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    Integration Into The Spanish Empire

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    Eys
    The document discusses Spain's colonization and administration of the Philippines from the 16th century to the 19th century, establishing Spanish rule and identity over what was previously independent barangays and introducing Catholicism, the Spanish language, and new economic and political systems through governors-general. However, Spanish colonial administration was also corrupt and inefficient, facing challenges from other colonial powers like the British who briefly occupied Manila in 1762.

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    Integration Into The Spanish Empire

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    Eys
    28 views26 pages
    The document discusses Spain's colonization and administration of the Philippines from the 16th century to the 19th century, establishing Spanish rule and identity over what was previously independent barangays and introducing Catholicism, the Spanish language, and new economic and political systems through governors-general. However, Spanish colonial administration was also corrupt and inefficient, facing challenges from other colonial powers like the British who briefly occupied Manila in 1762.

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    The document discusses Spain's colonization and administration of the Philippines from the 16th century to the 19th century, establishing Spanish rule and identity over what was previously independent barangays and introducing Catholicism, the Spanish language, and new economic and political systems through governors-general. However, Spanish colonial administration was also corrupt and inefficient, facing challenges from other colonial powers like the British who briefly occupied Manila in 1762.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views26 pages

    Integration Into The Spanish Empire

    Uploaded by

    Eys
    The document discusses Spain's colonization and administration of the Philippines from the 16th century to the 19th century, establishing Spanish rule and identity over what was previously independent barangays and introducing Catholicism, the Spanish language, and new economic and political systems through governors-general. However, Spanish colonial administration was also corrupt and inefficient, facing challenges from other colonial powers like the British who briefly occupied Manila in 1762.

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    of 26

    INTEGRATION INTO

    THE SPANISH EMPIRE


    UNIFICATION UNDER SPANISH RULE

    • Prior to Spain’s colonization of the Philippines, the country


    was a mere geographical expression. It consisted of
    independent and self-governing barangays, people by
    diverse tribes. It is Spain that gave the country its identity
    (Zalde, 1994). The country came to be known as
    Philippines due to Spain’s three centuries of colonial
    administration.
    ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION

    • Before the 19th century, the Philippines was governed


    indirectly by the Spanish crown through the Consejo de las
    Indias or Council of the Indies.

    - MINISTERED DE ULTRAMAR or MINISTRY OF COLONIES


    The NATIONAL GOVERNMENT appointed by the
    Spanish monarch, was the head of the Spanish colonial
    government in the country. The chief executive of the
    colonial government, he was an ex-official president of
    the Audiencia real or royal Audiencia. The Supreme
    Court in the Philippines during those times, considering
    that there was no law-making body in the country then,
    the governor-general had legislative powers.
    Government
    Audiencia Real, the Supreme Court and the
    lower courts during those times.
    • Las Reyes de Indias
    • Las Leyes de Toro
    • Siete Partidas
    • La Novisema Recopilacion
    Government
    Legislative Power
    National Government
    • Senate
    • House of Representatives

    Local Government
    • Sangguniang Panlalawigan
    • Regional Legislative Assembly
    • Sangguniang Panlungsod
    • Sangguniang Bayan
    • Sangguniang Barangay
    Executive Power
    National Government
    • President
    • Vice-President
    • Cabinet Secretaries

    Local Government
    • Provincial/Regional Governor
    • Provincial/Regional Vice-Governor
    • City/Municipal Mayor
    • City/Municipal Vice-Mayor
    • Barangay Captain/Barangay Chairman
    The Supremacy Of The Friars

    • The friars was the supervising government for all local affairs,
    their approval was required in celsus list, tax list, list of army
    conscripts and register of births, deaths and marriages.

    • The friars became so powerful and influential that even civil


    authorities feared them. This situation was that Graciano Lopez
    Jaena termed as frailocracia. Spain tightened their control over
    the country through the friars for fear of losing the Philippines.
    Weakness of Spanish Colonial Administration

    • Spanish Colonial Administration was corrupt and inefficient.


    The Spanish crown instituted the recidencia, the trial of an
    outgoing governor general to account for his acts during his
    tenure of office and the vistador or investigating officer to probe
    on the complaints against the governor-general, he was not
    able to resist corruption for his personal advantage.
    • Another source of weakness and abuse the
    Spanish government was widespread selling of
    lower positions to highest bidders. This
    situation gave rise to misadministration of
    governmental affairs, bribery as well as graft
    and corruption.
    ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS IMPOSED BY
    SPAIN

    • Encomienda System
    • Taxation
    • Forced Labor or The Polo Y Servicio
    • The Galleon Trade
    Encomienda System
    Taxation
    Forced Labor or The Polo Y Servicio
    The Galleon Trade
    Challenges to Spanish Imposition of Sovereignity

    The Spanish soldiers had to fight off Chinese pirates who sometimes came to
    control Manila, notable among them was Limahong in 1574, as well as Dutch
    and Portuguese forces and Muslims. The Japanese under the leadership of
    Hideyoshi, claimed control of the country. For a time Spain paid tribute to
    secure their trading routes and project Jesuit missionaries in Japan. The most
    serious challenge to Spanish rule happened in1761 as the result of Spain’s
    involvement in the seven years’ war. The British invaded the Philippines as a
    result of Spain’s involvement in the aforementioned conflict (1756-1763).
    Admiral Samuel Cornish and General William Draper presented the
    British demand for the surrender of Manila. General Draper immediately
    ordered the attack of Manila. British troops immediately occupied the
    areas of ermita and bagumbayan, which are very close to Intramuros, the
    seat of the Spanish colonial government. British cannons destroyed the
    walls of Intramuros facing the Luneta on October 5. In order to prevent
    the ruthless sacrifice of lives, the archbishop surrendered at Fort
    Santiago on the same day.
    • Dawsonne Drake
    • Archbishop Antonio Manuel Rojo
    • Simon De Anda
    • TREATY OF PARIS of 1763 ended the war. This
    treaty restored Manila to Spain in 1764.
    Philippines was opened to the outside world by
    the British conquerors. The Filipinos were
    permitted to trade directly with merchants from
    China, India and nearby countries.
    ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS

    After the abolition of the Manila-Acapulco trade, Spain


    initiated programs geared towards promoting the economic
    development of the Philippines. 18th century Spanish Rule.
    • Development of Agriculture
    • Organization of the Economic Society of Friends of the Country
    • The Tobacco Monopoly
    • The Royal Company of the Philippines
    • The Opening of Manila to foreign Trade
    SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND
    EDUCATIONAL
    TRANSFORMATIONS
    Social Transformations
    • Conversion of the Filipinos to Catholicism
    • Beginnings of Feudalistic Society
    • Hispanization of Filipino Surname
    • Metamorphosis of bahay kubo into bahay na bato
    • Indigenization of Spanish and Chinese cuisine
    • Change in the Filipino mode of dressing
    • Introduction of the Spanish language
    • Celebration of Religious Feasts honouring patron saints
    Cultural Transformations
    • Introduction of the Latin alphabet
    • Introduction of the art and printing
    • Appearance of theocratic literature
    • Persistence of folk and colonial art
    • Introduction of Hispanic Music and Western
    Musical Instruments
    Educational Transformations
    • University of Sto. Thomas
    • Colegio de San Juan de Letran
    • Colegio de Manila in 1590
    • Ateneo de Manila University (1859)
    Group 2 (BSME-1A)

    ▪ Espiritu, Jayson P.
    ▪ Federico, Christy Joy M.
    ▪ Flora, Leanie B.
    ▪ Ibarrientos, Acela Ann M.
    ▪ Ilarde, Renalyn A.

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