NFC For Embedded Applications: Your Critical Link For The Internet of Things
NFC For Embedded Applications: Your Critical Link For The Internet of Things
NFC For Embedded Applications: Your Critical Link For The Internet of Things
applications
Your critical link for the Internet of Things
NFC—your critical link for the
Internet of Things
Cloud-based applications
Home automation
Mobile banking
Tap your phone to
Social networks
adjust settings for
Authentication
commissioning
App stores analytics
Appliances
Smart meters
Tap your phone for
Tap your phone to read
service diagnostics
out consumption data
or settings
Healthcare
Consumer electronics
Tap your phone to
Tap your phone to pair
read and upload
BT, WiFi, or stream media
vital measurements
Experts predict an explosion of connected to provide zero power operation and maximize
“things” to occur over the next few years. privacy, both at a very low cost.
As more things get connected, concerns
over data privacy and security will escalate. Privacy
Utilizing Near Field Communication (NFC) as a NFC by design has a limited field of operation,
communication method can help address some which prevents data snooping that could occur
of these concerns. from a distance. It also requires intent—the
application of an NFC-enabled device to
NFC is the critical link an NFC-enabled object—in order to read
According to market research, soon more users its memory. This approach is in contrast to
will access the Internet wirelessly via mobile protocols such as WiFi, which require radios to
devices than from wired Ethernet connections. broadcast information regardless of intent. The
These mobile devices offer several different limited field plus other features of the protocol
wireless connectivity options, each with their help to ensure that data exchange only occurs
different strengths and capabilities. But only with the intended party.
NFC is specifically designed and engineered
Network topology
Star Mesh Point-to-point Point-to-point
Range
30-100 m 10-20 m 10 m < 0.1 m
Discovery
Broadcast Broadcast Broadcast Response to field
Privacy
Low Mid Mid High
Read/Write mode
In Read/Write mode, an NFC
reader/writer (or NFC-enabled
mobile phone acting as a traditional
contactless reader/writer) reads data
from NFC-enabled smart objects
and acts upon that information.
With an NFC-enabled phone, for
example, users can automatically
connect to websites via a retrieved
N FC Pee
ee
la
-P
u
rm Em
ode N F C C a rd
I2C
NFC-
enabled NFC I2C 0 1 0 1 0
Memory
device Interface Interface
Microcontroller
Field detect
Control
HOW IT WORKS
Internet
NEXT
OTHER SETTINGS
Microcontroller
SIGNAL SETTINGS
The NTAG I²C tag IC The NFC tag IC can A user’s NFC-enabled mobile device
connects to the product’s be a self-contained connects to the product via the NFC
microcontroller via the I²C module or integrated interface, using the NTAG I²C as the
serial bus interface into the PCB communication conduit
Thermostat Control
Thermostat controller interfaces in commercial settings represent a
facilities challenge. To conserve energy and support greater efficiency,
most facility managers prefer to keep temperatures within a common,
narrow range. Yet sometimes certain rooms are too hot or too cold
for comfort. Plus, controls can be confusing, hard to see, difficult to
manipulate, or caged behind a mechanical lock box. With an embedded
NFC connected tag chip, the control interface becomes a sleek unit with
an easy-to-read temperature display. Users tap their NFC-enabled mobile
devices to the surface and use the graphical interface for temperature
adjustments, daily schedule control, or other extended feature access.
Administrative access to
electronic devices
Embedding an NFC connected tag chip into
electronic products facilitates controlled access.
Users with an NFC-enabled mobile device
initiate communication via the NFC interface.
Microcontroller software limits access to those with
appropriate credentials.
Benefits
4 Removes the cost of external access control
measures, such as mechanical enclosures
Adds convenience, especially when combined
4
with the extended graphical user interface
Figure 3. Controlled access to thermostat settings
available on any NFC-enabled mobile device
Simplifies product design (eliminates need for
4
external buttons and dials)
Increases access flexibility (remotely granted
4
access possible)
Enhances security (unauthorized control of
4
products not as accessible)
Self-serve maintenance
When an embedded system includes an NFC-
connected tag, the system controller can use the
internal, nonvolatile memory of the tag to store
data such as error codes, serial and model numbers,
and warranty information. Power to the electronic
product is not necessary in order to retrieve
data from the tag memory via an NFC-enabled
mobile device. Links stored in memory can even
launch instructional videos on a mobile device for
enhanced consumer convenience.
Benefits
4 Saves time and money
Figure 4. Appliance error code can send user to a Web site for additional
4 Adds convenience, as consumers have greater
information
control at their fingertips
4 Reduces new product paper documentation,
creating a more ecologically friendly approach
Cloud-enabled applications on the mobile device
4
provide context-specific information in response
to the information retrieved from the tag
Enhances security (have to be within a limited
4
range to retrieve information)
Benefits
4 Adds convenience, as consumers don’t need
cables, disks, or other means of data transfer
4 Saves bill of material costs for those products
that wouldn’t normally require a WiFi or
Bluetooth interface for their typical operation
Simplifies designs and improves their aesthetics,
4 Figure 5. An NFC-enabled device facilitates appliance firmware updates and
data delivery
because external connectors are unnecessary
Increases access flexibility (the contactless
4
interface supports sealed designs)
Enhances security (have to be within a limited
4
proximity to download information)
Warranty registration
Including an NFC connected tag chip in a product 1 Appliance data
Model and serial
facilitates quick warranty registration through a numbers stored in
NFC tag memory
are uploaded to
consumer’s NFC-enabled phone, where contact the phone
Benefits
4 Increases likelihood of consumers completing
4 Update and reward
Once registration is
warranty registration, now estimated at about acknowledged, data
is written to the Manufacturer’s
25-30% return rate appliance tag. The
manufacturer can
Web site
HOW IT WORKS
Node Node
A B
Network
Connection
Credentials
passed via NFC
An NFC-enabled device
Node can be both a network
A credential manager and
its own network node
Network
Connection
Bluetooth pairing
Including NFC capability in Bluetooth designs
brings tremendous convenience to consumers by
localizing the Bluetooth passcode management
function into an NFC-enabled reader/writer.
Benefits
4 Eliminates the typical pairing steps of searching
for Bluetooth devices, manually adding the
device once found, and entering passcodes
4 Enhances the customer experience
4 Auto power up from deep sleep
4 Offers increased security (NFC proximity for
commissioning versus longer range wireless
protocols) Figure 7. One-tap from an NFC-enabled device simplifies Bluetooth pairing
WiFi pairing
Rather than typing in passwords, providing credentials
to enable access to a secured WiFi network is as easy
as tapping an NFC-enabled device to the router.
Transfer of credentials for network extenders requires
only one tap against the router to retrieve, and one
tap against an extender to program.
Benefits
4 NFC-enabled devices connect by one-tap
against the router
4 Offers increased security (NFC proximity versus
longer range wireless credential broadcast
protocols)
4 Provides consumer convenience Figure 8. An NFC-enabled device passes network credentials to WiFi routers
Benefits
4 Fast, accurate commissioning saves time
Convenience to consumer is a key selling point
4
HOW IT WORKS
Benefits Benefits
4 Provides a cost efficient means of deterring 4 Fewer PCB versions lowers manufacturing cost
counterfeiting, grey market diversion, and 4 Increases flexibility, because configuration can
distribution channel theft occur at any point in the manufacturing and
4 Protects brands by decreasing chances of distribution channel
consumers unwittingly buying counterfeit goods 4 Reduces retail inventory by enabling last minute,
4 Reduces fraudulent returns to the manufacturer in-the-box product configuration changes
When a consumer product has replenishment Vacuum cleaner bags and filters
4
needs, a consumer might not know exactly which Carpet cleaner machine solution
4
type to purchase or where to find authentic
replacements. But when that product contains an Benefits
NFC tag, a brief pass of their NFC-enabled device 4 The consumer can easily retrieve the correct
over the product can initiate a purchasing cycle for replenishment part information
authentic products, and offer a variety of sites from Retrieval of this information initiates a set of
4
which to purchase the goods. An NFC-enabled purchasing options for the consumer, and sales
product can also optimize product operation upon opportunities for authentic replacement part
detection of an authentic part. manufacturers, by directing the consumer to
authentic, pre-approved sponsor URL links
Application examples These vendors can also offer incentive coupons
4
Refrigerator water filters
4 to consumers via the same interaction
Furnace filters
4 Manufacturers increase their revenue stream
4
Automatic coffee machine filters
4 from consumable parts
Printer ink cartridges
4 An NFC reader within the product can help notify
4
Espresso machine cleaning products
4 consumers of expired consumables and optimize
Pet products (vitamins, pest control, etc.)
4 product operation when authentic parts are used
HOW IT WORKS
An NFC tag designed Consumer taps the product Online ordering is made The authorized
into the product to retrieve consumable part simple as only authorized replacement part
provides part number information and is directed parts are listed. arrives on the
information, as well as to an online source. customer’s doorstep.
websites for ordering
replenishments.
NXP offers a comprehensive portfolio of NXP tag NXP’s NTAG 21xF series supports these uses and more.
ICs covering a broad range of use cases, such as The NTAG 21xF series, available in a packaged form
pairing, personalization, user interface, maintenance, compatible with printed circuit board assembly, provides
authentication, payment, and more. support for gaming, goods and device authentication,
Bluetooth/WiFi static pairing, connection handovers, and
Table 2 NFC connected NTAG tag family features other embedded electronics applications.
Feature NTAG 213F/216F NTAG I C 2
Memory (bytes) 144/888 1K/2K NTAG I2C: NFC, field detect, power harvest, and
Power harvesting 3 I2C serial bus
Bi-directional I2C interface 3 NTAG I²C tag chips have an additional I²C serial bus
Field detect 3 3 connection, which further enhances and expands
Unique ID 3 3 applicable uses. NXP Semiconductors, when still part of
Originality signature 3
Philips, invented the now ubiquitous I²C serial bus—a
simple, yet elegant means of communicating between
NFC Counter 3
electronic devices with minimal physical traces.
Standard ISO/IEC 14443A, Type 2
RF baud rate 106 k bits/s
The NFC contactless interface, combined with the
Unique ID 7 bytes
I²C serial bus connected interface, enables wireless
I2C speed N/A 100/400 kHz
bidirectional communication between electronics and
HXSON4, XQFN8,
Packaging NFC-enabled devices, even when the electronic device is
1.5x2x0.5 mm 1.6x1.6x0.5 mm
not powered. In order to make full use of the I²C serial bus
interface, the electronic printed circuit board (PCB) usually
NTAG 21xF: NFC plus field detect tag chips
incorporates the NFC tag. The I²C serial bus interface
The NTAG 21xF series, which includes a field detect output
supports communication with the host PCB microcontroller
trigger that can act as an electronic product wake-up
if the NTAG I²C has an external power supply or when
interrupt, builds upon the NTAG 21x series. Typical NFC
using the power harvesting feature.
applications include data exchange, wireless connection,
pairing, and proximity device communication convenience.
I2C
0 1 0 1 0
EEPROM Microcontroller
EEPROM Microcontroller
Figure 10. NTAG 21xF tag chip series includes field detect output Figure 11. NTAG I²C tag chip with field detect and I²C serial bus interface
VCC
NFC
I/F
Analog EH
logic
SRAM
NFC- Microcontroller
enabled NFC
device
FD
I 2C
GND
Figure 12. NTAG I²C tag chip dual interfaces support data transfer with or without power
VCC
NFC
I/F
Analog EH
logic
EEPROM
I 2C
GND
Figure 13. NTAG I²C tag chip SRAM enables data pass-through mode and acts as a modem
Benefits
4 Enables waterproofing of devices by alleviating the need for connectors
4 Permits power transfer in cases where physical connection is difficult (for example, through glass)
4 Eliminates the need for easily misplaced wires or cables
External
supply
VCC
PMU
2 2 VCC
Power
Interrupt
harvest
VCC
1
VOUT
LA SCL
NTAG I2C 3 I 2C Microcontroller
LB SDA
1 Open drain
FD
Figure 14. NTAG I²C tag chip field detect and power harvesting block diagram
Up to 2 V
(10 mA)
NFC
DEVICE
NTAG I2C
The NTAG I²C power management/energy Additional power harvested, over that
harvesting circuitry harvests power from needed for its own operation, can supply
the RF field of an NFC reader to power its other circuitry or trickle charge small
own operation. batteries.
Figure 15. Unused energy from the NFC active device can power additional circuitry
To demonstrate the unique properties of the NTAG I2C tag NXP’s NFC Explorer Kit supports interactive demonstrations and
chip, NXP developed the NFC Explorer Kit, an all-in-one enables exploration of all NTAG I2C tag chip capabilities for both
demonstration/development resource for NFC connected tag the hardware and the application developer.
chips. By including a full complement of hardware and software
tools, users can not only investigate the capabilities of the chip Optionally, the addition of the LPC-Link2 Debugger probe kit
through the various demonstrations, but also develop and test allows easy debugging of code ported directly into the NTAG I2C
their own applications. Explorer board, facilitating custom applications.