Chapter 1 - Living in A Network Centric World: CCNA Exploration 4.0

Chapter 1 - Living in
a Network Centric World

CCNA Exploration 4.0
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com
Objectives
Describe how networks impact our daily lives.
Describe the role of data networking in the human network.
Identify the key components of any data network.
Identify the opportunities and challenges posed by
converged networks.
Describe the characteristics of network architectures: fault
tolerance, scalability, quality of service and security.
Install and use IRC clients and a Wikiserver.
Networks Supporting the Way We Live
Early data networks were limited to exchanging character-based
information between connected computer systems.
Current networks have evolved to carry voice, video streams, text, and
graphics between many different types of devices.
The Global Community
The creation of online communities for the exchange of ideas and
information has the potential to increase productivity opportunities
across the globe.
As the Internet connects people and promotes unfettered
communication, it presents the platform on which to run businesses, to
address emergencies, to inform individuals, and to support education,
science, and government.
Play video to watch how the Internet, and its underlying technology,
brings opportunities to people wherever they live or work
Data networks that were once the transport of information
from business to business have been repurposed to
improve the quality of life for people everywhere.
Examples of Todays Popular Communication Tools
The existence and broad adoption of the Internet has ushered in new forms of
communication that empower individuals to create information that can be
accessed by a global audience such as:
Instant Messaging
Weblogs (blogs)
Wikis
Podcasting
Collaboration Tools

Networks Supporting the Way We Learn
Communication, collaboration, and engagement are fundamental building
blocks of education.
Robust and reliable networks support and enrich student learning experiences.
Courses delivered using network or Internet resources are often called online
learning experiences, or e-learning.
Online courses can contain voice, data, and video, and are available to the
students at any time from any place.
Networks Supporting the Way We Learn
Online learning opportunities can decrease time-consuming and costly travel
yet still ensure that all employees are adequately trained to perform their jobs
in a safe and productive manner.
Online courseware and delivery offer many benefits to businesses such as:
Current and accurate training materials.
Availability of training to a wide audience.
Consistent quality of instruction.
Cost reduction.
Networks Supporting the Way We Work
The business networks evolved to enable the transmission of many different
types of information services, including e-mail, video, messaging, and
telephony.
Today, networks provide a greater integration between related functions and
organizations than was possible in the past.
Networks Supporting the Way We Play
Describe ways communication over a network supports the
way we play

What is Communication?
Communication in our daily lives takes many forms and occurs in many
environments.
Before beginning to communicate with each other, we establish rules or
agreements to govern the conversation. These rules, or protocols, must be
followed in order for the message to be successfully delivered and understood.
Among the protocols that govern successful human communication are:
An identified sender and receiver
Agreed upon method of communicating (face-to-face, telephone, letter,
photograph)
Common language and grammar
Speed and timing of delivery
Confirmation or acknowledgement requirements
Quality of Communications
The external factors affecting communication are related to the complexity of
the network and the number of devices a message must pass through on its
route to its final destination.
External factors affecting the success of communication include:
The quality of the pathway between the sender and the recipient
The number of times the message has to change form
The number of times the message has to be redirected or readressed
The number of other messages being transmitted simultaneously on the
communication network
The amount of time allotted for successful communication

Quality of Communications
Internal Factors
Internal factors that interfere with network communication are related to the
nature of the message itself.
Internal factors affecting the successful communication across the network
include:
The size of the message
The complexity of the message
The importance of the message
Communicating over Networks
These data or information networks vary in size and capabilities, but all
networks have four basic elements in common:
Rules or agreements to govern how the messages are sent, directed, received and
interpreted.
The messages or units of information that travel from one device to another
A means of interconnecting these devices - a medium that can transport the
messages from one device to another
Devices on the network that exchange messages with each other
The Elements of a Network
Protocols are the rules that the networked devices use to
communicate with each other.

Converged Networks
Multiple services-multiple networks
Traditional telephone, radio, television, and computer data networks each
have their own individual versions of the four basic network elements.
Converged Networks
Converged networks
Technology advances are enabling us to consolidate these disparate
networks onto one platform - a platform defined as a converged network.

Converged Networks
Intelligent Information Networks: The intelligent communications platform of
tomorrow will offer so much more than basic connectivity and access to
applications.
Not only will voice and video be transmitted over the same network, the
devices that perform the telephone switching and video broadcasting will be
the same devices that route the messages through the network.
The Network Architecture
Networks must support a wide range of applications and services, as well as
operate over many different types of physical infrastructures.
Four basic characteristics that the underlying architectures need to address in
order to meet user expectations: fault tolerance, scalability, quality of service,
and security.
Fault Tolerance

Scalability

Quality of Service (QoS)

Security

A Fault Tolerant Network Architecture
Circuit Switched Connection-oriented Networks

A Fault Tolerant Network Architecture
Packet Switched Connectionless Networks
Utilizing Packets
Packet-switched Connectionless Networks
Connection-oriented Networks

A Scalable Network Architecture
The fact that the Internet is able to expand at the rate that it is, without
seriously impacting the performance experienced by individual users, is a
function of the design of the protocols and underlying technologies on which it
is built.

Providing Quality of Service
Achieving the required Quality of Service (QoS) by managing the delay and
packet loss parameters on a network becomes the secret to a successful end-
to-end application quality solution.
QoS including following technical tasks:
Classification and marking.
Congestion avoidance.
Congestion management.
Traffic conditioning.

Providing Quality of Service
QoS mechanisms enable the establishment of queue management strategies
that enforce priorities for different classifications of application data.
Examples of priority decisions for an organization might include:
Time-sensitive communication.
Non time-sensitive communication.
High importance to organization.
Undesirable communication.
Providing Network Security
Consequences of a network security breach could include:
Network outage that prevents communications and transactions occurring,
with consequent loss of business.
Misdirection and loss of personal or business funds.
Company intellectual property (research ideas, patents or designs) that is
stolen and used by a competitor.
Customer contract details that become known to competitors or made
public, resulting in a loss of market confidence in the business.

Providing Network Security
Security measures taken in a network should:
Prevent unauthorized disclosure or theft of information
Prevent unauthorized modification of information
Prevent Denial of Service
Ensure confidentiality through use of
User authentication
Data encryption
Maintain communication integrity through use of
Digital signatures
Ensure availability through use of
Firewalls
Redundant network
Architecture
Hardware without a
Single point of failure
Networking Career Opportunities
Information Technology and networking careers are growing and evolving as
fast as the underlying technologies and services.
Labs

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