HW 5 Soln
HW 5 Soln
HW 5 Soln
Spring 2003
5-62
HW 5: 5-62, 81, 96, 134; 7-29, 40, 42, 67, 71, 106
Page 1 of 7
Heat Pump
Given: A heat pump is used to maintain a house at 23 C. The house loses heat to the outside at a rate
of 60,000 kJ/h, and the house generates 4000 kJ/h of heat. The COP of the heatpump is 2.5.
Find: Required power input to the house.
Solution:
The COP of a heat pump is defined as [what we want]/[what we put in]:
QH
W in
COP =
In this case, the heat pump needs to supply enough heat to the house to keep the house at constant
temperature:
QH = Qlost Qgenerated = 60,000 4000 = 56,000 kJ/h.
W in =
5-81
QH
COP
56 ,000
= 22,400 kJ/h = 6.22 kW.
2.5
Given: A Carnot engine receives 650 kJ of heat from a source and rejects 200 kJ to a sink at 17 C.
Find: a) Temperature of the source, and b) thermal efficiency of the heat engine.
Solution:
a) For a Carnot cycle, QL = T LS and QH = T H S, and we can say that:
TH
Q
Q
650
= H , so the temperature of the source isT H = T L H = 290
= 942.5 K, or 669.5 C.
TL
QL
QL
200
b) The thermal efficiency of a Carnot Engine is given by:
th = 1 T L/T H = 1 (290/942.5) = 0.692, or 69.2 percent.
5-96
Given: A reverse-Carnot cycle air conditioner transfers heat from a house at 750 kJ/min to maintain its
temperature at 20 C. The outside temperature is 35 C.
Find: Power required to operate this air conditioner.
Solution:
The COP for a reverse-Carnot air conditioner is:
COP =
1
1
=
= 19.53
T H T L 1 308 293 1
ES-7A Thermodynamics
Spring 2003
HW 5: 5-62, 81, 96, 134; 7-29, 40, 42, 67, 71, 106
Page 2 of 7
1
1
=
= 6.143
T H T L 1 300 258 1
ES-7A Thermodynamics
Spring 2003
7-29
HW 5: 5-62, 81, 96, 134; 7-29, 40, 42, 67, 71, 106
Page 3 of 7
Exergy of R-134a
Given: Piston/cylinder device with 5 kg of R-134a at 0.8 MPa and 50 C, cooled at constant pressure
until it exists as liquid at 30 C. Surroundings are at 100 kPa and 30 C.
Find: a) exergy of the refrigerant at initial and final states, and b) exergy destroyed during this process.
Solution:
a) The exergy for closed systems, neglecting KE and PE, is:
X = m[u u0 + P0(v v0) T 0(s s0)]
At state 1, we have superheated vapor:
v1 = 0.02846 m3/kg, u1 = 261.62 kJ/kg, h1 = 284.39 kJ/kg, s1 = 0.9711 kJ/kgK.
At state 2, we have saturated liquid at 30 C:
v2 = 0.0008417 m3/kg, u2 = 90.84 kJ/kg, h2 = 91.49 kJ/kg, s2 = 0.3396 kJ/kgK.
At the dead state, we have superheated vapor:
v0 = 0.24216 m3/kg, u0 = 254.54 kJ/kg, s0 = 1.1122 kJ/kgK.
X 1 = m[u1 u0 + P0(v1 v0) T 0(s1 s0)]
= 5[261.62 254.54 + 100(0.02846 0.24216) 303(0.9711 1.1122)] = 142.3 kJ.
X 2 = m[u2 u0 + P0(v2 v0) T 0(s2 s0)]
= 5[90.84 254.54 + 100(0.0008417 0.24216) 303(0.3396 1.1122)] = 231.3 kJ.
b) The exergy destroyed (irreversibility) is:
I = mT0(s2 s1) Q.
From the 1st Law, Q = m(h2 h1) = 5(91.49 284.39) = -964.5 kJ (heat loss).
I = 5(303)(0.3396 0.9711) (-964.5) = 7.8 kJ.
7-40
Exergy of air
Given: An insulated piston/cylinder device with 30 L of air at 120 kPa and 27 C is heated for 5 min by a
50-W resistance heater in a constant pressure process. Th surroundings are at 100 kPa and
27 C.
Find: The exergy destroyed during this process.
Solution:
Using constant specific heat (cp = 1.005 kJ/kgK, cv = 0.718 kJ/kgK, R = 0.287 kJ/kgK):
The mass of the air is: m = P1v1/RT1 = 120(30/1000)/(0.287300) = 0.0418 kg.
Irreversibility is given by:
I = mT0(s2 s1) Q = mT 0 c
ln
T2
T1
R ln
P2
; last term is zero because P1 = P2.
P1
ES-7A Thermodynamics
Spring 2003
7-42
HW 5: 5-62, 81, 96, 134; 7-29, 40, 42, 67, 71, 106
Page 4 of 7
Given: An insulated rigid tank divided into two equal parts by a partition. One part contains 3 kg of
argon gas at 300 kPa and 70 C, and the other part is evacuated. The partition is removed, and
the gas fills the entire tank. The surroundings are at 25 C.
Find: Exergy destroyed during this process.
Solution:
Using constant specific heat (cp = 0.5203 kJ/kgK, cv = 0.3122 kJ/kgK, R = 0.2081 kJ/kgK):
Since the tank is insulated, there is no heat loss during the process:
Q = 0 = m cv (T 2 T 1) + W T 2 = T 1 since W = 0.
Irreversibility is given by:
T
V
I = mT0(s2 s1) Q = mT 0 c v ln 2 + R ln 2 ; Q = 0 since the tank is insulated.
T1
V1
V
I = mT 0 R ln 2
V1
2
= 3(298 ) 0.2081 ln = 128.95 kJ.
ES-7A Thermodynamics
Spring 2003
7-67
HW 5: 5-62, 81, 96, 134; 7-29, 40, 42, 67, 71, 106
Page 5 of 7
Given: Argon gas enters an adiabatic compressor at 120 kPa and 30 C with a velocity of 20 m/s and
leaves at 1.2 MPa and 530 C, with velocity of 80 m/s. The inlet area is 130 cm2. The
surroundings are at 25 C.
Find: a) Reversible power input, and b) exergy destroyed.
Solution:
Using constant specific heat (cp = 0.5203 kJ/kgK, cv = 0.3122 kJ/kgK, R = 0.2081 kJ/kgK):
a) The reversible power input is the difference in exergy between exit and inlet:
V 2
X& = m& h h 0 +
T 0 (s s 0 ) , so X&2 X&1 is:
2
V 2 V 12
W& rev = m& h 2 h 1 + 2
T 0 (s 2 s 1 )
2
V 2 V 12
T
P
= m& c p (T 2 T 1 ) + 2
T 0 c p ln 2 R ln 2
2
T1
P1
20 130
1
10000
0.5255
= 0.4948 kg/s
80 2 20 2
803
1200
T
P
I& = m& T 0 (s 2 s 1 ) = m& T 0 c p ln 2 R ln 2
T
P1
1
803
1200
= 126.14 kW
ES-7A Thermodynamics
Spring 2003
7-71
HW 5: 5-62, 81, 96, 134; 7-29, 40, 42, 67, 71, 106
Page 6 of 7
Steam in nozzle
Given: Steam enters an adiabatic nozzle at 7 MPa and 500 C with a velocity of 70 m/s, and exits at 5
MPa and 450 C. The surroundings are at 25 C.
Find: a) Exit velocity, b) isentropic efficiency, and c) exergy destroyed.
Solution:
a) The properties of steam at the entrance are: h1 = 3410.3 kJ/kg, s1 = 6.7975 kJ/kgK.
The properties at the exit are: h2 = 3316.2 kJ/kg, s2 = 6.8186 kJ/kgK.
The exit velocity is found from the First Law:
q = 0 = h 2 h1 +
V 22 V 12
2
ES-7A Thermodynamics
Spring 2003
HW 5: 5-62, 81, 96, 134; 7-29, 40, 42, 67, 71, 106
Page 7 of 7
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