Republic of the Philippines

Cebu Normal University

College of Nursing
Center of Excellence (COE) | Level IV Re-Accredited
(AACCUP) Telephone No.: (032) 254 4837
Email: [email protected]/[email protected]
Website: www.cnu.edu.ph

DRUG STUDY

Patient’s Initials: Date of Admission: Diagnosis:

Nursing
Name of Drug Classification Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindication Side Effects
Responsibilities

Generic Name Pharmacologic Class: Binds to beta2 – adrenergic General Indications: Contraindicated in CNS: Nervousness, Before:
Albuterol Sympathomimetic receptors in airway smooth Treatment or prevention of hypersensitivity to restlessness, tremor,  Assess lung
(Adrenergic agonist) muscle, leading to bronchospasm in asthma or adrenergic amines. headache, insomnia (Pedi: sounds, pulse, and
Trade Name activation of adenyl cyclase chronic obstructive occurs more frequently in BP before
Accuneb, Airomir, Proair Therapeutic Class: and increased levels of pulmonary disease (COPD). Precaution: young children than adults), administration and
HFA, Proair Respiclick, Bronchodilators cyclic-3’ , 5’ – adenosine Use cautiously in Cardiac hyperactivity in children. during peak of
Proventil HFA, Salbutamol, mononphosphate (cAMP). Inhaln: Prevention of disease; Hypertension; medication. Note
Ventolin HFA, Ventolin Pregnancy risk category: Increases in cAMP activate exercise-induced Hyperthyroidism; CV: Chest pain, amount, color, and
Diskus, Ventolin Nebules, Pregnancy risk category C kinases, which inhibit the bronchospasm. Diabetes;Glaucoma; palpitations, anginga, character of
VoSpire ER phosphorylation of myosin Seizure disorders; Excess arrhythmias, hypertension. sputum produced.
and decrease intracellular PO: Used as a long-term inhaler use may lead to  Monitor
Content calcium. Decreased control agent in patients tolerance and paradoxical GI: Nausea, vomiting. pulmonary
Albuterol Sulfate intracellular calcium relaxes with chronic/persistent bronchospasm function tests
smooth muscle airways. bronchospasm. Endo: Hyperglycemia before initiating
Form Relaxation of airway OB, Lactation, Pedi: therapy and
Tablet, Extended-release smooth muscle with Safety not established for MS: Muscle cramps, periodically during
tablet, Syrup, Metered-dose subsequent bronchodilation. pregnant women, and Feeling of muscle tension. therapy.
aerosol, Inhalation solution, Relatively selective for children < 2 yr  Observe for
Powder for inhalation beta2 (pulmonary) F and E: Hypokalemia paradoxical
receptors. Geri:  risk of adverse bronchospasm
Minimum Dosage reactions; may require dose Neuro: Tremor. (wheezing). If
Adults – 2 mg 3 – 4 times Therapeutic effects:  . May be more sensitive condition occurs,
daily Relieves bronchospasm and to tremor or tachycardia due RESP: Paradoxical withhold
Geriatric – 2 mg 3 – 4 time reduces airway resistance. to age-related increased bronchospasm (excessive medication and
daily sympathetic sensitivity. use of inhalers). notify health care
Pediatric Pharmacokinetics professional
 2-6 yr : 1 mg daily Drug interactions immediately.
 6-12 yr : 2 mg Absorption: Well absorbed Drug-Drug : Concurrent  Lab Test
three times daily in GI tract after oral use with other adrenergic considerations:
 Over 12 yr : 2 mg administration, rapidly agents will have  May cause
three times daily absorbed from bronchi after adrenergic side effects. Use transient  in
inhalation but rapidly with MAO inhibitors may serum potassium
Maximum Dosge undergoes extensive lead to hypertensive crisis. concentrations
Adults – 8mg 3 – 4 times metabolism. Beta blockers may negate with nebulization
daily therapeutic effect. May  or higher-than-
Pediatric Distribution: Small serum digoxin levels. recommended
 2-6 yr : 2 mg 3 – 4 amounts appear in breast Cardiovascular effects are doses.
times daily milk potentiated in patient During:
 6 – 12 yr : 2 mg 4 receiving tricyclic  PO: Administer oral
times daily Metabolism &Excretion: antidepressants. Risk of medication with meals
 Over 12 yr : 2 mg Extensively metabolized by hypokalemia  concurrent to minimize gastric
3- 4 times daily the liver and other tissues. use of potassium-losing irritation.
diuretics. Hypokalemia   Extended-release
Availability Onset the risk of digoxin toxicity. tablets should be
Tablet – 2 mg, 4 mg PO – 15-30 min swallowed whole; do
Extended-Release Tablets PO-ER – 30 min not break, crush, or
Drug-Herbal: Use with
– 4 mg, 8 mg Inaln – 5-15 min chew.
caffeine-containing herbs
Oral Syrup – 2 mg/5 mL (cola nut, guarana, tea,  Inhaln: Shake inhaler
Metered-dose aerosol – 90 Peak well, allow at least 1
coffee)  stimulant effect.
mcg/inhalation in 6.7-g, 8- PO – 2-3 hr min between
St. John’s wort may
g, 8.5-g and 18-g canisters PO-ER – 2-3 hr inhalations of aerosol
decrease level/effects.
(200 metered inhalations), Inhaln – 60-90 min medication. Prime
Ephedra, yohimbe may
100 mcg/spray cause CNS stimulation inhaler and release 4
Inhalation solution – 0.63 Duration test sprays. Proair
mg/3 mL (0.21%), 1.25 PO – 4-6 hr or more Respiclick does not
Drug-Lab: May increase
mg/3 mL (0.042%), 2.5 PO-ER – 12 hr require priming.
blood glucose level. May
mg/3 mL (0.083%), 1 Inhaln – 3-6 hr  Nebulization or IPPB,
decrease serum potassium
mg/mL, 2 mg/mL, 5mg/mL level. the 0.5-, 0.83-, 1-, and
(0.5%) Half-life 2- mg/mL solutions
Powder for Inhalation Oral – 2.7 – 5 hr do not require dilution
(Proair Respiclick) – 90 Inhalation – 3.8 hr before administration.
mcg/inhalation (200 The 5mg /mL
metered inhalations) ( 0.5%) solution
(Ventolin Diskus) – 200 must be diluted
mcg with 1–2.5 mL of
0.9% NaCl for
Routes of Administration inhalation. Diluted
PO, PO-ER, Inhaln solutions are stable
for 24 hr at room
 temperature or 48
hr if refrigerated.
 For nebulizer,
compressed air or
oxygen flow should
be 6-10 L/min; a
single treatment of 3
mL lasts about 10
min.

After:
 Instruct patient to take
albuterol as directed.
 If on a scheduled
dosing regimen, take
missed dose as soon
as remembered,
spacing remaining
doses at regular
intervals.
 Do not double dose or
increase the dose or
frequency of doses.
Caution patient not to
exceed recommended
dose; may cause
adverse effects,
paradoxical
bronchospasm, or loss
of effectiveness of
medication.
 Instruct patient to
contact health care
professional
immediately if
shortness of breath is
not relieved by
medication or is
accompanied by
diaphoresis, dizziness,
palpitations, or chest
pain.
 Instruct patient to
notify health care
professional of all Rx
or OTC medications,
 vitamins, or herbal
products being taken
and to consult health
care professional
before taking any
OTC medications or
alcoholic beverages
concurrently with this
therapy.
Source: Pinewood Source: Kizior & Hodgson, Source: Kizior & Hodgson, Source: Vallerand, Source: Vallerand,
Healthcare, 2016 ; 2018 Vallerand, Source: Kizior & Hodgson, Source: Kizior & Hodgson, 2018; Vallerand, Sanosky ,& Quiring, 2019 Sanosky ,& Quiring, 2019
Vallerand, Sanosky ,& Sanosky ,& Quiring, 2019; 2018; Vallerand, 2018; Vallerand, Sanosky ,& Quiring, 2019
Quiring, 2019 Sanosky ,& Quiring, 2019 Sanosky ,& Quiring, 2019
Drug Study Scoring 10 pts.
Name of Drug 1 pts.
Classification 1 pts.
Mechanism of Action 1 pts.
Indication 1 pts.
Contraindication 1 pts.
Side Effects 1 pts.
Nursing Responsibilities 3 pts.
Sources 1 pts. (at least 2 references)
Scoring System Criterion Reference: 70%