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    AST 251 Lecture 1

    Uploaded by

    Alexander Baghramyan
    1. The document provides information about astrophysical concepts discussed in AST251 Lecture 1. It covers topics like protoplanetary disks, the age of the universe, stars in the Milky Way, stellar winds and supernovae enriching space with heavy elements, and mass extinctions like the Great Dying and Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction. 2. Key events discussed include the formation of the solar system 4.6 billion years ago, life emerging on Earth between 3.8-4.4 billion years ago, multicellular life evolving after atmospheric oxygen rose in the Proterozoic eon, and humans diverging from other apes around 6 million years ago. 3.

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    AST 251 Lecture 1

    Uploaded by

    Alexander Baghramyan
    28 views3 pages
    1. The document provides information about astrophysical concepts discussed in AST251 Lecture 1. It covers topics like protoplanetary disks, the age of the universe, stars in the Milky Way, stellar winds and supernovae enriching space with heavy elements, and mass extinctions like the Great Dying and Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction. 2. Key events discussed include the formation of the solar system 4.6 billion years ago, life emerging on Earth between 3.8-4.4 billion years ago, multicellular life evolving after atmospheric oxygen rose in the Proterozoic eon, and humans diverging from other apes around 6 million years ago. 3.

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    This is the set of questions for Lecture 1 of AST251.

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    1. The document provides information about astrophysical concepts discussed in AST251 Lecture 1. It covers topics like protoplanetary disks, the age of the universe, stars in the Milky Way, stellar winds and supernovae enriching space with heavy elements, and mass extinctions like the Great Dying and Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction. 2. Key events discussed include the formation of the solar system 4.6 billion years ago, life emerging on Earth between 3.8-4.4 billion years ago, multicellular life evolving after atmospheric oxygen rose in the Proterozoic eon, and humans diverging from other apes around 6 million years ago. 3.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views3 pages

    AST 251 Lecture 1

    Uploaded by

    Alexander Baghramyan
    1. The document provides information about astrophysical concepts discussed in AST251 Lecture 1. It covers topics like protoplanetary disks, the age of the universe, stars in the Milky Way, stellar winds and supernovae enriching space with heavy elements, and mass extinctions like the Great Dying and Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction. 2. Key events discussed include the formation of the solar system 4.6 billion years ago, life emerging on Earth between 3.8-4.4 billion years ago, multicellular life evolving after atmospheric oxygen rose in the Proterozoic eon, and humans diverging from other apes around 6 million years ago. 3.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    AST251 - Lecture 1

    Study online at quizlet.com/_83uzma

    1. How can we see 8. What are Gamma


    protoplanetary Ray Bursts
    disks today

    with infrared telescopes


    2. How do we just remember that the universe is 13.8
    convert between billion years old
    Gy and Gya
    3. How many starts 400 billion
    are in the Milky colossally energetic supernova resulting
    Way in GRB which would have sterilized any
    life that formed on nearby planets
    4. How old is the 13.8 billion years (Gy)
    Universe 9. What cause the
    Great dying
    5. How wide is the 100,000 light years
    Milky Way
    Galaxy?
    6. The origin of the
    solar system
    elements

    Eruption of Volcanos for thousands of


    years and formation of the Siberian Trap
    - lead to catastrophic environmental
    changes
    7. What are
    10. What did stellar enriched with heavy elements (C,N,O
    Carbonaceous
    winds and etc) and allowed the formation of
    Chondrites
    supernovae enrich organic molecules such as polycyclic
    the gas and dust aromatic hydrocarbons and likely simple
    chunks of rock that predate planets in the space with Amino acids
    - contain round globules called and what did this
    chondrules which are some of the oldest allow
    minerals in solar system
    11. What happened 15. what happened
    9.2Gy after the Big between 3-20min
    Bang of the universe
    being born

    Big Bang Nucleosynthesis


    - Protons in the hot dense plasma
    collide and nuclear fusion reactions
    Solar system formation form helium and lithium
    - sun condenses from a cloud of gas 16. What happened
    and dust during the
    - planets form from a spinning Archean period
    protoplanetary disk around the young
    sun
    12. What happened after
    400 My in the
    universe

    - Earliest evidence of life on Earth


    (possible fossil of microorganisms in
    3.8-4.4Gy old rocks in Quebec)
    - Late Heavy Bombardment by asteroids
    (migration of planets disturbed the
    reservoir of asteroids)
    - Definite evidence for life (3.5 Gya)
    17. What happened - Moon forms (protoplanet collision with
    First Stars and Galaxies form during the Hadean earth )
    - gas that filled space cool to the period - Oceans form on earth
    point where its own gravity can crush **
    portion until it becomes dense water released from interior of earth and
    enough to form starts and galaxies deposited by comets
    13. What happened after 75% H 18. What happened - Cambrian Explosion (increase in
    the Big Bang 25% He during the diversity of organisms)
    Nucleosynthesis trace Li Phanerozoic Eon - life moves onto land (500 mya)
    (composition of the - The great dying (End permian mass
    Universe) extinction)
    - Humans diverge from other apes
    14. What happened at The temperature throughout the
    (6Mya)
    the first second universe was billions of degrees
    - Humans leave Africa (100000ya)
    (beginning of - no stable atoms (only soup of
    universe) subatomic particles)
    19. What happened during the - Great Oxygenation Event (May have happened long after development of photosynthesis due
    Proterozoic period (4) to Fe and S in the crust)
    - Eukaryotes Evolve
    - multicellular life (high O2 allow for more energy to be derived from aerobic respiration)
    - Rise of Ediacarans (organisms with strange body plans -> wiped out by end of proterozoic time)
    20. What is one solution to Fermi's Mass Extinction
    Paradox - life arises often but is usually wiped out quickly
    21. What is the Cretaceous-Tertiary
    extinction

    K-T impact
    - extinction of dinosaurs due to asteroid 10km in diameter
    22. What is the Fermi Paradox? Reasonable assumptions predict that a galactic civilization should have already arisen in the
    Milky Way. Yet, we have absolutely no evidence for it.
    23. When did Supernovae occur and
    what did it do

    400My
    - explosions that would have seeded the universe with the first significant quantities of elements
    heavier than helium
    24. When was earth formed 4.6 billion years ago (Gya)

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