism error will be indicated by the message "MECHANISM
ERROR AT ." Normally the message would indicate the well at which the error occurred. However,
since the screw is blocking all motion, the message will be displayed without a location.
2100 Service Manual
36 Rev. E
3.7 Mechanism errors at the ends of plate.

If a mechanism error occurs repeatedly at well 12 or H, there is a good chance that the bearing race within a
transport guide has moved such that it is obstructing the plate movement at its extremes. This problem is
simply corrected. Note the "plate can't get home -- move plate left" is an indication of this condition.
The bearing race may be repositioned without removing the cover by moving the plate frame manually
through its range. For example, if well 12 cannot be read, move the plate frame toward the back of the
machine until a resistance is felt, then push harder until the motion resumes. Continue pushing until a hard
stop is felt. The race is now repositioned. If well H cannot be read, perform this procedure by pushing the
transport bed right until the resistance is felt. Alternately, the race may be moved by holding the plate frame
and pushing the race back with a thin screwdriver.
3.8 Randomly located mechanism errors

If mechanism errors occur at random locations on the plate, a more detailed analysis is required.
Remove the cover of the machine per the cover removal procedure. Set the cover to one side or to the back
leaving the cable to the interface board attached to the main PC board. Move the plate holder by hand
through its range of motion. Feel for any mechanical resistance over the range. It is possible that a fastener
has worked loose or that a wire is snagging at some place. Next, note the proper indication on the 7 segment
LED. The function of each segment is shown in the margin.
Note: Earlier units have four discrete LEDs. They are read left to right as follows:
All off if outside of well range.

1) Y axis (1-12) well indicator Off=on well
2) Y axis (1-12) odd/even Well 1=on, 2 off, 3=on,...., 12=off
3) X axis (A-H) odd even well A=off,B=on
4) X axis (A-H) well indicator Off=on well
As the plate is moved, each LED should function accordingly. Failure of any LED to light/extinguish at the
proper position will result in a mechanism error. Note: the well indicator is position sensitive and a slight
overshoot will cause this indicator to light. This is normal. If any LED fails, check the connectors located at
each sensor board. Pay careful attention to the insertion of the wires into the connectors. A wire that is not
fully inserted (displaced) will cause a problem. Component failure is highly unlikely. Most of the time, the
problem is a probably a faulty mechanical connection or mounting. Check that no sensor pair has been
mechanically disturbed. Check the voltages at the connector on the main PC board. As the IR LEDs are
connected in series (2 each), an open in the interconnect will result in lighted LEDs for either both odd/
detectors or both position detectors. The straight through (unobstructed) photometer transistor voltage should
be less than 0.5 volts, when blocked more than 4.0 volts. Caution: moving sensors, index brackets or
adjusting photometer parts may cause misalignment and improper results. Refer to section 5. Alignment.
2100 Service Manual
Rev. E 37
V. Alignment
1. A Note on Alignment
Critical to high end performance (>2.0 absorbance units) is the proper alignment of the plate transport
system and photometer assembly. Any time the photometer assembly is moved, this alignment procedure
must be performed. However, the mechanical alignment should not change once set.
2. Lamp and Lamp Assembly Alignment

The lamp should always be positioned to illuminate the lamp aperture and screen evenly. Further the body
of the lamp must point straight down. Caution: The lamp may be hot. Do not allow it to contact the
diffusion screen. (See the lamp replacement procedure.) If the lamp does not point vertically down, it may be
aimed by grasping the lamp lightly with a pair of needle nose pliers and then bending the leads to achieve
the desired orientation. It is also necessary that the lamp aperture be positioned directly over the photometer
entrance aperture. If it is not evenly illuminating the lamp plate aperture, align it by loosening the lamp
bracket screws moving the lamp bracket until even filling is achieved. Tighten the screws. A significant
misalignment of any of these will deteriorate the > 2.0 abs performance. The lamp aperture plates have
alignment holes, such that a rod (either .09 or .12 od) may be passed through the lamp aperture plate and
into the photometer housing in order to check this alignment.
3. Plate Transport Alignment

Alignment of the plate transport system is accomplished by moving the photometer assembly so that the
lamp beam/photometer entrance lies on a vertical line passing through the center of the well.
For the following steps it will be necessary to use the test plate available from Awareness Technology or a
modified standard plate. The plate must to altered to reduce the light passing through the wells to a small dot
in the center of several wells. This may be achieved by inserting washers or using a marking pen to color the
bottoms of the wells leaving only the centers open. Use the wells in the center of the plate for this alteration.
Insert the test plate or the modified regular plate into the plate holder frame. Place the unit in the single step
mode by selecting test #187. If necessary then select the absorbance mode using any filters. Press the READ
button. The instrument will than move the plate to read well A-1.
Advance the plate to the center of the plate by using the Enter key as required. When one of the occluded
wells is parked at the photometer observe the illumination of the photometer entrance. The circle of light on
the entrance should be centered. If not ,loosen the (3) photometer hold down screws (See fig. PLATE
ALIGNMENT). Move the photometer such that the entrance is centered in the illumination. Tighten the
screws. Move to the next well. Check and repeat.
2100 Service Manual
38 Rev. E
4. Checking the Readings

As a final check on the alignment, prepare a Dri-Dye Check Strip or prepare a dilution of a material that
reduces to approximately 2.0 abs.
Read the Dri-Dye as specified in the package insert. Compare the results to the expected values. Next turn
the plate around, repeat the readings. They should agree to within +/- 1% +.005 abs. This must be
especially true at the 2.0 abs end. Any significant deviations at the high ends indicates unacceptable
alignment.
2100 Service Manual
Rev. E 39
Appendix 1- Block Diagram
2100 Service Manual
40 Rev. E
Appendix 2- Schematics
2100-100C
Display, Keypads, Parallel Port/Interface Printed Circuit Assembly,
and Parallel Port Buffer/Connector Printed Circuit Assembly.
2100 Service Manual
Rev. E 41
2100-100M
Display and Interface Printed Circuit Assembly
2100 Service Manual
42 Rev. E
2100-100M page 2
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Rev. E 43
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44 Rev. E
2100-200J
2100-100J Main, Junction, Serial Port, X Sensor, Y Sensor, Photometer, and LED Printed Circuit
Assembly
2100 Service Manual
Rev. E 45
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46 Rev. E
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Rev. E 47
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48 Rev. E
2100 Service Manual

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2100 Series

A. Extended photometric range (0.0-3.0 absorbance.)

2100 Service Manual

Certifications and Compliances: Listed as Laboratory Equipment. CE Certificate of Conformity.

2100 Service Manual

Environmental Conditions for Safe Operation:

2100 Service Manual

3. Warnings and Precautions

IMPORTANT OPERATING PRECAUTIONS!

3.1 Intended Use

2100 Service Manual

3.2 General Safety Summary

WARNING: Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures.

3.3 To Avoid Fire or Personal Injury

• Do Not Operate in Wet/Damp Conditions.

• Do Not Operate In An Explosive Atmosphere.

• Keep Instrument Surfaces Clean and Dry.

2100 Service Manual

3.4 Safety Terms and Symbols

Terms in This Manual. These terms may appear in this manual:

Warning: Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result in

Caution: Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in

Terms On the Product. These terms may appear on the product:

DANGER indicates an injury immediately accessible as you read the marking.

CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product.

Symbols on the Product.

These symbols may appear on the product:

WARNING Protective Ground CAUTION BIOHAZARD

2100 Service Manual

II. Principles of Operation

1.1 Voltage Selection

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2100 Service Manual

3.2 Plate Transport Mechanism

The Plate Transport system consists of three main elements:

3.3 The Photometer Mechanism

2100 Service Manual

3.4 Front Panel Electronics

3.5 Normal Carriage Movement

3.6 Position Detection System

3.7 Plate Transport Mechanisms

3.8 Photometer Mechanism

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5. Auxiliary and Optional Equipment

5.2 Optional Equipment

2100 Service Manual

III. Service Procedures

4. Turn the instrument back on.

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3. Filter Change Procedure

5. Referring to Figure 3.1, locate the filter to be removed.

2100 Service Manual