1.

A refrigeration system is used to cooled water in the evaporator a 8 kg/s of water

from 30 deg C to 2 deg C. Find the tons of refrigeration required.
Given:
m=8kg/s
t1=30 C
t2=2 C
Required:
Tons of refrigeration
Solution:
ToR=mCp(t2-t1)/3.516
=8 kg/s(4.187)(30-2)/3.516
ToR=266.7485779 TR

2. A reverse Carnot cycle has an evaporator temperature of -5 deg C and

condenser temperature of 45 deg C. Find the performance factor if it will operate
in a heat pump.
Given:
TH = 45 deg C + 273 = 318 K
TL = -5 deg C + 273 = 268 K
Required:
COP
Solution:
TH
COP =
TH - TL
318 K
COP = 318 K- 268 K

COP = 6.36

3. A simple saturated refrigeration cycle for R-12 system operates at an evaporating

temperature of -5 deg C and a condensing temperature of 40 deg C. For
refrigerating capacity of 10 KW, determine the work of the compressor. At 40 deg
C, hf=238.5 KJ/kg; at -5 deg C.hg=349.3 KJ/kg. Enthalpy entrance to the
condenser is h=375 KJ/kg.
Given:
RE = 10KW
hf = 238.5 kJ/kg
hg = 349.3 kJ/kg
h = 375 kJ/kg
Find:
Wc
Solution:
RE = m(hg – hf)
 10 kW = m(349.3 kJ/kg - 238.5 kJ/kg)
m = 0.0902527075 kg

Wc = m(h – hg)
Wc = 0.0902527075 kg(375 kJ/kg – 349.3 kJ/kg)
Wc = 2.319494585 kJ/kg

4. A refrigeration system using refrigerant 22 is to have a refrigerating capacity of

60 TR. The evaporating temperature is -10 deg C and the condensing
temperature is 42 deg C. Determine the heat rejected by the condenser.
Enthalpy of condenser entrance=440 KJ/kg, exit = 254 KJ/kg. Evaporator
exit=406 KJ/kg, evaporator entrance=254 KJ/kg.
Given: h1 = 406KJ/Kg
h2 = 440KJ/Kg
h3 = h4 = 254KJ/Kg
TR = 60TR
Solution:
𝑚𝑡(ℎ1−ℎ4) 𝑚𝑡(406−254)𝐾𝐽/𝐾𝑔
TR = ; 60TR = ; mt = 1.387894737Kg/s
3.516 3.516

Qrejected = mt(h2 – h3)

= mt = 1.387894737Kg/s(440 – 254)KJ/Kg
Qrejected = 258.1484211KJ/s or KW

5. A Freon-12 refrigeration system circulates 231 lb/minand is assumed to operate

on a cycle. The evaporator pressure coil is 48 psia, the temperature entering the
compressor is 50 deg F, the pressure in the condenser is 130 psia and the
temperature of the liquid refrigerant entering the expansion valve is 86 deg F.
Calculate the following:
-refrigerant effect BTU/lb : RE

Given:
T = 50 °F = 10 °C
H1 = Hg @ T 10 °C = 357.2 kJ/kg
H2 = Hf @ T 10 °C = 209.5 kJ/kg
Required: RE (BTU/lb)

Solution:
 RE = (H1 – H4)
RE = (357.2 – 209.5)kJ/kg x (1BTU/ 1.055kJ) x (1kg/2.205 lb)

RE = 63.49206349 BTU/lb
PROBLEM 5
A Freon-12 refrigeration system circulates 23lb/min and is assumed to operate on a cycle. The
evaporator pressure coil is 48psia, the temperature entering the compressor is 50degF, the
pressure in the condenser is 130psia and the temperature of the liquid refrigerant entering the
expansion valve is 86degF. Calculate the refrigerant effect BTU/lb.
GIVEN:
Freon-12
m = 23 lb/min
Pevap: 48 psia
Pcond:130 psia
T1: 50defF
T3: 86degF
REQUIRED:
SOLUTION:

PROBLEM 6
Capacity of plant, tons.
GIVEN:
Freon-12
m = 23 lb/min
Pevap: 48 psia
Pcond:130 psia
T1: 50defF
T3: 86degF

REQUIRED:
Capacity of plant, tons
SOLUTION:
RE x m = Capacity
63.49206349 BTU/lb x 23 lb/min = 1460.31746 BTU/min
= 1460.31746 BTU/min x (1 BTU/min)/ (200 tons)
Tons of Refrigeration = 7.301587301 TOR

PROBLEM 7
Power required to compress the Freon-12, HP.
GIVEN:
Freon-12
m = 23 lb/min
Pevap: 48 psia
Pcond:130 psia
T1: 50defF
T3: 86degF

REQUIRED: Wc
SOLUTION:

𝑇 = 50 °𝐹 = 10 °𝐶
𝑘𝐽
ℎ1 = ℎ𝑔 @ 10 °𝐶 = 357.2
𝑘𝑔

𝑘𝐽
ℎ2 = 367.4
𝑘𝑔

𝑊𝐶 = 𝑚(ℎ2 − ℎ1 )
1𝑘𝑔 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑊𝐶 = (23𝑙𝑏/min )( )( )(367.4 − 357.2 kJ/kg)
2.205𝑙𝑏 60𝑠
𝑊𝐶 = 1.77𝑘𝑊 = 2.37𝐻𝑝
PROBLEM 8
Coefficient of Performance, COP.
GIVEN:
Freon-12
m = 23 lb/min
Pevap: 48 psia
Pcond:130 psia
T1: 50defF
T3: 86degF
REQUIRED:
COP
SOLUTION:
ℎ1−ℎ4
COP = ℎ2−ℎ1
𝐾𝑗 𝑘𝑗
357.8 −229
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
= 𝑘𝑗 𝑘𝑗
367.4 −357.8
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔

COP = 13.4166677

9. A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of 1.6. how much work in KJ must be

supplied to this refrigerator for it to reject 1000 KJ of heat?
Given:
COP = 1.6
QR = 1000 KJ
Required:
WIN
Solution:
Win + QA = Qout
𝑄
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 𝑊𝐴
𝑖𝑛
 Win(COP) = QA
Win + Win(COP) = Qout
Win (COP+1) = Qout
𝑄
𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑊𝑖𝑛 = 𝐶𝑂𝑃+1
100 𝐾𝐽
𝑊𝑖𝑛 = 1.6+1

Win = 384.6153846 KJ
Win = 385 KJ

10. A Carnot heat pump uses thermal reservoirs at -27˚C and 57˚C. How much power
does this pump consume to produce a 100 KW heating effect?
GIVEN:
Qout = 100 KW
TL = 27˚C
TH = 57˚C
REQUIRED:
Power (W)
SOLUTION:
W = Qout – Qin
➢ Solving for Qin
TL 27+273 K
Qin = Qout (TH) = 100 KW ( 57+273 K ) = 90.90909091 KW

W = 100 KW - 90.90909091 KW
W = 9.090909091 KW

11. A manufacturer claims that it has a COP of 1.4 when cooling food at 7 0C using
ambient air at 230C as a heat sink. Is his claim valid?

Given:

TL = 70C+273 = 280K
 Th = 230C+273 = 296K

Required:

Validity of claim

Solution:

COP max= TL/(Th-TL)

COP max = 280 K / (296-280) K

COP max = 17.5

Since the manufacturer’s claim, 1.4 is less than the maximum COP,

Then, the claim is valid

12. A reverse Carnot cycle is used for cooling. The input work is 12 KW, while the COP
is 3.8. Calculate the refrigerating effect in tons of refrigeration.

Given:

𝑊𝑘 = 12 KW

COP = 3.8

Solution:

𝑅𝐸
COP = 𝑊
𝑘

𝑅𝐸
3.8 = 1 𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
(12𝐾𝑊)( )
3.516 𝐾𝑊

RE = 12.96928328 ton of refrigeration

13. Consider a refrigeration whose 40 Watts light bulb remains on continuously as a

result of a malfunction of the switch. If the refrigeration has a COP of 1.5 and the cost of
electricity is 10cents per KW-HR, determine the increase in the energy consumption of
the refrigerators and its cost per year if the switch is not fixed.

Given:

RE = 40 W

COP = 1.5

Cost/kWh = 10 cents/kWh

Required:

Cost per year

Solution:

𝑅𝐸
COP = 𝑊𝑘

40 𝑊
1.5 = 𝑊𝑘

Wk = 26.6666667 W

Wtotal = 40 W + 26.6666667 W

1 𝑘𝑊
Wtotal = 66.6666667 W (1000 𝑊)

Wtotal = 0.0666666667 kW (8760 hours/year)

Wtotal = 584 kWh per year

Cost = Wtotal * (cost/kWh)

10 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 1 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜
Cost = 584 kWh per year ( ) (100 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠)
𝑘𝑊ℎ

Cost = 58.4 Pesos

14. A Freon – 12 refrigeration plant is to have a capacity of 60 tons when operating on

the refrigerant rating cycle. For this ideal plant cycle, determine the following:
 Refrigerant Effect, Btu/lb

Given: C = 60 tons = 12000BTU/hr x 60 =720000BTU/hr

Required: RE

Solution:

C = QRE

60 tons = 200.26 lb/ min (RE)

12000BTU/min = 200.26lb/min (RE)

RE = 54.48 BTU/lb

15. rate of Freon – 12 circulated, lb/min

Given:

Capacity = 60 tons

Required:

Freon – 12 circulated, lb/min

Solution:

60 tons x (200 BTU/min / 1 ton) = 12000 BTU/min

Q = Cap / refrigerant effect

Q= 12000 BTU/min / 54.48 BTU/lb = 220.26 lb/min

Q = 220.26 lb/min

16.) Net work required per pound of Freon-12 circulated, BTU/lb

Given :
Freon-12
Refrigerant effect = 54,48 BTU/lb
From steam tables : h1 =330.9, h2 = 341.995823
Required :
Net work (𝑊𝑘 )
Solution :
𝑊𝑘 = h2 – h1
𝑊𝑘 = 341.995823 - 330.9
𝑾𝒌 = 11.09 BTU/lb

17.) Coefficient of Performance :

Given :
Freon-12
Refrigerant effect = 54.48 Btu/lb
𝑊𝑘 = 11.09 BTU/lb
Required :
Coefficient of Performance (COP)
Solition
𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡
COP = 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑛𝑒𝑡
54.48 𝐵𝑇𝑈/𝑙𝑏
COP = 11.09 𝐵𝑇𝑈/𝑙𝑏

COP = 4.912533814

18.) power required per tons of refrigeration, hp/ton

Given :
Freon-12
Refrigerant effect = 54.48 Btu/lb
𝑊𝑘 = 11.09 BTU/lb
COP = 4.912533814
QR = 253.9387 KW
QA = 210.96 KW
Required :
Power per tons of refrigeration
Solution :
1 𝐻𝑝
P = QR - QA = (253.9387 − 210.96)𝐾𝑊 𝑥 0.746 𝐾𝑊
57.61 𝐻𝑝
P= 60 𝑇𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝑯𝒑
P = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔 𝑻𝒐𝒏𝒔

19.) Heat rejected by the condenser, BTU/ min.

Given :
Freon-12
Refrigerant effect = 54,48 BTU/lb
m = 220.26 lb/min
𝑊𝑘 = 11.09 BTU/lb
From steam tables : h2 = 341.995823, h3 = 276.42
Required :
Heat Rejected (QR)
Solution :
QR = m (h2- h3)
QR = 220.26 lb/min x ( 341.995823 BTU/lb - 276.42 BTU/lb)
QR = 14 442. 4482 BTU/min

20.) compressor piston displacement, ft3/min, tons of refrigeration

Given :
Freon-12
Hg @ -15 ˚C = 346 kj/kg
Hg @ 30˚C = 338.9 kj/kg
M=1.668352734 kg/s
Required : Work of compressor (tons of refrigeration)
Solution :
Wc = m (h2- h1)
Wc = 1.66 kg/s (346- 338.9)kj/kg=11.84530441 Kw/3.516Kw
Wc = 3.368971676 tons of refrigeration

21. A household refrigerator that has a power input of 450 watts and a COP of 2.5 is to
cool six large watermelon, 12 kg each to 8 oC. If the watermelons are initially at 20 oC,
determine how long will it take for the refrigerator to cool them. The watermelons can be
treated as water whose specific heat is 4.2 KJ/kgoK.
COP = 2.5 m = 12 kg tf = 20 oC
Wk = 450 watts ti = 8 oC Cp = 4.2 KJ/kgoK
Required: Time,t
Solution:
𝑅𝐸 𝑅𝐸
COP = 𝑊𝑘 ; 2.5 = 450
RE = 1125 watts or 1.125 KW
RE = mCp∆t
1.125 KW =[6(12kg)(4.2 KJ/kgoK)(20oC - 8 oC)]/t
t = 3628.8KJ/(1.125KJ/s)
t = 3225.6 s

22. When a man returns to his wall-seated house on a summer day, he finds that house
is at 32C. He returns on the air conditioned which cools the entire house to 20 C in 20
minutes. If COP is 2.7, determine the power drawn by the air-conditioner. Assume the
entire mass within the house is 800 kg of air for which Cv=0.72, Cp=1.0 KJ/kg K.
Given:
Th=32 C
 Tf=20 C
Time=20 min
COP=2.7
m=800 kg
Cv=0.72 KJ/kg K
Cp=1.0 KJ/kg K
Solution:
QL=mCv(Th- Tf)
QL=(800kg)(0.72 KJ/kg K )(32- 20)K
QL=6912KJ
W=QL/COP
W=6912KJ/2.7
W=2560KJ
P=W/time
P=2560KJ/(20min x 60 sec/min)
P=2.133333333KW

23. A Carnot refrigeration operates in a room which temperature is 25°C and consumes
3 KW of power when operating. If the food compartment of the refrigerator is to be
maintained at 3°C, determine the rate of heat removal from the food compartment.
Given:
TH = 25°C
TL = 3°C
P = 3 KW
Solution:
1
𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
(𝑇𝐻 /𝑇𝐿 ) − 1
1
𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
25 + 273
3 + 273 − 1
 𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 12. 54545455

𝑄 = 𝐶𝑂𝑃 𝑥 𝑃
𝑄 = 12.54545455 𝑥 3 𝐾𝑊
𝐾𝐽 60𝑠
𝑄 = 37.63636364 ( )
𝑠 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑸 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓𝟖. 𝟏𝟖𝟏𝟖𝟏𝟖 𝑲𝑱/𝒎𝒊𝒏

24. A household refrigerator with EERof 10 removes heat from refrigerated space at rate of 100kJ/min.
Determine the rate of heat transfer to the kitchen air.

Given:

EER = 10

Qa = 100kJ/min

Required:

Heat Rejected

Solution:
𝐸𝐸𝑅
𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
3.412
10
𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
3.412
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 2.930832356
𝑄𝑎 𝑄𝑎
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = =
𝑊𝑐 𝑄𝑟 − 𝑄𝑎
100
2.930832356 =
𝑄𝑟 − 100
𝑘𝐽
𝑄𝑟 = 134.12
𝑚𝑖𝑛

25. A house that was heated by electric resistance heaters consumed 1300KWh of electric energy
in a winter month. If this house were heated instead by a heat pump that has an average
performance factor, PF of 2.5, determine how much money the homeowner would be saved that
month. Assume a price of 0.0905$/KWh for electricity.
GIVEN:

` Heater Consumed = 1300KWh

COP = 2.5

Cost = 0.0905$/KWh

REQUIRED:

money that homeowner would be saved that month, $

SOLUTION:

 Q 
MoneySaved = Cost  Q H − H 
 COP 
$  1300 KWh 
MoneySaved = 0.0905 1300 KWh − 
KWh  2.5 
MoneySaved = $70.59

SITUATIONAL PROBLEM

A refrigeration system operated in an air compression refrigeration system at 100psia in

the brine tank and an allowable air temperature increase of 65F. The temperature is

80deF entering the expansion cylinder and 16degF entering the compression cylinder,

calculate the following:

Given: P = 1000psia
deltaT = 65degF
T3 = 80degF
T1 = 16degF

26. Required: coefficient of performance

Solution:
COP = (65 – 16) ̊ F/ (80 – 65) ̊ F
COP = 3.266666667

27. Required: mass of air circulated per ton of refrigeration, lb/min-ton

Solution:
𝑚𝑎 3.516 3.516 3.516
= = =
𝑡𝑜𝑛 ∆ℎ 𝐶𝑝∆𝑇 ( 1𝐾𝐽 )(65℉)(5)
𝑘𝑔𝐾 9
0.09736615385𝑘𝑔 2.2𝑙𝑏 60𝑠
𝑚𝑎 ( sec )( )(
1𝑘𝑔 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
)
=
𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑛
𝟏𝟐. 𝟖𝟓𝟐𝟑𝟑𝟐𝟑𝟏𝒍𝒃
𝒎𝒂 =
𝒎𝒊𝒏 − 𝒕𝒐𝒏

28. Required piston displacement of the compressor cylinder, neglecting volumetric efficiency,
𝑓𝑡 3
ton.
𝑚𝑖𝑛

GIVEN: P= 100 psia

T= 65 F
Te= 80 F
Te= 16 F
SOLUTION:
𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝑓𝑡3
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 ( ) 𝑥 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟 ( )
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑏
Compressor Displacement= 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 ( )
𝑙𝑏

𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑚𝑖𝑛) = mrefrigerant, lb/min x Net refrigerating effect

= 12.82 lb,min x 41.5

𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑚𝑖𝑛) = 532.03 Btu/min

Volume of Gas = 2.542121685 ft3/ min

532.03 𝐵𝑡𝑢,min 𝑥 2.542121685 𝑓𝑡 3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛
Compressor Displacement= 41.5 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑙𝑏

𝒇𝒕𝟑
Compressor Displacement= 𝟑𝟐. 𝟓𝟗 , 𝒎𝒊𝒏 ton
29. A Freon-22 air conditioning under standard operating conditions of 35degC
condensing and 5degC evaporating temperatures. The volume flow rate entering the
compressor is 25L/s. Determine the refrigerating capacity if the refrigerating effect is
164KJ/kg. From the table for R22 the specific volume at the compressor entrance is
42L/kg.
Given:
RE = 164 kJ/kg = h1-h4
Ṿ = 25 L/s
ṿ = 42 L/kg
Required:
Refrigerating Capacity, QA
Solution:
QA = m (h1-h4)/3.516
m = Ṿ/ ṿ = 25/42 kg/s
m = 0.5952380952 kg/s
QA = [(0.5952380952 kg/s)(164 kJ/kg)] / 3.516
QA = 27.76423425 TR

30. A refrigeration system consumed 30,800 kw-hr per month of energy. There are 20%
of energy is lost due to cooling system of compressor and motor efficiency is 90%. If the
COP of the system is 6, find the tons of refrigeration of the system.
Given:
Wk = 30,800 kw-hr per month
20% energy lost
Motor efficiency = 90%
Required:
Refrigerating effect
Solution:
COP = RE / Wk
 1 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ 1 𝑑𝑎𝑦
Wk = 30,800 kw-hr per month x 𝑥
30 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 24 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

Wk = (42.77777778 - 0.2(42.77777778))(.9) kw
Wk = 30.8 kw
𝑅𝐸
6 = 𝑊𝑘
1 𝑇𝑅
RE = 30.8(6)𝑥 3.516 𝐾𝑤

RE = 52.55972696 TR

31. A refrigeration system is to be used d to cool 45,000 kg of water from 29⁰C to 8⁰C in
hours. The refrigerant is ammonia and the operating conditions are 626 Kpa evaporating
pressure and 1737 Kpa liquefaction pressure. Determine the quantity of cooling water in
the condenser for an increase in temperature of 10⁰C. Enthalpy at condenser
entrance=1650 and exit=410.4 KJkg. Evaporator entrance=410.4, exit=1471.6 kJ/kg.
GIVEN:
m = 45,000 kg
T1 = 29 ⁰C
T2 = 8 ⁰C
t = 8 hrs
h1 = 1471.6 kj / kg
h2 = 1650 kj / kg
h3 = 410.4 kj / kg
h4 = 410.4 kj / kg
Temperature rise = 10 ⁰C

REQUIRED:
Volume Rate of Cooling Water
SOLUTION:
RE = mCp(t2-t1)
45,000 kg 4.187 kj
RE = ( )( ) (302-281)K
8 x 3600 sec kg−K
RE = 137.3859375 kw

h1−h4 1471.6−410.4
COP = =
h2−h1 1650−1471.6

COP = 5.948430493

RE 137.3859375 kw
COP = ; 5.948430493 =
Compressor Power Compressor Power

Wc = 23.0961659 kw
 Heat Rejected = RE + Compressor Power = mCp ΔT
137.3859375 kw + 23.0961659 kw = m (4.187 kj/kg) (10)

m = 3.832866095 kg/s

32. A 60 tons refrigeration system has a COP of 4.5. Find the gallons per minute of cooling
water required in the condenser for the temperature rise of 12⁰C.

GIVEN:
RE = 60TOR
ΔT = 12C
COP = 4.5
REQUIRED:
Volume Rate
SOLUTION:
RE = 60 TOR (3.516 KW/ 1 TOR)
RE = 210.96 KW
RE
COP =
Compressor Power
210.96 KW
4.5 =
Compressor Power
Compressor Power = 46.88 KW
Heat Rejected = RE + Compressor Power = mCp ΔT
210.96 KW + 46.88 KW = m(4.187 KJ/KgC)(12 C)
m = 5.1317570 m/s equivalent to 5.1317570 L/s = v
v = 5.1317570 L/s ( 1 Gal/3.785 Li)(60 s/ 1 min)

v = 81.34885642 GPM

33. A vapor compression cycle is designed to have a capacity of 90 tons of refrigeration.

It produces chilled water from 25⁰c to 2⁰C. Its coefficient of performance is 5 and 30% of
the power supplied is lost. Determine the size of electric motor required to drive the
compressor in kW.

GIVEN:
Capacity = 90TOR
T1 = 25C
T2 = 2C
COP = 5
Power lost = 30%
REQUIRED:
Motor Rating
SOLUTION:
RE = 90 TOR (3.516 KW/ 1 TOR)
 RE = 316.44 KW
RE
COP =
Compressor Power
316.44 KW
5=
Compressor Power
Compressor Power = 63.288 KW
Compressor Efficiency = 1-0.30
Compressor Efficiency = 0.7
Compressor Power
Motor Rating =
Compressor Efficiency
63.288 KW
Motor Rating =
0.7

MOTOR RATING = 90. 41142857 kW

SITUATIONAL PROBLEM

A refrigeration system operated in an air compression refrigeration system at 100psia in

the brine tank and an allowable air temperature increase of 65F. The temperature is

80deF entering the expansion cylinder and 16degF entering the compression cylinder,

calculate the following:

Given: P = 1000psia
deltaT = 65degF
T3 = 80degF
T1 = 16degF

34. Required: coefficient of performance

Solution:
COP = (65 – 16) ̊ F/ (80 – 65) ̊ F
COP = 3.266666667

35. Required: mass of air circulated per ton of refrigeration, lb/min-ton

Solution:
𝑚𝑎 3.516 3.516 3.516
= = =
𝑡𝑜𝑛 ∆ℎ 𝐶𝑝∆𝑇 ( 1𝐾𝐽 )(65℉)(5)
𝑘𝑔𝐾 9
0.09736615385𝑘𝑔 2.2𝑙𝑏 60𝑠
𝑚𝑎 ( sec )( )(
1𝑘𝑔 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
)
=
𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑛
12.85233231lb
ma=
min-ton

36. Required piston displacement of the compressor cylinder, neglecting volumetric efficiency,
𝑓𝑡 3
ton.
𝑚𝑖𝑛

GIVEN: P= 100 psia

T= 65 F
Te= 80 F
Te= 16 F
REQUIRED: See No. 36
SOLUTION:
𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝑓𝑡3
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 ( ) 𝑥 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟 ( )
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑏
Compressor Displacement= 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 ( )
𝑙𝑏

𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑚𝑖𝑛) = mrefrigerant, lb/min x Net refrigerating effect

= 12.82 lb,min x 41.5

𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 ( ) = 532.03 Btu/min
𝑚𝑖𝑛

Volume of Gas = 2.542121685 ft3/ min

532.03 𝐵𝑡𝑢,min 𝑥 2.542121685 𝑓𝑡 3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛
Compressor Displacement= 41.5 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑙𝑏

𝒇𝒕𝟑
Compressor Displacement= 𝟑𝟐. 𝟓𝟗 , 𝒎𝒊𝒏 ton
37. A reverse Carnot cycle that operates between -2C and 50C needs 45kW compressor power.
Find the tons of refrigeration system needed.
GIVEN:
T1= -2C Compressor Power= 45kW
T2= 50C
REQUIRED:
TR, tons of refrigeration
SOLUTION:
𝑇1 𝑅𝐸
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 𝐶𝑂𝑃 = ;
𝑇2−𝑇1 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

(−2+273)
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = (50+273)−(−2+273)
𝑅𝐸 = 5.211538462 (45kW)

COP = 5.211538462 RE = 234.5192308 kW

𝑅𝐸
𝑇𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 3.516

234.5192308 kW
𝑇𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 3.516 𝑘𝑊

𝑻𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑹𝒆𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟕𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟕𝟕𝟓𝟖

38. An ammonia compressor operates at an evaporator pressure of 316kPa and a condenser

pressure of 1514.2 kPa. The refrigerant is subcooled by 5C and is superheated by 8C for an
evaporator load of 85kW, determine the quantity of cooling water in the condenser if the
increase in temperature of water is 6C. Condenser entrance = 361.2 kJ/kg. Evaporator entrance
= 361.2, exit = 1472kJ/kg.
GIVEN:
P1 = 1514.2 kPa
P3 = 316 kPa
˚SC = 5˚C
˚SH = 8˚C
Pevap = 85 kW
H1 = 361.2 kJ/kg
H2 = 361.2 kJ/kg
H3 = 1472 kJ/kg
H4 = 1715 kJ/kg
REQUIRED: mass of cooling water
SOLUTION:
𝑄𝑟 = 𝑚(ℎ2 − ℎ3)
𝑚(ℎ2−ℎ3)
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑚𝑤) = 𝐶𝑝(𝑡2−𝑡1)

𝑄𝑟
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑚𝑤) = 𝐶𝑝(𝑡2−𝑡1)

85 𝑘𝑊 3600 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑚𝑤) = 𝑘𝐽 𝑥
4.187 (6˚C) 1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
𝑘𝑔.𝐾

𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 (𝒎𝒘) = 𝟏𝟒𝟖𝟒𝟓.2215682394 kg / hr

39. A refrigeration compressor has a volume flow of 0.15 m3/s. the percentage clearance is 8%
and has a compression ratio of 6. The bore and stroke are equal running at 360rpm. Find the
bore of the compressor.
GIVEN:
V1= 0.15m3/s
c = 8%
rk = 6
N = 360rpm
REQUIRED:
B=S=?
SOLUTION:
ev = 1 + c – c(v1/v2)
= 1 + 0.08 – (0.08)(6)
= 0.6
ev = v1 / vd ; VD = V1/ ev
VD = 0.15/0.6 = 0.25
VD = (pi/4)(B3)N
0.25 = (pi/4)(B3)(360rpm/60s)
B = 0.37575m = 375.75mm = S

40. An ammonia refrigeration system operates at 316kPa pressure evaporator and 1514.2 kPa
condenser pressure. Find the friction of water evaporized. Condenser exit = 362 kJ/kg.
Evaporator at 310 kPa hf = 163; hg = 1127 kJ/kg.
GIVEN:
Pevap = 316kPa
Pevap = 1514.2 kPa
Condenser exit = 362 kJ/kg = h3
hf= 163 kJ/kg
hg = 1127 kJ/kg
REQUIRED:
friction of water evaporized (x)
SOLUTION:
h3 = hf + x(hg - hf)
362 kJ/kg = 163 kJ/kg + x(1127 kJ/kg - 163 kJ/kg)
X = 0.2064315353
X = 20.64315353 %

41. Find the performance factor of a heat pump that operates between 4˚C and 30˚C.
Given:
Tl=4˚C
Th=30˚C
Required:
Performance factor
 Solution:
Performance factor=COP + 1
𝑇𝑙
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝑇ℎ−𝑇𝑙 + 1
30+273 K
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = (30−4)𝐾
+1

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 11.65384615

Situational Problem
A 50 tons capacity Freon-12 refrigerating system has a condenser pressure of 160
psia and the temperature leaving the condenser 116˚F. The pressure leaving the
expansion valve is 44psia, and the temperature leaving the evaporator is 40 ˚F.
Circulating water enters the condenser at the temperature of 90 ˚F and leaves at 118 ˚F.
Determine:
Given:
Capacity= 50tons
Pcondenser = 160psia
Tleavingcondenser = 116 ˚F
Pexpansionvalve = 44psia
Tleavingevaporator = 40 ˚F
Tin at condenser = 90 ˚F
Tout at condenser = 118 ˚F
Required:
▪ mass of Freon-12 circulated, lb/hr
▪ compressor power for isentropic compression, Btu/hr
▪ heat capacity of the system, Btu/hr
▪ mass of water circulated through the condenser and heating
system, lb/hr
Schematic Diagram

Solution:
h1= hg @ 44 pisa = 81.72 BTU/lb
s1=0.16882 BTU/lbR
h2= @s1 and 160 psia = 91.69935074BTU/lb
h3=h4=hf @ 116F = 35.018 BTU/lb

42. mass of Freon-12 circulated, lb/hr

𝑚(ℎ1−ℎ4)
RE= 3.516
3.516 𝑘𝐽/𝑠 1𝐵𝑇𝑈 3600𝑠
50 tons( ∗ 1.055 𝑘𝐽 ∗ )= m(81.72-35.018)BT/lb
1 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 1ℎ𝑟

m= 12844.98 lb/hr

43. compressor power for isentropic compression, Btu/hr

Wc= m(h2-h1)
Wc= 12844.98 lb/hr(91.69935074-81.72)BTU/lb
Wc= 126184.5606 BTU/hr
44. heat capacity of the system, Btu/hr

HC= m(h2-h3)
HC= 12844.98 lb/hr (91.69935074-35.018)BTU/lb

HC= 72870.8166BTU/hr

45. mass of water circulated through the condenser and heating system, lb/hr
HC=Qw
HC=mwCpw(t2-t1)

72870.8166BTU/hr= mw (1BTU/lbR) (118-90)

mw= 26002.52916 lb/hr