Automated Essay Scoring: General Faqs

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Automated essay scoring

December 2016

Background

The National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) will move online
from 2017, over a three-year period. Around 10 per cent of Australian schools will be
conducting NAPLAN online in 2017, with increasingly more schools online in 2018, and all
schools to be online by 2019.
As a part of the move to NAPLAN online, ACARA has been researching the use of automated
essay scoring (AES) for NAPLAN Online writing.
Automated marking enables faster turnaround of results and allows teachers and schools to
respond to identified student learning needs more quickly.
ACARA’s research demonstrates comparable scores between AES and human markers on actual
NAPLAN writing tests.

General FAQs
What is automated essay scoring? How does automated essay
Automated essay scoring (AES) uses scoring work?
computer algorithms that are designed to The AES system marks writing tests using the
mirror human scoring. The computer same NAPLAN marking criteria used by human
program is trained to score characteristics of markers. The AES system is trained using more
writing – such as fluency, grammar, than 1,000 NAPLAN writing tests scored by
construction – in the NAPLAN marking human markers. It is trained to apply the marking
guide. These characteristics are taken from criteria to a broad range of narrative and
essays and linked with essay scores based persuasive writing tasks. AES systems can mark
on a sample of essays previously marked by thousands of essays consistently, reliably and
human markers. In effect, the computer quickly. If the AES system cannot score a piece of
models the decisions of expert human writing, it will ‘red flag’ it and a human marker will
markers. score the essay.

Why is it used? How do we know that a computer can


Automated scoring is as reliable as human mark as reliably as a human marker?
markers. It enables faster turnaround of ACARA has undertaken research reviews
results, allowing the results to get back to and studies that prove: for NAPLAN writing
students, parents and teachers within weeks tests, automated essay scoring achieves
instead of months. This will help teachers scores comparable to human markers
and schools to respond more quickly to scoring. These findings mirror numerous
identified student learning needs. studies on automated essays scoring in
Australia and internationally.
How can a computer interpret the
characteristics of language? Part of the training of the system also
includes its ability to recognise a sample of
The AES system is trained using samples of essays specifically designed to ‘fool’ the
students’ writing. The system is trained to engine.
score students' responses to multiple tasks
within a particular genre (persuasive or How will ACARA ensure that marking
narrative). Any writing the AES system is fair for all students?
cannot score is flagged for checking by an
experienced human marker. The AES is being trained using more than
1,000 scripts that have already been
Will the use of AES affect features of marked by expert human markers. In 2017,
student writing and writing instruction? all NAPLAN Online writing tests will be
double-marked by both the AES system
No. NAPLAN assessments are aligned to the and human markers, with any differences
Australian Curriculum. The marking criteria resolved by a human marker.
for NAPLAN reflect the expectations of the
curriculum.

Comparing human-trained automated systems with expert human markers

For more information, email: [email protected]

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