ICT Grade 9 Mie Book PDF

Information and
Communications
Technology
GRADE 9
Information and
Communications
Technology
GRADE 9
Professor Vassen Naëck - Head, Curriculum Implementation, Textbook Development and Evaluation
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY PANEL
Kaviraj Goodoory - Coordinator, Associate Professor, MIE

Marday Pyneandee - Senior Lecturer, MIE
Dr Vikash Kumar Jhurree - Senior Lecturer, MIE
Abdullah Mohammud Ismail Buxoo - Educator
Louis Daniel Clarel Berry - Educator
Jameel Foondun - Educator
Minta Hurryman - Educator
Mohammad Arshaad Khodabocus - Educator
Shunno Devi Nenduradu - Educator
Sarita Raggoo-Lollbeharee - Educator
Acknowledgement
Christian Li Luen Ching - Senior Lecturer, MIE
Paramaseeven Sooben - Senior Lecturer, MIE
Design
Rakesh Sookun - Graphic Designer
© Mauritius Institute of Education (2020)

ISBN: 978-99949-53-87-5
Consent from copyright owners has been sought. However, we extend our apologies to those we might have overlooked.
All materials should be used strictly for educational purposes.
ii
Foreword
With the Grade 9 textbooks, we now complete textbook production for Grades 1-9 in the context of
the Nine Year Continuous Basic Education (NYCBE) project of the Ministry of Education and Human
Resources, Tertiary Education and Scientific Research. The textbooks are designed in line with the
National Curriculum Framework (NCF) and the syllabi for Grades 7, 8 and 9 which are accessible on the
MIE website, www.mie.ac.mu.
These textbooks build upon the competencies learners developed in Grades 7 and 8, based on the
philosophy of the NCF for the NYCBE. The content and pedagogical approaches allow for incremental
and continuous improvement of the learners’ cognitive skills using contextualised materials which
should be highly appealing to the learners.
The writing of the textbooks involved several key contributors, namely academics from the MIE and
educators from Mauritius and Rodrigues, as well as other stakeholders. We are especially appreciative
of comments and suggestions made by educators who were part of our validation panels, and whose
opinions emanated from long-standing experience and practice in the field.
The development of textbooks has been a very challenging exercise for the writers and the MIE. We
had to ensure that the learning experiences of our students are enriched through approaches which
appeal to them, without compromising on quality. I would, therefore, wish to thank all the writers and
contributors who have produced content of high standard thereby ensuring that the objectives of the
National Curriculum Framework are skilfully translated through the textbooks.
Every endeavour involves several dedicated, hardworking and able staff whose contribution needs to be
acknowledged. Professor Vassen Naëck, Head Curriculum Implementation and Textbook Development
and Evaluation provided guidance with respect to the objectives of the NCF, while ascertaining that
the instruction designs are appropriate for the age group targeted. I also acknowledge the efforts of
the graphic artists who put in much hard work to maintain the quality of the MIE publications. My
thanks also go to the support staff who ensured that everyone receives the necessary support and work
environment conducive to a creative endeavour.
I am equally thankful to the Ministry of Education, Human Resources, Tertiary Education and Scientific
Research for actively engaging the MIE in the development of textbooks for the reform project.
I wish enriching and enjoyable experiences to all users of the new set of Grade 9 textbooks.
Dr O Nath Varma
Director
Mauritius Institute of Education
iii
Preface
Technological advancements, particularly digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
are opening new opportunities in various fields. The number of appliances coming with embedded
devices is constantly increasing. Digital literacy, therefore, is gaining importance as a fundamental skill.
At the same time, concepts like programming and coding are now being recognized as the new literacy.
The Grade 9 workbook has been developed with due consideration being given to these.
The workbook has been written with the National Curriculum Framework in mind. We have also taken
into account that National Examination will be held at the end of Grade 9. The workbook has, thus,
been designed to provide the knowledge, practical skills and understanding that learners will assimilate
through studying Information and Communication Technology. The ICT workbook prepares the learners
with ICT skills and competencies for the emerging knowledge society, helping them develop capacity
to solve problems in digital environments.
The workbook consist of 9 units which are as follows:

1. Health, Safety and Ethics
2. Computer Operation and Fundamentals Internet
3. Word Processing
4. Spreadsheet
5. Internet
6. Presentation
7. Multimedia
8. Practical Problem Solving and Programming
9. Database
The workbook is learner oriented and consists of the following:

• Activities in the form of games and practical
• Suggested activities can be done by the teacher to consolidate learning
• Quick test at the end of each topic
• Summative exercise after each unit.
We believe that learners should be engaging in practical activities not only one or two terms but
throughout the year along with the theoretical aspects of ICT. We have, therefore, designed a workbook
that will allow learners to blend theory and practical. The various activities ensure that learners are
actively involved and create learning experiences that will help them be actively engaged in the process
of learning.
Throughout the workbook there are a number of colours, boxes and symbols used to facilitate learning.
We had created an avatar named Tipiyu that was introduced in Grade 7. Tipiyu guided across the Grade
8 workbook. Tipiyu continues to feature in the Grade 9 workbook as well.
The Information and Communication Technology Panel
iv
Introduction
Hello Friends,
Tipiyu is back again!
I will guide you through the ICT Grade 9 book.
What is your name?
....................................................................................
v
vi
P 105
Unit 5 P 141
Unit 6
Multimedia
Internet
Unit 4
P 159
Unit 7
P77
Presentation
HEALTH, SAFETY & ETHICS
Unit 3
P 47
Spreadsheet P 177
Unit 8
Practical problem solving

and programming
P19
Word Processing
Unit 2
P 203
Unit 9
P 1
Computer Operations Databases
and Fundamentals
Unit 1
vii
UNIT 1 Computer operations and fundamentals
Computer Operations
1
Unit
and Fundamentals
Learning Objectives
By the end of Unit 1, learners should be able to:
• Discuss the functions of an operating system
• List the different types of operating systems
• Demonstrate an understanding of basic troubleshooting techniques
RECAP: Operating System (OS)

An operating system is system software that controls the hardware and allows communication
between the user and the computer system.
It is the most important software in a computer system. It consists of the essential files that the
computer needs to function.
Examples of OS
Microsoft Most common and used operating

1
Windows system in personal computers.
Operating system used in computers

2 MAC OS X
manufactured by Apple Inc.
Free operating system which can be

3 Linux
installed on personal computers.
Operating system used with Android

4 Android compatible smart phones and PC
tablets.
1
1.1 Functions of an operating system
1. It provides a user interface.
• M
odern computers have a graphical user interface (GUI) which allows the user
to interact with the computer system through icons and menus.
2. Memory management
• It deals with the loading and running of application programs.
• It allocates memory space to programs and data.
• It keeps track of which parts of the memory are in use and which parts are free.
Computer Memory
Memory locations
Programs
Operating
System
Data
2
3. Processor management
• I t allocates processor time (CPU time) to the different tasks being performed
simultaneously by the computer.
• A time slice is given to each job that needs to be processed.
Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 1

Start
Start
Start
Start
stop
stop
stop
stop
Time
Slice 1 Slice 2 Slice 3 Slice 4
4. File management
• It manages the transfer of data and files.
• I t helps us to save our work, organise our files,
find files that we have saved and load files.
5. Hardware management (peripheral management)

• It controls all attached devices.
• I t accepts and transfers data from input devices
to the computer’s memory.
• I t makes sure that any output is sent
to the correct output device.
• I t manages the transfer of data between
the computer’s memory and backing
storage devices.
6. System security management

• I t monitors and restricts access
to programs and data.
• I t prevents unauthorised access to the
computer system by checking usernames
and passwords.
3
7. Error handling
• I t deals with errors that occur when
a program is being run, or when data
is being transferred somewhere,
and informs the user if necessary.
Quick Test
Fill in the blanks by selecting appropriate words from the list:
transfer errors attached
processor memory communication
An operating system performs the following functions:
(a) It allows ______________________ between the user and the computer system.
(b) It allocates ______________________ space for programs.
(c) It handles ______________________ and informs the user accordingly.
(d) It allocates ______________________ time to different tasks being carried out
by the computer.
(e) It manages the ______________________ of data and files.
(f) It controls all ______________________ devices.
1.2 Types of operating systems

(i) Single-user system
• An operating system that supports only one user at a time.
4
(ii) Multi-user system

• A
n operating system that allows multiple users to access a computer’s resources
at the same time. In such a system a server and terminals are used. In the diagram
below, USER 1 acts as the server.
USER 2 USER 3
USER 1
USER 4 USER 5
(iii) Multi-processing system

• A
n operating system capable of supporting and utilising more than one computer
processor.
CPU 1 P1
CPU 2 P2
CPU 3 P3
Note: A server is a computer

(iv) Multi-tasking system
that provides data to
• A
n operating system capable of allowing other computers.
several programs to run at the same time.
A terminal is a personal
Browser Excel Paint
Media computer connected to
player
a network.
Process
Process
Process
Process
Operating System
CPU
5
Quick Test
Match the following:
Multi-tasking One user at a time.
Several programs run

Multi-user
at the same time.
Several users at the same

Single-user
time.
Several computer
Multi-processing
processors are used.
1.3 Basic troubleshooting techniques

Troubleshooting is the process of identifying and
resolving a problem in a computer system. It is used to
solve problems with hardware and software.
There are many different things that may cause a

problem in your computer. Troubleshooting will always
be a process of ‘trial and error’. Some problems may be
easy to fix, while others may require several attempts
before a solution can be found.
1.3.1 Simple solutions to common problems

1. Problem: The computer does not start
Solution 1: Check that the power cord is plugged securely into
the back of the system unit and the power outlet.
Solution 2: If the power cord is correctly plugged in, make sure that the power outlet is
working. You can plug in another electrical device such as a lamp to check
whether the power outlet is functioning properly.
Seek the help of an adult to try the above solutions.
6
Solution 3: If you are using a laptop, the battery may not be charged.
Plug in the AC adapter, wait for a few minutes and then try
to turn on the laptop.
2. Problem: The computer freezes (becomes unresponsive)

If the computer is unresponsive, you will not be able to click anywhere on the screen,
open or close applications, or access shut-down options.
Solution 1: Push the Ctrl, Alt, and Delete keys at the same
time. Then, start the Task Manager, highlight the
program’s name, and click the End Task button.
Solution 2: Perform a hard reboot by simply pressing the on/

off button to turn off the computer manually. Press
and hold the power button for 5 to 10 seconds. This
action should only be done as a last resort if you
have an unresponsive program or a critical error.
This process could cause data loss or corruption.
Solution 3: If the computer still will not shut down, ask an
adult to unplug the power cable from the electrical
outlet. If a laptop is being used, remove the battery
to force the system to turn off.
7
3. Problem: The printer is not working
Solution 1: Check if the printer is turned on.
If not, turn it on and try again.
Solution 2: Ensure that all cables are properly connected.

Try again.
Solution 3: Check if the printer has a paper jam. If so, remove

jammed paper, close the printer and try printing
again.
Note : A
printer requires ink and paper to produce printouts. Therefore, before printing,
check ink/toner levels and load paper in the sheet feeder.
4. Problem: The mouse or keyboard has stopped working

Solution 1: If you are using a wired mouse or keyboard,
make sure it is correctly plugged into the system
unit. If not, plug it in properly.
Solution 2: If you are using

a wireless mouse
or keyboard,
try changing
the batteries.
5. Problem: The sound is not working

Solution 1: Check the volume level. Click the audio button in the bottom-right
corner of the screen to make sure that the sound is turned on and
that the volume is up.
Solution 2: Check the cables. Make sure external speakers

are plugged in, turned on and connected to the
correct audio port or a USB port.
8
6. Problem: The screen is blank

Solution 1: The computer may be in the ‘Sleep’ mode. Click the
mouse or press any key on the keyboard to wake it up.
Solution 2: Make sure the computer is plugged in and turned on.
Solution 3: If you are using a desktop computer, make

sure the monitor cable is properly connected
to the system unit and the monitor.
7. Problem: All programs on the computer run slowly

Solution 1: Run a virus scanner. There may be a malware running
in the background that is slowing down the computer
system.
Solution 2: Your computer may be running out of hard drive space.
Try deleting any files or programs

you don’t need.
Run Disk Defragmenter which is a utility software designed to increase

access speed by rearranging files stored on a disk.
8. Problem: Accidental deletion of a file

Solution 1: O
pen the Recycle Bin. Right-click on the file and click on Restore.
9
Solution 2: Press Ctrl + Z on the keyboard
to retrieve the file back.
Solution 3: Right-click where file was

located. In the pop-up menu,
select “Undo Delete”.
Quick Test
1. Match each problem to its solution:
PROBLEM SOLUTION
(i) Unplug the power cable

(a) No sound.
from the power outlet.
(b) The printer has a paper jam. (ii) Change batteries.
(c) The computer is unresponsive (iii) Make sure external speakers

and will not shut down. are properly plugged in.
(iv) Press a key on the keyboard

(d) Wireless mouse is not working.
to wake up the computer.
(v) Remove paper, close printer

(e) Computer runs slowly.
and try printing.
(vi) Scan your computer

(f) Screen is blank.
for viruses.
10
2. Fill in the blanks with the following words:
wired rearranges sound unresponsive troubleshooting
(a) _____________________ is the process of identifying and resolving a problem.
(b) If you cannot hear_____________________ check the volume level.
(c) A _____________________ keyboard must be correctly plugged into the system unit.
(d) Disk Defragmenter _____________________ files stored on disk.
(e) If a laptop becomes _____________________, remove the battery to force it to turn off.
3. Which keys should be pressed on the keyboard to start the Task Manager?
4. Give two possible causes of a slow computer.
(1)
(2)
6. Give 2 ways to wake up a computer which is in the sleep mode.
(1)
(2)
11
END OF UNIT QUESTIONS
1. Fill in the blanks with the following words:
memory Android time graphical troubleshooting
Linux processor deletion security programs
(a) A multi-processing system can support more than one computer _________________.
(b) Modern computers have a _________________ user interface.
(c) The operating system keeps track of __________________ usage.
(d) In a multi-tasking system, several __________________ can run at the same time.
(e) The process of solving hardware or software problems is known as ________________.
(f) The operating system manages system __________________.
(g) In processor management, a __________________ slice is given to each job that needs
to be processed.
(h) An example of a free operating system for PCs is __________________.
(i) In case of accidental __________________ of a file, press Ctrl + Z to retrieve the file.
(j) A common operating system used with smart phones is __________________.
2. Explain three functions of an operating system.
1)
2)
3)
3. List four types of operating systems.
12
END OF UNIT QUESTIONS UNIT 1 Computer operations and fundamentals
4. Complete the crossword puzzle below:
Across
2. A popular operating system for personal computers.

5. Is the most important software in a computer system.
Down
1. Identifying and solving a computer related problem.

3. Operating system for smart phones
4. Free operating system for personal computers
13
5. Indicate whether the following statements are True or False.
(a) A virus scanner rearranges files stored on a disk. […………]
(b) To wake up a computer from the ‘sleep mode’, press a key on the keyboard. […………]
(c) A graphical user interface displays icons and menus. […………]
(d) Linux is an expensive operating system. […………]
(e) When a computer freezes, it becomes unresponsive. […………]
(f) A multi-user system supports only one user at a time. […………]
(g) An operating system performs file management. […………]
(h) Several users can use a single-user system at the same time. […………]
(i) A paper jam prevents the printer from working properly. […………]
(j) The OS allows communication between the user and the computer system. […………]
6. Select the correct answer. Encircle A, B, C or D.
(a) An example of an operating system is …………………………………

A. MAC OS X
B. Antivirus
C. Paint
D. MS Excel
(b) If the computer does not start, …………………………………
A. press Ctrl + Z.
B. check whether the keyboard is properly plugged in.
C. remove jammed paper from printer.
D. check whether the power cord is properly plugged in.
14
END OF UNIT QUESTIONS UNIT 1 Computer operations and fundamentals
(c) A virus scanner …………………………………
A. rearranges files on a disk.
B. detects and removes malware.
C. deletes files.
D. checks user names and passwords.
(d) Select one way to retrieve a deleted file.
A. Press Alt + Ctrl + Del.
B. Run an antivirus software.
C. Open the Recycle Bin, select file and click on Restore.
D. Run the Disk Defragmenter software.
(e) Which keys should be pressed to start the Task Manager?
A. Ctrl + Z
B. Alt + F4
C. Alt + Ctrl + Del
D. Shift + Ctrl + Alt
7. Explain how you would troubleshoot the following problems.
(a) The keyboard has stopped working.

•
•
•
•
•
(b) The computer has become unresponsive.

•
•
•
•
•
15
(c) No sound can be heard from the speakers.
•
•
•
•
•
(d) You have deleted an important file by accident.

•
•
•
•
•
16
Additional Notes
17
UNIT 2 Word Processing
Unit
Word Processing
Learning Objectives
• Automatically generate a table of content and list of figures/tables
• Automatically generate multiple copies of the same document adapted
for different recipients
Automatically generate a table of contents

and list of figures/tables
A table of contents is a list found at the start of a document with titles and subtitles with
their corresponding page number. It allows the reader to go directly to a specific chapter by
referring to the table of contents.
We will be using the Styles ribbon in word.
Click on the more button as shown below to check the different styles available.
19
The following will be displayed.
• Heading 1 for main titles

• Heading 2 for subtitles
Activity 1 - Exploring the different “Styles”
STYLES RIBBON STEP 1 STEP 2 OUTPUT
Normal Styles
Highlight
button
Type the sentence the sentence
1 “WORD PROCESSING and click on the
IS FUN” Normal Styles
button
No spacing Styles
button Highlight
IS FUN” No Spacing
Styles button
Heading 1 Styles
button Highlight
IS FUN” Heading 1 Styles
button
20
Heading 2 Styles
button Highlight
IS FUN” Heading 2 Styles
button
Creating a Table of Contents
We will create a document of 4 pages and create a table of contents as shown below
GO THROUGH THE FOLLOWING STEPS TO GENERATE A TABLE OF CONTENTS.
STEP 1: Type the following on FOUR different pages.
Highlight the text and click on heading 1

HARDWARE

HARDWARE DEFINITION:
Hardware is the collective name given to the physical parts of a computer system
that can be seen and touched.
Hardware can be:

• Input devices
• Output devices
• Storage devices
21
STEP 2: Type the following on page 2 of your document.

INPUT DEVICES

DEFINITION:
Input devices are those hardware devices that are used to feed data to the computer.
Some common input devices are:
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Joystick
• Scanner

OUTPUT DEVICES

DEFINITION:
Output devices are those hardware devices that display information in the form
of softcopy or hardcopy.
Some common output devices are:
• Monitor
• Printer
• Speaker

STORAGE DEVICES

DEFINITION:
Storage devices are those hardware devices that are used to store {data temporarily
or permanently to the computer files}.
Some common storage devices are:
• Hard disk
• Pen drive
• CD, DVD and Blu ray
22
The four pages will appear as shown below.
STEP 5: Place the cursor at the start of the document as shown below.
23
STEP 6: Click on References button from the toolbar and click on the Table of Contents button.
1 2
STEP 7: C
licking on the Table of Contents button will display the options below. Select
the second option “Automatic Table 2”
Check your document you will notice the Table of content (TOC)
has appeared at the top of the document as shown below.
STEP 8: S ave your document as “Table of content”.

With the help of your teacher insert page number in the document.
24
Inserting a Table of Figures

Open the document you saved as “Table of content”. We will insert a table of figure.
STEP 1: Add a table in a new page (that is page 5) as follows.
STEP 2: A
dd a caption to the table you just created. But first place the cursor just below
the table you created as shown below.
STEP 3: Click on the Insert Caption button.
25
STEP 4: Type “hardware summary table” as shown below.
STEP 5: Now place your cursor just after the table of content.
STEP 6: Click on the Insert Table of Figures button.
26
STEP 7: T he window below will be displayed. Click on OK to insert the table of figures.
The table of figures will be added just after the table of content on the first page of your
document as shown below.
STEP 8: Click on save button to save the necessary changes you made to the document.
27
Automatically generate multiple copies of the same
document adapted for different recipients
What is mail merge?
A mail merge can be useful when a document needs to be sent to many people when needed.
A single letter (template) can be drafted and sent automatically to many people.
Note: A template is a sample document that has been pre-formatted.
For example, you could write a single letter and send it to all your friends to inform them about
an event like a birthday party or a picnic.
At school, the school secretary can write a single letter and send it to all students to inform
them about the annual general meeting of the PTA.
Steps in mail merge

Performing a mail merge involves the following three main steps.
Create a mailing list

It contains information like name, address, phone number etc... that you will use to fill
information in the letter. An example is given below
Surname First Name Grade Section Address
Dulloo Neil 7 Red Triolet
Coowar Kamila 8 Blue Vacoas
August Mikael 8 Yellow Melrose
Create a template
The template will be the main document. It contains the text and graphics to be used. An
example is given below.
Dear parent,
Responsible party of
We have great pleasure to invite you to our annual prize giving ceremony on Thursday 27th June
2019 in the school hall. This event will celebrate the exceptional performance of our students and
we are delighted to inform you that your child will be receiving a prize in acknowledgement of
his hard work and achievement.
28
Insert Fields to merge the two documents.

Template (main document) and mailing list combined resulting in a personalised letter for each
person.
‹‹Address››
Dear parent,
Responsible party of ‹‹Surname›› ‹‹First_Name››
We have great pleasure to invite you to our annual prize giving ceremony on Thursday 27th June 2019 in the
school hall. This event will celebrate the exceptional performance of our students and we are delighted to
inform you that your child ‹‹Surname›› ‹‹First_Name›› of ‹‹Grade›› ‹‹section›› will be receiving a prize
in acknowledgement of his hard work and achievement.
Create a mail merge using WIZARD

Part 1: Creating the mailing list
STEP 1: Open a blank document
STEP 2: Click on the Mailings tab and select Start Mail Merge option as shown below.
1 2
29
STEP 3: Click on the Step-by-step Mail Merge Wizard.
STEP 4: Check that the Letters option is selected and Click on the Next: Starting document option.
30
1
STEP 5: Check that the Use the current document option is selected and click on the Next:
Select recipients option.
2
STEP 6: Select the Type a new list option and click on create.
1 2
31
STEP 7: You will obtain an address list as shown below that you can edit.
• Selecting New Entry button allows us to add a new entry
• Selecting Delete Entry button allows us to delete an existing entry
• Selecting Find button allows us to find an entry
The Customize columns button will be used

to adapt the table to our explanation
WE WILL CUSTOMISE THE TABLE THAT WE WILL BE USING IN THE LETTER.
The table will include the following fields.
SURNAME FIRST NAME GRADE SECTION ADDRESS
STEP 8: Click on the Customize Columns button to adapt the table to our letter.
The table can be customised by clicking on the different buttons as shown below.
Clicking this button will allow

us to add columns to the table.
Selecting a field and Clicking this

button will allow us to delete a
column from the table.
Clicking this button will allow us

to rename a column in the table.

to move up to select a field.

to move down to select a field.
32
1 2
STEP 9: C
lick on Rename button type Surname and click on OK button to change the field
name from title to Surname. 3
STEP 10: Click on Last Name and click on Delete to delete the Last Name field.
STEP 11: Click on the Yes button to confirm the deletion.
33
STEP 12: R
epeat steps 10 and 11 to delete all the other fields {Company Name, Address Line
1 etc.} by selecting each one in turn and deleting the fields as we will not use these
fields.
STEP 13: Click on the add button, type Grade and click Ok button.
1 2 3
STEP 14: Repeat step 13 to add the following fields {That is, Section and Address}.
When you have added the necessary fields, they will appear as shown below, click on
the Ok button
34
STEP 15: The table you created will look similar to the one shown below.
STEP 16: We will add some records to the database we just created that will be used in the
mail merge. Click on the New Entry button to add a new record followed by OK
button. 1 2
STEP 17: If you want to add a record, click on the New Entry button. The final database will
look as the one shown below. Click on Ok button.
35
STEP 18: I n the File name box, save the document as Students details. Then click on the
Save button.
STEP 19: The database you created will look like the one shown below. Click on the Ok button.
Word will automatically save the document as a {.mdb} file, that is in Access.
36
Part 2: Writing the letter
lick on the Next: Write your letter button. The table is now ready to be merged with the
C
letter that we will write in the next step.
We will write a letter to invite parents for the prize giving ceremony of their children which
will be used to merge with the database of students details that we created above:
Dear parent,
We have great pleasure to invite you to our annual prize giving ceremony on Thursday
27th June 2019 in the school hall. This event will celebrate the exceptional performance
of our students and we are delighted to inform you that your child will be receiving a
prize in acknowledgement of his hard work and achievement.
The event will start at 10 in the morning and guest will be seated by 9.30. We rely on
your presence on that day and congratulate your child for his success.
Faithfully yours
Rector
XYZ college
37
Part 3: Insert fields to merge the two documents
STEP 1: Position your cursor as shown below and click on More items button.
STEP 2: S elect the Address field and click on Insert button. The address field will be inserted
on top. 1 2
The address field is successfully added on top as shown below.
STEP 3: To reposition the cursor, click on the close button.
«Address»|
of his hard work and achievement.
38
STEP 4: R
eposition cursor as shown below and click on More items again. This time select the
Surname field followed by the First name field.
«Address»
Dear parent,|
we are delighted to inform you that your child will be receiving a prize in acknowledgement of his
hard work and achievement.
Surname and First name fields successfully added as shown below.
STEP 5: Click on the Close button to reposition the cursor.
«Surname» «First_Name»|
STEP 6: Reposition cursor as shown below and follow the previous step to add Surname and
First name again.
we are delighted to inform you that your child | will be receiving a prize in acknowledgement of his
39
STEP 7: R
eposition cursor as shown below for the last time and follow the previous step to
add Grade and Section.
«Address»
Dear parent,
Responsible party of «Surname» «First_Name»
we are delighted to inform you that your child «Surname» «First_Name» of | will be receiving a
prize in acknowledgement of his hard work and achievement.
YOUR LETTER WILL LOOK SIMILAR TO THE ONE SHOWN BELOW. PAY SPECIAL ATTENTION
TO THE FIELDS IN RED COLOUR. THE CONTENT FROM THE TABLE HAS BEEN MERGED INTO
THE LETTER.
STEP 8: Click on the Next: Preview your letters button.
«Address»
Dear parent,
we are delighted to inform you that your child «Surname» «First_Name» of «Grade» «Section»
will be receiving a prize in acknowledgement of his hard work and achievement.
The event will start at 10 in the morning and guess will be seated by 9.30. We rely on your
presence on that day and congratulate your child for his success.
Faithfully your
STEP 9: You will get a preview of the letter you created. Click on Next: complete the merge.
Allows viewing different

recipients of the mail merge
Triolet
Dear parent,
Responsible party of Dulloo Neil
we are delighted to inform you that your child Dulloo Neil of 7 Red will be receiving a prize in
acknowledgement of his hard work and achievement.
The event will start at 10 in the morning and guess will be seated by 9.30. We rely on your
presence on that day and congratulate your child for his success.
Faithfully your
Rector
40
THE MAIL MERGE IS COMPLETE AND YOU WILL GET A RESULT SIMILAR TO THE ONE
SHOWN BELOW.
These buttons will allow you to view the different recipients.
First record Previous record Next record Last record
«Address»
Dear parent,
We have great pleasure to invite you to our annual prize giving ceremony on Thursday 27th June 2019 in the school
hall. This event will celebrate the exceptional performance of our students and we are delighted to inform you that
your child «Surname» «First_Name» of «Grade» «Section» will be receiving a prize in acknowledgement of his
The event will start at 10 in the morning and guess will be seated by 9.30. We rely on your presence on that day and
congratulate your child for his success.
Faithfully yours
Rector
XYZ college
STEP 10: Save your document as mail merge.
41
Question 1
Multiple choice
(a) What tab will we use in MS-Word to access mail merge option?
A. Home tab B. References tab C. Mailings tab D. Insert tab
(b) Which of the following enables us to send the same letter to different persons?
A. macros B. template C. mail merge D. none
(c) What Word feature indicates the number of pages, words, and characters
in a document?
A. Styles tab B. Table of contents C. Font style D. Editing
(d) Which of the following is not an essential component to perform a mail merge
operation?
A. Main document B. Data source C. Merge fields D. Power point slide
(e) How is the information in a data source organized?
A. Chart B. Matrix C. Table D. Paragraphs
(f) What feature in Word allows us to combine name and addresses with a template?
A. document formatting B. database management
C. mail merge D. form letters
(g) What tab in Word allows us to create a table of contents or table of figures?
A. Home tab B. References tab C. Mailings tab D. Insert tab
42
END OF UNIT QUESTIONS UNIT 2 Word Processing
Question 2
(a) Fill in the blanks using the following words given below.
Data source Main - document - Table multiple Word - Processing - Merge Field
Mail merge is a software function describing the production of _____________________

(and potentially large numbers of ) documents once that contain identical formatting,
layout, text, graphics, etc., and where only certain portions of each document varies.
Two files need to be created before you can merge them. The information that does not
change is stored in the__________________________ file, and is typically created in
__________________________.
On the other hand, the _________________________contains all the variable/changing

information, in the form of fields. The data that changes is normally created in a
___________________________.
When the Main Document and Data Source are merged, Microsoft Word replaces each
_________________________ in the Main Document with the data from the respective
field contained in the Data Source.
(b) Give an example of how the school administration can use mail merge.
Question 3
Mail Merge is another useful facility provided by a word processing program.
(a) Explain the use of the mail merge feature.
(b) List the three things needed in order to complete the mail merge process.
i.
ii.
iii.
43
Question 4
The following question is based on the table of contents from a textbook.
(a) On which page Chapter 3 starts?
(b) How many chapters are there in the textbook?
(c) What is the name of the chapter that starts on page 19?
(d) What is the topic of sub-chapter 4.1?
44
Additional Notes
45
UNIT 3 Spreadsheet
Unit
Spreadsheet
Learning Objectives
• Use advanced Formatting
• Use advanced Formulae
• Use advanced Functions
3.1 Advanced Formatting
While basic formatting enhances the way, a table looks in excel, users may require different
formatting based on some conditions. Use of advanced formatting will make the table more
readable. Users can easily look for required information from a formatted table.
3.1.1 Applying Conditional Formatting
Conditional formatting is a feature in Excel which allows you to apply formatting to a cell or a
range of cells based on certain criteria.
Example:
Worksheets A and B contain marks obtained by students in an ICT examination. The pass mark
is 35. In worksheet A, a Conditional formatting feature is applied to the range of cells B3:B12.
A conditional formatting rule is created to determine how many students scored less than
35 marks. If a cell value is less than 35, then the cell is formatted with a light red fill and dark
red text. Worksheet B shows the formatted values after that the conditional formatting rule has
been applied to it.
47
Worksheet A Worksheet B

Before formatting After formatting
Activity 1: Creating a worksheet
1. Open Microsoft Excel.
2. Create a blank workbook.
3. Type the following data.

4. Save the workbook as ‘Marks’.
48
UNIT 3 Spreadsheet
Activity 2: Applying Conditional Formatting
1. Open workbook ‘Marks’.
The pass mark in the ICT Exam is

35 or above. Find out how many
students fail the exam.
To be able to do that, create a

conditional formatting rule for
the range of cells B3:B12 that
contains values less than 35.

2. Select range of cells B3:B12.
Cell range B3:B12
49
3. In the Home tab, click the Conditional Formatting command.
4. A drop-down menu will appear.

Click Highlight Cells Rules.
5. A
menu will appear with several rules.
Select the Less Than rule.
50
UNIT 3 Spreadsheet
6. A dialog box will appear. Enter 35 into the blank field.
7. Click the drop-down menu and select a formatting. In our example,

we will choose Light Red Fill with Dark Red Text.
8. Click OK.
51
9.
The conditional formatting will be
applied to the selected cells.
In this example, only 2 students

have obtained less than 35 marks
in the ICT exam.

10. Save the workbook as ‘ConditionalMarks’.
Activity 3: Removing conditional formatting
1. Open workbook ‘ConditionalMarks’.
52
UNIT 3 Spreadsheet
2. Click the Conditional Formatting command.
A drop-down menu will appear.
Select Clear Rules, and choose

3.
which rules you want to clear.
In our example, we will select

Clear Rules from Entire Sheet
to remove all conditional formatting
from the worksheet.
4.
The conditional formatting will be removed.
Save the workbook as ‘RemoveConditionalMarks’.

5.
53
Suggested Activity: Applying conditional formatting
Use workbook ‘Marks’.
The pass mark has changed and is now 50 or above. Find out how many students have passed
the exam. Follow the steps below to create a new conditional formatting rule.
Open ‘Marks’ workbook for this lesson.

1.
Select B3:B12.
2.
On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click Conditional Formatting, then select Highlight
3.
Cells Rules > Greater Than.
4.
In the Format cells that are GREATER THAN box, type 49.
5.
Change the formatting and select Green Fill with Dark Green Text.
Click OK.
6.
Save the workbook as ‘ConditionalMarks2’.

7.
Close the file.

8.
How many students have passed the exam?
3.1.2 Working with Styles
If you want to keep the formatting of your worksheet consistent, then styles can be applied
to a cell or a range of cells.
To apply a cell style to an active cell or range, click Cell Styles in the Styles group on the Home
tab, then choose the cell style that you want to apply. You can apply more than one style to a
cell or a range of cells.
54
UNIT 3 Spreadsheet
Activity 4: Applying Cell Styles
STEP BY STEP
1. Open the ‘ConditionalMarks’ workbook.
2. Click in cell A1 to make the cell active.
3. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, open the Cell Styles menu.
55
The Cell Styles gallery will appear.
4. In the Titles and Headings section, select the Heading 1 style to apply it to cell A1.
56
UNIT 3 Spreadsheet
Font Calibri with a bold style and a blue bottom border are applied to cell A1.
5. Select cell range A2:C2.
57
6. Open the Cell Styles gallery
and in the Themed Cell Styles
section, select Accent1.
7. A blue background with white text is applied to range of cells A2:C2.
8. Save the workbook as ‘CellsStyleMarks’.
58
UNIT 3 Spreadsheet
3.1.3 Formatting tables
Tables can be formatted to help organise your content and make it easier for you to locate the
information you need. Excel provides many predefined (built-in) table styles that you can use
to quickly format a table.
Activity 5: Format a Table with a Quick Style
1. Open the 'CellsStyleMarks’ workbook.
2. Select the cells you want to format

as a table. Select cell range A2:B12.
3. Click the Format as Table command in the Styles group on the Home tab.
59
4. A list of predefined table styles will appear. Click a table style to select it.
A dialog box will appear, confirming the range of cells you have selected for your table. The
5.
cells will appear selected in the spreadsheet, and the range will appear in the dialog box.
If necessary, change the range by selecting a new range of cells directly on your spreadsheet.
6. If your table has headers, check that the box next to My table has headers.
60
UNIT 3 Spreadsheet
7. Click OK. The data will be formatted as a table in the style you chose.
8. Save the workbook as ‘FormatMarks’.
3.2 Advanced formulae and functions

3.2.1 Using the IF statement to perform simple conditional calculations.
An Excel IF Statement tests a given condition and returns one value for a TRUE result, and
another value for a FALSE result.
Let's take as an example what someone should do if it is cold outside he/she should wear a
jacket, if it is not cold he/she should leave the jacket at home.
The IF function in Excel is made up of 3 parts:
1. The test. (Condition)

2. What to do if the result is yes. (TRUE Result)
3. What to do if the result is no. (FALSE Result)
1 The test (Condition) Cold?
2 What to do if the result is TRUE Wear jacket.
3 What to do if the result is FALSE Leave jacket at home.
61
In Excel, it is represented as follows:
=If (logical test, value_if_true, value_if_false)
Cold?
Leave jacket at home
Wear jacket

Example:
In the flowchart below, if the answer to the question is ‘TRUE’, then it tells the user to wear a
jacket. If the answer is ‘FALSE’, then leave the jacket at home.
Start
The condition
Yes No
Cold?
Leave the jacket

Wear a jacket
at home
TRUE Result End FALSE Result
62
UNIT 3 Spreadsheet
Activity 6: Using the IF Statement
Use workbook ‘Marks’ to find who obtained a “PASS” or a “FAIL”.
The pass mark is 35. Those students who scored 35 or above, will obtain a “PASS”, otherwise
they will get a “FAIL”.
1. Open the workbook ‘Marks’.
2. Click cell C3.
63
3. Click the Formulas Tab. In the Function Library group, click Logical.
4. Click on IF.
5. The Function Arguments dialog box opens.
64
UNIT 3 Spreadsheet
6. In the Logical_test box, type B3<35.
7. In the Value_if_true box, type FAIL.
8. In the Value_if_false box, type PASS and then click OK.
65
9. Excel returns the result “PASS” in cell C3. In the formula bar, the function is displayed.
10.
Copy formulae in
cell C3 and paste
it in range of cell
C4:C12.
you can also replicate the formula by using

fill handle. The fill handle duplicates a cell’s
contents or fills a series.
66
UNIT 3 Spreadsheet
11. The following results appear in the remaining cells. We can see that only two students
obtain FAIL.
12. SAVE the workbook as ‘MarksIF’.
3.2.2 Using COUNTIF
• The COUNTIF function counts the number of cells in a given range that meet a specific
condition.
• The syntax for the COUNTIF function is:
=COUNTIF(Range, Criteria)
• The Range refers to the range of cells to be counted by the formula.
• The Criteria refers to the conditions that must be met in order for the cells to be counted.
• The condition can be a number, expression, or text entry.
For example:
Calculate how many students have passed or failed their exam.
• The range in this formula is the mark for each student and the criteria is to select who
passed and failed their exam.
67
Activity 7: Using the COUNTIF function
Use workbook ‘MarksIF’ to find how many students obtain a “PASS”.
1. OPEN the workbook ‘MarksIF’.
2. Select C13.
68
UNIT 3 Spreadsheet
3. Click the Formulas Tab.
In the Function Library group, Click More Functions.
4. Select Statistical, and then click COUNTIF.
5. In the Function Arguments dialog box, in the Range box, type range of cells C3:C12.
69
6. In the Criteria box, type PASS
7. Then click OK.
8.
The following result is
displayed in cell C13,
where 8 students
scored 35 marks
or above.
9.
The function used
is displayed in the
formula bar.
10. SAVE the workbook

as MarksCountIF
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UNIT 3 Spreadsheet
Activity 8
Using the COUNTIF function, calculate how many students scored below 35 marks. Display the
result in cell C14.
1. OPEN the workbook ‘MarksCountIF’.
2. Select C14.
3. Click the Formulas Tab. In the Function Library group, click More Functions.
4. Select Statistical, and then click COUNTIF. In the Function Arguments dialog box, in the
Range box, select cells C3:C12. In the Criteria box, type FAIL.
5. Click OK.
6. SAVE the worksheet.
71
1 Below is a list of statements, state whether these are TRUE or FALSE. Put a tick ()
in the appropriate column.
Statements TRUE FALSE
Conditional formatting allows you to apply formatting

to a cell or a range of cells based on certain criteria.
A conditional formatting rule cannot be removed.
A style is a set of formatting features that can be applied

only to a cell.
The IF function in Excel is made up of 3 parts.
A condition can be a number, expression, or text entry.
2
Multiple Choice Questions
Select the best response for the following statements.
(a)
Which of the following functions automatically counts the number of cells in a
given range that meet a specific condition?
A. COUNTIF B. COUNT
C. SUM D. AVERAGE

(b)
Which of the following can you use to duplicate a cell’s contents or fills a series?
A. Format Painter B. Font
C. Fill handle D. cell range

(c)
The Cell Styles in the Styles group is found on which of the following tabs?
A. Insert B. View
C. Formulas D. Home

(d)
A formula that uses the COUNTIF function has 2 parts. What are they?
A. If and Count B. Range and Criteria

C. Operators and Symbols D. Functions and Calculations

(e)
To search for cookie in the range D4:D10, which formula would be correct?
A. =COUNTIF (D4:D10, cookie) B. =COUNTIF (D4:D10, &cookie)

C. =COUNTIF (D4:D10=cookie) D. =COUNTIF (D4:D10,” cookie”)

72
END OF UNIT QUESTIONS UNIT 3 Spreadsheet
3
Open the “SRL Charity Club” worksheet.
(a)
Type =IF(C3>=900,”Free Gift”,”“) in cell D3.
Copy the function in cell D3 and paste it to the range of cells D4:D12.
(b)
Write the results in the worksheet above after applying the IF function in the cell
range D3:D12.
(c)
Using the COUNTIF function, write a formula to find how many persons live in
Flacq.

73
Additional Notes
74
UNIT 3 Spreadsheet
Additional Notes
75
UNIT 4 Presentation
Unit
Presentation
Learning Objectives
• Use title and slide master to create a presentation
• Apply design templates
• Apply multiple slide masters
If you want to create a consistent professional presentation with all the slides to contain same
fonts, images, colour, background, that can be formatted in one feature: The Slide Master view
and they will be applied to all your slides.
4.1 What is Slide Master view?

Slide Master view is a special feature in PowerPoint that is used to format all slides in the
presentation consistently and quickly. Any change made in the Slide Master affects all other
slides.
In PowerPoint, when the Slide Master tab is selected, the Slide Master is the top slide. It stores
formatting information about the theme, layout, background, colour, fonts, placeholders and
positioning of all slides.
The Slide Master tab contains all the commands to change Slide Master and slide layouts.
Below the Slide Master are several smaller slide thumbnails. These represent individual Layout
Masters like the Title slide and the Title and Content slide. Any change made to a layout master,
only changes any slides using that particular layout.
Placeholders allow to add, remove or edit title and content placeholders or make formatting
changes.
77
Slide Master Slide Master tab Placeholders for Title and Subtitle
Layout Masters
Placeholders for date, footer and slide number
4.2 Using Slide Master View to create a presentation
Activity 1
Note: In this example, we are going to use Slide Master View to create a presentation:
• to include a title and text in the slides

• to add a theme
• to use calibri font
78
UNIT 4 Presentation
1. Select the View Tab
2. Click Slide Master command in the Master Views group.
The presentation switches into the Slide Master view. You can see the Slide Master and
layout masters in the left navigation pane and a slides window on the right.
3. The Slide Master tab is selected on the Ribbon.
4. In the left navigation pane, Select the first slide, that is the Slide Master.
79
4. Click the Master Layout to choose which elements to include in the slides.

In this example, we will choose only Title and Text.
5. Click OK button. Only the Title and Text placeholders will appear in the Slide Master.
80
UNIT 4 Presentation
6. The new Master layout will be as below:

Next, to add a theme to the Master Slide and corresponding slide layouts, do the following:
7. Click on Themes button.

This brings up the Themes drop-down gallery.
8. Choose on the Facet Theme in this example. This theme is applied to the Slide Master and
all the slide layouts, as shown below:
81

Note: In the same way, an

image, logo, watermark, effects
can be inserted on all the slides
in the presentation using
the Slide Master View.
82
UNIT 4 Presentation
9. Next, Click the Fonts command in the Background group, then select the Calibri Font.
10. This will apply the Calibri font type to the Slide Master and the Slide layouts,
as shown below:
83
11. Click File Tab and Choose Save As
12. Save the file as “Creating_presentation_with_Slide_Master” and of type “PowerPoint

Template”
Note: For the purpose of this

activity, we are going to save this
file as a PowerPoint Template as it
will be used again in the Activity 2.
Otherwise,it can be saved as a
PowerPoint presentation.
84
UNIT 4 Presentation
13. Finally, Click Save.
14. Click the Close Master View button. This will get you back to Normal view.
15. The facet theme and Calibri font type are applied to all the slides.
Every new slide added to this presentation will take on the same theme and font type as
in the Slide Master .
Tip:
It is a good idea to make any changes to your slide master and layout masters before you
add slides to create your presentation.
85
4.3 Applying design templates
A Powerpoint template is a design scheme that can contain layouts, colours, fonts, effects,
background styles and content. It is saved as a potx file.
Templates can be saved and reused in future presentations.
Activity 2: Applying a design template
1. To apply a template to a presentation, open a blank presentation.
86
UNIT 4 Presentation
2. Select Design tab and click on “browse for themes”.
3. Locate the PowerPoint template saved earlier (at step 12 of Activity 1).
4. Click Apply button.
87
5. The template is applied to the new presentation. New slides and content can be added to
the presentation.
Presentation task 1
Using the Master Slide that you have created and saved above in Activity 1, add
(i) one title slide
(ii) two Title and Content Layouts (as shown below) to create this presentation as below:
You will notice that the Facet theme and Calibri font are applied to all the slides.
(iii) Save it as Presentation Task 1
88
UNIT 4 Presentation
89
Suggested Activity
To change font colour in a presentation using the Slide Master.
1. Open the Presentation Task 1

2. Click on the View tab.
3. Click the Slide Master tab. The Slide master tab will appear active but you can still
access commands on different tabs of the Ribbon like Home, Insert, File as normal.
4. Select the text you want to change on the slide as below:
5. Select Home tab.
The Slide Master and the slide layouts will remain in the left navigation pane because
Slide Master View is the current view.
90
UNIT 4 Presentation
Click the font color command in the font group. Choose font color Red from
6.
the menu options.
7. The change in colour will appear on all the slides in the left navigation pane.
8. Select the Slide Master tab. Close the Slide Master View
91
9. The changes in font colour are applied in all the slides in the presentation.
Note: In the same way,

you can also customise
font type, font size, alignment
and do other formatting
from the Slide Master View.
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UNIT 4 Presentation
4.4 Applying multiple slide masters
PowerPoint allows you to create two or more Slide Masters and then choose which Master to
choose for each slide in a presentation.
When you want to use multiple themes in one presentation, you will need multiple slide
masters. Each slide master may represent a theme.
For example, in the image below, there are two slide masters with associated layouts as you would see
them in the Slide Master view.
Slide Master 1
Slide Master 2
93
Activity 3: Adding another Slide Master to a presentation
We will add a new slide master to the presentation worked out in Presentation Task 1.
1. On the view tab, click slide master.
2. In the Edit Master group, click Insert Slide Master.
The new slide master appears below the existing slide master without theme, colours or effects.
Notice that this new Slide Master is numbered 2; since this is the second Slide Master of your
presentation.
94
UNIT 4 Presentation
3. Repeat the steps 1 to 8 in Activity 1 to add the following to the second slide master:
(i) to include a title and text in the slides

Note: Make sure you
(ii) to add a theme “slice”
have selected the Slide
Master 2 in the left
navigation pane
4. To use Arial Font
From the Background

group of the Slide Master tab
5. To use a background style 11
6. To add an image of “application program” (Access the Insert tab of the Ribbon,
Choose Online Pictures)
The new slide master gets added along the selected format applied as shown below:
95
7. Click Save.
8. Click the Close Master View button. This would get you back to the Normal view.
9. Access the Home Tab of the Ribbon and click New Slide button. This brings up the drop
down gallery as shown below.
You will notice that there are now two Slide Masters within the drop-down gallery with two
different themes (Facet and Slice). When you are adding slides to your presentation, it allows
you to choose any of these two themes.
96
UNIT 4 Presentation
Presentation task 2
Using the second Master Slide that you have created and saved in Activity 3, add
(i) one Title slide
(ii) two Title and Content layouts to the existing presentation as follows:
(iii) Save it as Presentation task 2.
97

The presentation with two different themes and layouts are used in one presentation (using
two sets of slide masters). It will appear as below:
Theme 1
Theme 2
98
END OF UNIT QUESTIONS UNIT 4 Presentation
1. Choose the correct answer by encircling the appropriate answer.
(a) The Slide Master feature is found in the tab.
A. Transitions B. Animations
C. View D. Home
(b)
If a logo needs to be inserted in the same position on every slide, it can be inserted
in the feature.
A. Handout Master B. Slide Master

C. Notes Master D. Animation
(c)
To be able to reuse a design scheme in future, it can be saved as a
.
A. Presentation B. Template
C. PDF D. Slideshow
2. Tick () True or False next to each of these statements.
TRUE FALSE
The Slide Master view is used to format all slides

in a presentation quickly.
Changes made in the Slide Master will not be

updated in other slides.
Only one Slide Master can be used in a presentation.
The Slide Master is found on top of all the slides

in the Slide Master view.
The layout masters are controlled by the Slide Master.
99
3. Complete each sentence below using one item from the list given at the bottom.
tab below above left
Slide Master Master Layout right themes

(a)
The view is a special feature that is used to format
all slides consistently.
(b)
The Slide Master contains all the commands to
change slide master and layouts.
(c)
In the command, we choose the elements to
include in the slide.
(d)
Layout masters are found the Slide Master.
(e)
The Slide Master is found in the navigation pane.
(f)
Two Slide Masters can be available in a presentation with two different
100
END OF UNIT QUESTIONS UNIT 4 Presentation
4. Label the different parts of the Slide Master View with the words below:
Close Slide Master view Slide Master tab Layout Masters
Slide Master placeholders

A
B
C D
101
5. What is the Slide Master View?
6. (a) What is a PowerPoint template?
(b) State how a template is useful to create PowerPoint presentations.
102
UNIT 4 Presentation
Additional Notes
103
UNIT 5 Internet
Unit
Internet
Learning Objectives
• Distinguish between different types of network, e.g. based on size and purpose
• Distinguish between different network topologies
• Differentiate between Intranet and Extranet
• List various network components and explain their importance
• Propose network components for a particular network
• Engage in e-discussions using the internet
• Create a website
Recall
A computer network is a set of two

or more computers connected together
for the purpose of sharing resources..
5.1 Network Components
Internet Service Provider (ISP)

PC Internet
An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company
that provides access to the Internet.
ISP
Network Interface Card (NIC)
The Network Interface Card (NIC) is

a component that takes information
from the computer and sends it out
onto the network. It may be integrated
into the computer’s motherboard or
may be a separate card.
105
WiFi
It is the name of the most popular wireless networking technology

that allows devices such as computers (laptops and desktops), mobile
devices (smart phones and tablet PCs), and other equipment (printers
and video cameras) to interface with the Internet. It uses radio waves
to provide wireless high-speed Internet.
Modem
A modem is a hardware that allows a computer to send

and receive data over a communication link or a cable.
Router
A router is a hardware that allows two or more

networks to be connected. For example, the router
allows communication between your local home
network - i.e. your personal computers and other
connected devices - and the Internet.
To access to the internet, the router must be connected to a MODEM. Today a combined
modem/router unit performs both these functions in one device.
Firewall
A firewall is a software or a hardware

that prevents unauthorised access to or
from a private network by monitoring and
controlling all incoming and outgoing
network traffic.
106
UNIT 5 Internet
Quick Test
Match the following network components with their appropriate definitions.
It is a software or a hardware that prevents

NIC
unauthorised access to or from a private network.
It is a hardware that allows a computer to send

ISP
and receive data over a communication a cable.
It is a hardware that allows two or more networks

WiFi
to be connected.
It is the company that provides you with access

MODEM
to the Internet.
It is a component that takes information from the

Router
computer and sends it out onto the network.
It uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed

Firewall
Internet.
5.2 Types of Networks
5.2.1 Personal Area Network
PAN (Personal Area Network) - A Personal

Area Network is a connection of devices for Digital Camera
Printer
an individual person within a small office or
room. A typical PAN would include one or Controller
Notebook
more computers, smart phones, tablets and
other peripheral devices.
Desktop Digital Television
Proposed network component(s) for PAN
Wireless PAN is most commonly achieved by using Bluetooth (wireless technology used
over short distances) which provides a range of a few meters.
Wired PAN is mostly done by using USB ports.
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5.2.2 Local Area Network client client
LAN (Local Area Network) – A Local Area

Network is a geographically small computer servers
LAN client
network. It can be in a single room, a building or
a group of buildings shared by many users. E.g. A
hub switch
school network.
client client
Proposed network components for LAN
1. Network Interface Card
The NIC can support both wireless and wired networks.
2. Interconnection
Connections can be done by using cables or Wireless Access Points (WAP).
Network cables are the wires which carry the information between the different
computers in a wired LAN.
For WAP, antennas are used to send out radio waves to computers which are
found in the wireless LAN.
5.2.3 Metropolitan Area Network

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) – The
Metropolitan Area Network is a network
designed for a larger geographical area such as a
town or city. Its main purpose is to connect LANs
together.
Proposed Network components for MAN

Uses the same components as in LANs and WANs.
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UNIT 5 Internet
5.2.4 Wide Area Network
WAN (Wide Area Network) – A Wide Area

Network is a network that spans over a very large
geographical area. It can connect computers
across the country or around the world.
Proposed Network components for WAN
1. Interconnection
It can be done by using cables or Wireless Access Points.
2. Server
It is a powerful computer which organizes and manages the communication

around the network. It also controls access to the files which are stored in a
central location.
3. An Internet connection
It can be via a modem or via a modem/router.
4. Firewall
The firewall is used to block any unauthorized access.
5.2.5 Storage Area Network

SAN (Storage Area Network) - A Storage Area Network (SAN) is a network of storage devices
accessible to multiple servers. It can span over a large geographical area and is useful for
companies with many branches.
Proposed Network
components for SAN
Storage Area
Network is made up
of components such
as servers, cables,
and storage devices.
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5.2.6 Virtual Private Network
VPN - A virtual private network (VPN)
allows a user to create a secure connection
over the Internet (public network) to access
a private network. For example, VPN allows
remote users and regional offices to access
the company’s head-office applications and
resources.
Proposed Network components for VPN
1. VPN Server
The VPN server acts as a connection point for the VPN users who are at a
remote location.
2. Router
The VPN server will use the router to provide services by providing remote
access to clients.
3. An Internet connection
Client using the VPN network must have an Internet connection to access the
VPN server.
4. Firewall
The firewall is used to block unauthorized access to the VPN server.
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UNIT 5 Internet
Types of network
PAN LAN MAN WAN SAN VPN
Limited to
Limited a building Limited Countrywide
Size
Worldwide Worldwide
to a room or a single to a city or Worldwide
site
A private
network
Connects
Connecting accessible
Connecting Connecting storage
devices in a Connecting over a public
Purpose
devices network across devices to

small room LANs across network.
within a the country or make them
for a single a city.
building. the World. accessible
person To protect
to servers.
online
privacy.
Quick Test
Fill in the blanks with the given words.
PAN LAN MAN WAN SAN VPN

i) A is a computer network that can be in a single room, a building

or a group of buildings shared by many users.
ii) A network designed for a larger geographical area such as a town is known
as .
iii) A is a network of storage devices accessible to multiple servers.
iv) A is a connection of devices for an individual person within a small
office.
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v) A allows a user to create a secure connection over the Internet
(public network) to access a private network.
vi) A is a network that can connect computers across the country
or around the world.
5.3 Network topologies

What is a network topology?
Network topology refers to the physical arrangement of a network. It defines the way different
nodes are placed and interconnected with each other.
(A node can be a computer or some other devices, such as a printer.)
There are five main types of network topologies namely:

i. Bus
ii. Ring
iii. Star
iv. Mesh
v. Tree.
5.3.1 Bus topology

Bus topology is a network type in
which every node is connected to a
single cable (bus).
5.3.2 Ring topology

It is called ring topology because each
node is connected to another node
forming a circular arrangement.
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UNIT 5 Internet
5.3.3 Star Topology

In the star topology, all nodes are connected to
a central server.
5.3.4 Mesh Topology

In a mesh topology, all nodes or devices are
connected to each other.
5.3.5 Tree Topology

The tree topology is also known as the hierarchical
topology where many connected elements are
arranged like the branches of a tree.
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Information Used
Topology Expansion Troubleshooting
Transfer for
One computer To add a If one computer

at a time sends computer, you malfunctions,
LAN
information along must shut down the entire network
the cable. the network. goes down.
Bus
If there’s a break
in the cable or an
error in the network,
information
Information goes The network is continues to
around the ring shut down until transfer through
LAN
until it reaches the the new device is the rest of the
Ring correct computer. added. ring until reaching
the point of the
break. This makes
troubleshooting
easy.
When one computer

goes down, the rest
All information Add a new
of the network is
passes through the computer by
unaffected. If the LAN
central network plugging in a new
central computer
connection. cable.
Star goes down, then the
network is down.
To add a new
computer, plug
one or more Troubleshooting
Data sent from
cables depending is most difficult
one computer is
on the number because information WAN
received by all the
of computers to can flow in different
other computers.
Mesh which the new routes.
device will be
connected to.
It is simple to
A transmission from Troubleshooting is
install and extend
any computer can easy by checking
the network by WAN
be received by all the branch which is
simply plug in the
Tree other computers. not working.
new device.
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UNIT 5 Internet
Quick Test
Bus Ring Star Mesh Tree

i) The topology is also known as the hierarchical topology.
ii) In the topology, all nodes are connected to a central server.
iii) The topology is a network type in which every node is connected
to a single cable.
iv) All nodes or devices are connected to each other in a topology.
v) In a topology, each node is connected to another node forming a
circular arrangement.
5.4 Intranet and Extranet

An intranet is a private network that is accessible to only people in an organisation.
For example: In a school intranet, educators can communicate between themselves, share
information and collaborate.
An extranet is also a private network that allows outsiders (extra) to communicate with users
of an intranet. For example: Suppliers can communicate with companies.
Intranet Extranet
People external to the

Internal employees
User organisation such as customers
of an organisation.
and suppliers can connect.
Internal communication like

Sending emails to customers or
Usage chatting and videoconferencing.
checking orders from suppliers.
Sharing of documents.
High security. Uses username

Security Uses VPN for secured
and password to identify the user
communication
and give access to the Intranet.
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Quick Test
State whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).
i) An intranet is a private network that is accessible to only people in an organisation.
( )
ii) An extranet is a public network. ( )
iii) An intranet uses VPN for secured communication. ( )
iv) Suppliers can use extranet to communicate with an organisation. ( )
v) Every employee in an organisation uses his/her username and password to access the
Intranet. ( )
5.5 Engage in E-discussion on the Internet

E-discussion is an online conversation among a group of people. The conversation can be in the
form of text, audio or videos. Requirements for E-discussion are:
• Internet connection
• eb tools such as videoconferencing, podcasting, vodcasting, wiki, blogs, social

W
networking, chat and forum.
• Participants
Participants
People engaged (involved actively) in the online discussion are called participants.
Their contributions can be in terms of:

• Response to posts
• Sharing of views and experiences
5.5.1 Videoconferencing
Videoconferencing is a live visual communication between two or more people that are from
different locations. The communication is done using computer networks. Examples of popular
videoconferencing software are Skype and WhatsApp.
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UNIT 5 Internet
Suggested Activity
With the help of your

teacher/parents make
a video call to discuss about
a particular topic.
5.5.2 Podcasting/Vodcasting
Podcasting is a free web service that makes audio files available for streaming and downloading.
Subscribers to the podcast will receive notifications of new audio files added to the websites.
When a video file is uploaded and distributed, it is called Vodcast.
Example of local websites that offers podcast:
Web sites Description
1 https://defimedia.info/
2 https://www.lexpress.mu/ RSS Feed
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Suggested Activity

teacher, search for three
more websites that offers
Podcast and note them
down below:
1: http://www.
2: http://www.
3: http://www.
Suggested Activity
With the help

of your teacher listen
or view a podcast/vodcast
and fill in the blank
spaces below
Web site link:
Podcast type: Audio or video (put a tick in the appropriate box)
Title of podcast:
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UNIT 5 Internet
5.5.3 Wiki
A Wiki is a website that allows internet users to view, add, delete and modify its contents. The
most popular Wiki is Wikipedia. It is considered as an online encyclopaedia.
Activity 1 - Working with Wikipedia
Step 1:
Visit Wikipedia.org
Step2:
In the search text box, type “Mauritius”.

Wikipedia will display the articles related to Mauritius
119
Step 3:

Scroll down the web page to reach the content section. The content section displays
hyperlink where you can go to a specific part of the article.
Step 4:
Search for “Cuisine” hyperlink and click on it

The following will appear on your screen
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UNIT 5 Internet
Step 5:
To contribute (edit) to this part, click on edit
Click Here
The following will appear on your screen and click on Start Editing
Step 6:
Add content about Mauritian Cuisine in the space provided on your screen.
Step 7:
With the help of your teacher add content
E.g. of contents can be:
Example 1:
Alouda is a delicious cold beverage made with milk, basil seeds and agar-agar jelly
which is especially refreshing on a hot summer day.
Example 2:
Rougaille or rougail is one of the classic Mauritian dishes that everyone on the island
loves. It is essentially a tomato-based dish, with incredibly rich flavours thanks to the
combination of spices used.
121
Step 8:
Publish changes
Scroll down the page and click on Publish
Step 9:
Go back to the Cuisine hyperlink and view your text in this section

Note: For the change to be permanent, you need to sign in to Wikipedia.
Congratulations!
5.5.4 Blogs
A blog or web log is like an online journal where a person can write his personal opinions or
thoughts. The blog is normally public. Someone who writes on blogs is called a blogger.
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UNIT 5 Internet
Suggested Activity
Visit a blog
Open a web browser and type the following

links to visit some blogs
http://blog.airmauritius.com/
https://www.bonjourmauritius.com/blog/
5.5.5 Social networking
Social networking is an online service where people can stay in touch with family, friends and
customers. Some of the different ways to communicate on social networking sites are:
• Posts and comments
• Video call
• Instant messaging
Some of the most common social networking web sites are:
1. Facebook
2. YouTube
3. Instagram
4. Twitter
5. WhatsApp
Good practice
on social networking sites:
• Do not share personal details like

date of birth, telephone number
and home address to strangers
• Do not share explicit photos online
• Do not click on suspicious links.
123
5.5.6 Chat
It involves two or more people communicating together in a chat room. The chat room offers
textual, audio and video communication facilities. One needs to sign in to join a chat room.
An example of an online chat room is https://tinychat.com
5.5.7 Online Forum
Online forums are websites used for debates and online discussion. People contribute to
the debate by posting messages. Online forums are also called newsgroups. Administrators
monitor all discussions and you need to sign in to be able to contribute to online forums.
Suggested Activity
Visit a website with online forums.
Follow the link below
https://www.expat.com/forum
https://www.bonjourmauritius.com/blog/
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UNIT 5 Internet
Quick Test
Match the following computer terms with their appropriate definition.
It is a website used for debates

Videoconferencing and online discussion where people
contribute by posting messages.
Podcast Wikipedia is an example.
A free web service that makes

Vodcast audio files available for streaming
and downloading.
It involves two or more people

Wiki
communicating together in a chat room.
It is a live visual communication

Blog between two or more people that
are from different locations.
It is an online service where people

Social Network can stay in touch with family, friends
and customers.
A free web service that makes

Chat video files available for streaming
and downloading.
It is an online journal where a person

Online Forum can write his personal opinions
or thoughts.
125
5.6 Create a web site
A website is a group of web pages that are connected together.
A webpage is part of the website that contains specific information.
To create a website/web page we will use a computer language called HTML.
What is HTML?
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is a computer language used to create
websites. HTML documents are files that contain tags and text.
A tag is an instruction written in a text file that is given to the web browser. The web browser
will interpret the tags and show the contents of the web site on the screen. It is recognized by
the <> symbol. E.g.<HTML>.
A tag can be an opening tag or a closing tag. <body> is an example of an opening tag and
</body> is an example of a closing tag.
Steps to create a simple web site

1. Open a blank text file
2. Write down HTML tags as shown below
3. Save text file and open in web browser
1. Blank Text File 2. Add HTML Tags 3. Display in browser
126
UNIT 5 Internet
Tipiyu: Observe all the

opening and closing tags
of the above HTML tags.
Write down the difference between an opening and closing tag.
Activity 1: Creating a simple website
In this activity we will create a simple web site with text and a background colour.
Step 1:
Open a blank Notepad
127
Step 2:
Type the following tags in the blank Notepad
Step 3:
Save your text file as “website.html”
128
UNIT 5 Internet
The icon of the file should appear like this.
If you are using other web browsers that icon will take the default web browser of your
computer.
Step 4:
Double click on the website icon to open your first web site
and it should appear as shown.
Note: T o get your website back in HTML format right click on

and choose open with Notepad
129
Congratulations!
You have created your first web site.
Let us now analyse some

of the HTML tags of the web site
you just created.
Tags Descriptions
It defines information about the website.

<head>
E.g giving a title to the web site.
<title> It gives a title to the website. In this case it is “Home Page”.
Title of web site
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UNIT 5 Internet
Tags Descriptions
It contains all the contents of an HTML page, such as text,

<body> images, videos and hyperlinks. “bgcolor” defines
the background colour of the HTML page.
 It means paragraph
 Bold text
 Italic text
 Change line
 Increase or decrease size of text
Activity 2: Modify Home page website

teacher modify your HTML
tags so that your web site
appears as follows.
Title of web site
paragraph
The background colour is grey
131
Activity 3: Inserting an image in a web site
Tags Descriptions
<img> It defines an image in an HTML document.

The width and height can be specified to describe the size of the image.
Step 1:
To insert an image in an HTML document, you need first to identify
an image on your computer. If you do not have one, you can download
it. Save the image in a folder and name it “web”.
The picture that we will use is Tipiyu
Step 3:
Open a notepad and write down the following html tags. Save your text file as website.
html in the folder “web”
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UNIT 5 Internet
Your website should appear like this:
Quick Test
HTML opening website markup

<body> webpage image tag
i) A is a group of web pages that are connected together.
ii) is a computer language used to create websites.
iii) A tag is an instruction written in a text file that is given to the web browser.
iv) A is part of a website that contains specific information.
v) A tag can be an opening tag or a tag.
vi) HTML stands for Hyper Text Language.
vii) The tag <img>defines an in an HTML document.
viii) The tag contains all the contents of an HTML page, such as text,
images, videos and hyperlinks.
133
1. What do the following acronyms stand for? An example has been given.
CPU: Central Processing Unit
LAN:
ISP:
WAN:
NIC:
SAN:
VPN:
PAN:
HTML:
2.
Circle the correct answer.
(i) What is the name of the following hardware?

A. Server
B. Router
C. ISP
D. NIC
(ii) The smallest type of network is .

A. SAN
B. MAN
C. WAN
D. PAN
(iii) Which of the following is a ring topology?
A. B. C. D.
(iv) An intranet is a private network that is accessible to .

A. only people in an organisation
B. only people in another organisation
C. the public
D. only people outside an organisation
(v) A/An is the company that provides you with access to the Internet.
A. Intranet Service Provider
B. Internet Service Provider
C. Web Server
D. Extranet
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END OF UNIT QUESTIONS UNIT 5 Internet
(vi) refers to the physical arrangement of a network.

A. Network component
B. Network interface
C. Network map
D. Network topology
(vii) What is the following hardware?

A. A router
B. A Network Interface Card
C. A MODEM
D. A motherboard
(viii) This diagram refers to a topology.

A. tree
B. bus
C. mesh
D. ring
(ix) Which of the following is a data transfer network that makes a network of storage
devices accessible to multiple servers?
A. Virtual Private Network
B. Storage Area Network
C. Local Area Network
D. Wide Area Network
(x) Another name for a Tree topology is .

A. Branch topology
B. Pyramid topology
C. Hierarchical topology
D. Bus topology
(xi) is like an online journal where a person can write his personal
opinions or thoughts.
A. Wiki
B. Blog
C. Podcast
D. Social Network
135
(xii) is a live visual communication between two or more people that
are from different locations.
A. Vodcast
B. Online Forum
C. Videoconferencing
D. Wiki
(xiii) Which of the following is NOT a social network?

A. facebook.com
B. google.com
C. instagram.com
D. twitter.com
(xiv) A is a group of web pages that are connected together.

A. website
B. web log
C. wiki
D. blog
(xv) is a computer language used to create websites.

A. Scratch
B. Logo
C. Flowchart
D. HTML
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3. Indicate whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).
Put a tick () in the appropriate column.
True False
1. A WAN is bigger than a LAN.
2. A PAN is used to connect LANs across a city.
3. A VPN is a public network.
4. In the ring topology, all nodes are connected to a central device.
If the central computer in a star topology goes down,

5.
the whole network is down.
6. WiFi uses radio waves to provide wireless Internet.
An Intranet is used by people outside the organisation

7.
such as customers.
An Internet Service Provider is hardware that gives access

8.
to the Internet.
9. A firewall can be a software or a hardware.
A router allows communication between a home network

10.
and the Internet.
11. Someone who writes on blogs is called a blogger.
Subscribers to the podcast will receive notifications

12.
of new audio files added to the websites.
13. </body> is an example of an opening tag.
14. The extension of a webpage is .html.
15. “bgcolor” defines the background colour of an HTML page.
137
4. Complete the following sentences with the given words.
firewall star VPN WiFi intranet router
Internet Service Provider tree wiki MAN
i) A is a software program or a hardware that prevents unauthorized

access to a network.
ii) A is a hardware that allows two or more networks to be connected.
iii) is the name of the most popular wireless networking technology.
iv) An is the company that provide you with access to the Internet.
v) An is a private network that is accessible to only people in an

organisation.
vi) In the topology, all nodes are connected to a central hub.
vii) The topology is also known as the hierarchical topology.
viii) A allows a user to create a secure connection over the Internet to

access a private network.
ix) topology is designed for a larger geographical area such as a town

or city.
x) A is a website that allows internet users to view, add, delete and

modify its contents.
138
5. (a) Name the 5 main types of network topologies.

(b) Draw a Star Topology in the space provided.
139
6. Complete the following HTML codes with the given tags:
<BODY> </HTML> </TITLE> 
<!Doctype HTML>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> My Website <________>
</HEAD>
<_______>
Welcome to my website<_____>
</BODY>
<_______>
7. Define the following computer terms
Internet Service Provider:

MODEM:

HTML:

140
UNIT 5 Internet
Additional Notes
141
UNIT 6 Multimedia
Unit
Multimedia
Learning Objectives
• Create comic strips using an appropriate authoring tool
6.1 Comic Strips
What is a Hi Tommy. Hi Tipiyu. Come with me

comic strip? What are you thinking Do you know what in the computer
about? a comic strip is? laboratory. I will
show you.
Cool!
Somewhere in school... Tommy meets Tipiyu Tommy is happy
What is a comic strip?

What is
Dialogue
a comic strip?
A comic strip is a sequence

Image
of images found in
boxes, which make use of
dialogues and captions
to tell a story.
Box
Note: A box in a comic strip Caption Somewhere in school...

is also called a panel.
Figure 6.1
143
What is a caption in a comic strip?
A caption provides the reader with additional messages about what is happening in the panel.
In figure 6.1, the caption is used to describe a particular situation or to indicate the action the
character is performing.
Another example of a caption in a comic strip is found below:
Meanwhile, the boy

Caption
is playing football
What is dialogue in a comic strip?
A Dialogue represents the thought or the speech of the character. Dialogues are found in
speech bubbles or speech balloons. The tail in the speech balloon indicates the source of
speech. Speech balloon shows the emotions of the character.
Tail
Did you know
People who creates comic strips

are called comic artists.
144
UNIT 6 Multimedia
There are 4 main types of speech balloons:
Speech balloons Description Example
Hi Tipiyu.
Do you know what
General speech a comic strip is
balloon
1 The character’s dialogue
is represented by this
speech balloon.
Secret/ Whisper Hey Tommy.

balloon Do not tell anyone
It is used when you want I am a comic artist.
your character to convey
2
a secret or whisper
some words. This speech
balloon is characterised
by its dotted line.
What is a
comic strip?
Thought balloon
3 It is used to show
someone is thinking.
Sound/Expression text
balloon
It is used when a sound
Cool!
is introduced in the story.
4
For example POW,
ZOOM, VROOM , OUCH!
and Cool! can be written
in the speech balloons.
145
6.2 Steps to create a comic strip
Step 1:
Writing a script
A script allows you to write the story. The story should have a beginning, a middle and an end.
A storyboard can be used to show the sequence of actions. In a comic strip it is not important
to write all the details about the story.
Step 2:
Deciding the format
At this stage, it is important to decide on the number of panels that would be used. As a start,
use 1 row with 3 to 4 panels.
1 row
3 panels
Step 3: Using an authoring tool to design the comic strips
There are many online and offline authoring tools that are available to design comic strips.
Examples of an online authoring tool to design a comic strip are:

1. https://www.toondoo.com
2. https://www.stripgenerator.com
3. https://www.pixton.com
Examples of an offline authoring tool to design a comic strip are:

1. Cosy comic strip creator
2. Comic life
3. Microsoft Powerpoint
146
UNIT 6 Multimedia
6.3 Designing a comic strip on: Reporting to your educator

in case of a problem in the computer laboratory
6.3.1 Planning the comic strip

The script is written in bulleted form.
Beginning (1 panel)
• Sound “PAW!” from socket in laboratory.
• Tommy says “ OMG”. (Tommy does not appear in the panel)
Middle (1 panel)
• Tommy is feeling shocked.
• Text: What is this sound? Oh, I need to report this problem to the teacher.
End (1 panel)
• Tommy says: I heard a strange sound coming from the electrical sockets.
• Tipiyu : Thank you for reporting this problem.
This comic strip will contain three panels.
147
Storyboard
To plan a comic strip a storyboard template can be of great help.
Dangers of overloading Name:
electrical sockets Date:
BEGINNING Caption:
Text of caption: Somewhere in the
computer laboratory
Photo of overloaded
electrical sockets
Speech balloon: Sound
Expression Text: PAW! And OMG
MIDDLE Speech balloon: General

Text: What is this sound? Oh, I need
Photo of Tommy to report this problem to the
teacher.
END Speech balloon: General

Text: Tipiyu I heard a strange sound
coming from the electrical
Photo of Tommy
sockets.
Speech balloon: General

Photo of Tipiyu Text: Thank you Tommy for reporting
this problem to me.
148
UNIT 6 Multimedia
6.3.2 Using Microsoft Powerpoint 2016 to create the comic strip
Before creating the comic strip, we must first gather photos as mentioned in the storyboard's panel.
Beginning
overloaded socket
Middle
End
149
Creating the comic strip in MS PowerPoint
Step 1:
Insert 3 panels (rectangles) using shapes in MS PowerPoint
Click Here
Your slide should look like this.
150
UNIT 6 Multimedia
Step 2 :
Refer to the storyboard and fill the first panel.
Dangers of overloading Name:

Date:
electrical sockets
BEGINNING Caption:
Text of caption: Somewhere in the
computer laboratory
Photo of overloaded
electrical sockets
Speech balloon: Sound
Expression Text: PAW! And OMG
• Insert photo of overloaded socket.

• Insert caption using a rectangle.
• Insert 2 speech balloons.
Insert photo of overloaded socket
Operation: Insert -> Pictures
151
The slide will look like this:
Insert caption
To insert a caption use a rectangle and insert the text “Somewhere in the computer laboratory”.
152
UNIT 6 Multimedia
Add speech balloon
All speech balloons are found in the shape option MS PowerPoint.
We will add 2 stars banners from shapes as sound balloon
153
Step 3:
For the 3 other panels, follow the storyboard and your comic strip should look like this:
Tipiyu: With the help of your teacher, design a comic strip on one
of the following topics. You can use the storyboard template
available in the annex section of the book.
• Repetitive strain injury

• Back pain
154
END OF UNIT QUESTIONS UNIT 6 Multimedia
Question 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Choose from the list below.
speech bubbles, dialogues, tail, script
(a) A comic strip contains graphics , captions and
(b) The first step to design a comic strip is to write a
(c) Another name for speech balloons is
(d) The of a speech balloon allows you to know the source of a speech.
Question 2
Name the 4 types of speech balloons.
1.
2.
3.
4.
155
Question 3
Tommy wants to prevent other students from accessing his documents. He asks Tipiyu for help
in this matter.
Rearrange the panels of the comic strip in a logical order. Insert the numbers in the correct
order in the space provided below.
By using No Tommy, your

a password. Can I tell you
password should
my password?
be kept secret.
Panel Number: __________
156
UNIT 6 Multimedia
Additional Notes
157
UNIT 7 HEALTH, SAFETY & ETHICS
Unit
HEALTH, SAFETY & ETHICS
Learning Objectives
• Analyse the key features in a Data Protection Act
• Define ownership, copyright & plagiarism of Internet resources
• Distinguish between ownership and copyright
• Show an understanding of how to avoid accidental plagiarism when using Internet sources
• Explain the potential health hazards related to the prolonged use of ICT equipment
• Discuss how to prevent health hazards when using ICT equipment
• Analyse the potential dangers of the Internet
7.1 The importance of data backups

Data is the most important aspect of a computer system. Data backup is a method to make
copies of existing data. The main reason to do backup is to recover the data in case of loss. Data
loss can be caused by hardware malfunctions, software corruptions, human errors, computer
viruses or natural disasters.
7.2 KEY FEATURES IN A DATA PROTECTION ACT

Data backups can be stored on any storage media available. They can be stored at the same
location (at home or in the office) or at a different location. It is also recommended to make
them on a consistent and regular basis.
Personal information should be carefully

What is privacy?
protected against misuse. A Data Protection
Act is a law to protect personal information
Privacy refers to keeping
held electronically.
one’s personal information
and affairs to oneself.
The objective of the Data Protection Act is to
protect the privacy of people when collecting,
manipulating and storing personal data.
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7.2.1 Key Features in the Data Protection Act
• The person has the right to know what information

is collected about him/her.
• Any information should be collected legally.
• Any information collected should be kept safe and secure.
• Any information collected should be true, accurate and up to date.
• Any information collected should be kept only as long as it is needed.
• Any information collected should be used only for that particular

purpose and not for other purposes.
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Quick Test
Tick (√) True or False next to each of these statements.
TRUE FALSE
Any information collected should be kept safe and secure.
Personal information can be shared with everybody.
Data backup is a process to make copies of existing data.
Data backup should be done rarely.
Any information collected should be used only for that particular

purpose and not for other purposes.
A person has the right to know what information

is collected about him/her.
7.3 OWNERSHIP, COPYRIGHT AND PLAGIARISM

OF INTERNET RESOURCES
Internet resources are web pages, encyclopaedias, eBooks, databases, online newspapers,
magazines, and publications that provide useful information on the Internet.
There are many organisations, companies, schools, individual people, and governments that
provide resources on the Internet.
The creator of a resource on the Internet becomes the owner or author of that information.
Ownership is the legal right for the creation of resources.
Examples of original works: Literature, music, choreography, pictures, sculptures,

movies, software, and architectural works.
Copyright © is a law that gives the owner of a work (such as a book, movie, picture, song or
website) the right to say how other people can use it. For example, the owner of an Internet
resource can give permission to others to reproduce his/her work. The purpose of a copyright
is to protect the work of a person on the Internet.
Plagiarism is a form of stealing another person’s resources and claiming it as one’s own. For
example, copying and pasting information from a website without acknowledging the owner
of the resource.
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7.4 Distinguish between ownership and copyright
Consider the following example:
When you buy an original painting, you buy the physical object. You own only the artwork,
not the copyright to it. The copyright remains with the artist unless the latter gives you the
permission to copy or modify the work. It is the same as when you buy a book, film, music, etc.
You have the right to own and enjoy the item but not the right to reproduce it.
Therefore, ownership is when you buy something, you own it; whereas copyright gives an
individual the right to sell, copy and distribute that item.
7.5 Show an understanding of how to avoid accidental

plagiarism when using Internet sources
Often without realising, students may be guilty of plagiarism. However, most cases of
student plagiarism are accidental. For example, including incorrect or inappropriate use of
Internet sources.
In order to avoid accidental plagiarism, the following methods can be used.
1. Acknowledging Internet sources
To avoid plagiarism, you must always give recognition whenever you use another person’s
work. This means that if you are using information obtained from another source, then you
must properly cite that source.
2. Use plagiarism checkers
Make use of a plagiarism software, if you are worried that you might have accidentally
plagiarised. Nowadays, there are many free online plagiarism checkers.
Examples of free plagiarism

checkers are:
• DupliChecker
• Grammarly
• Paperrater
• Plagiarisma
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3. Paraphrase correctly
Paraphrasing refers to keeping the same meaning of an original text without copying the
same words. Make sure that you use your own words when you summarise texts written by
other authors.
4. Use quotation marks
Make sure you use quotation marks every time you use an author’s exact words.
Quick Test
Below is a list of statements. State whether these are TRUE or FALSE. Put a tick () in the
appropriate column.
TRUE FALSE
It is important to use quotation marks when using

an author’s exact words.
Plagiarism is not a serious offence.
DupliChecker is not a free online plagiarism checker software.
Paraphrasing refers to keeping the same meaning

of an original text without copying the same words.
There is a copyright law that protects original works

on the Internet.
163
7.6 Potential health hazards related
to the prolonged use of ICT equipment
The more a person uses a computer a person uses, the more he/she is exposed to health risks.
Health risks have been mainly caused by the increased use of computers and equipment.
Health risk Explanation Causes Precautions

• Take frequent
breaks
• R
epetitive use
• A
dopt the correct
Pain that occurs in of keyboard
sitting posture
muscles, nerves and and mouse
Repetitive Strain – correct angle
tendons (especially
Injury (RSI) • Spending too of arms to the
the wrist or fingers)
much time keyboard and
due to repetitive
on computer mouse
use of computer
games
equipment. • M
ake proper use
• Bad posture of a wrist rest when
using a mouse and
keyboard
• A
dopt a good
seating posture.
Use an adjustable
chair and keyboard
(lower than the
elbow, top of the
monitor at eye
Pain caused by sitting
• Prolonged level)
in a poor posture on
sitting in a bad
Back and neck a chair and facing a • Avoid prolonged
posture
problems desktop monitor for use of a computer
long hours causing • Not using in a fixed position
muscle soreness and appropriate
• U
se foot rests to
muscle fatigue. furniture
reduce posture
problems
• Use ergonomic
furniture and
ergonomic devices
• Take regular breaks
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Health risk Explanation Causes Precautions

• Adjust the
brightness of
the screen to the
surroundings
and avoid high
brightness settings
The eye is not
naturally designed • Avoid placing
to be used for fixed screens close to
focus for long periods • Radiation the eyes and using
of time and monitors emitted by screens beyond
emit radiation. the screen their designed
Eye strain
resolution
(tiredness of Hence, prolonged • D
irt on the
the eyes) and exposure to screen • Take frequent
headaches computers, tablets, breaks and try
• G
lare on the
and smartphones focusing the
screen
cause eye strain. eyes to a further
• L ooking at a distance
The muscles that
monitor which
focus your eyes do • E nsure that there
is a constant
not move, and so is no screen flicker;
distance away
get tired and painful. this can lead to eye
strain
Eye-strain can also
cause headaches. • Use antiglare
screens if lighting
in the room is
a problem
• K
eep the screen
clean
This is a list of some common advice to reduce health problems associated with the use of
computers.
• Good posture and positioning

• Comfort
• Encouraging movement and exercise
• Taking breaks
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Items that can be provided in an office or computer lab to give the user more control
include: variable lighting, curtains or blinds, multiple working positions, user adjusted
devices (chair height, keyboard position etc.)
Bad posture Good posture Ergonomic chair
THE CORRECT POSTURE WHILE USING A COMPUTER
The science of how we interact with the objects around us is called ergonomics.
An ergonomic chair is one that fits the body well, giving support to areas such as the lower back.
166
Quick Test
1. Fill in the blanks using the words given below.
back pain breaks adjustable chair eye strain radiation RSI
1. Staring for long hours at a screen may cause .
2. A fully must be used to avoid neck pain.
3. on the monitor can cause tiredness of the eyes.
4. refers to pain that occurs in muscles, nerves

and tendons.
5. Bending over your computer can cause .
6. Taking regular while using a computer avoid most

health problems.
Quick Test
2. Multiple choice questions. Please circle the correct answers.
(a) What is ergonomics?

A. The science of studying human behaviour.
B. The science concerned with designing safe and comfortable equipment for humans.
C. Making sure that accidents don’t happen at work.
(b) Which statement is NOT related to health and safety?

A Use an adjustable chair.
B. All hardware must be in perfect working condition.
C. Take regular breaks while using a computer.
(c) A chair that is not adjustable can lead to which health problem?
A. Back pain B. Eye strain C. Fever
(d) Typing for long hours can cause which of the following problems?
A. Heart ache B. Repetitive strain injury C. Belly pain
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(e) A flickering screen is most likely to cause which type of health problem?
A. Eye strain B. Back pain C. Wrist pain
(f) Which of the following can help prevent obesity?

A. Good posture
B. Regular exercise
C. Ergonomic chairs
7.7 Potential dangers of the Internet
Excessive use of the Internet can be harmful

to the health and social development
of a child.
TERM EXPLANATION DANGERS
Hackers can steal private

Gaining illegal access
Hacking and confidential information,
to a computer system.
like photos and videos.
Children can make wrong usage

Kids can accidentally or
of these materials and change
Inappropriate incidentally encounter materials
their sexual attitude. Children
content that are not related to their age,
can behave as what they see
like adult content (pornography).
in pornography.
Expert manipulators can enter chat They can create fake profiles
Chat room
rooms or social media to find and and befriend children by
predators
trap young children. pretending to be the same age.
It is a tiny program intentionally Infect computers, delete

Virus
created to cause harm to a important data or make
infection
computer system. the computer unusable.
Sending and receiving nude or Defamation and damage

Sexting
partially nude photos or videos. to reputation.
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TERM EXPLANATION DANGERS
Gaming Online games can have hidden They can include sexual content,
addiction dangers. violence and vulgour language.
Sending harassing messages

Using the Internet and related
to cause harm. Like using the
Cyber technologies to harm and harass
Internet to spread lies, make
bullying other people in a deliberate
offensive comments, death
and repeated manner.
threats, etc.
People with bad intentions can
befriend them and misuse data
Many teenagers misuse social that is personal and private
Social networks and disclose a lot of for activities like pirating their
networking personal information like phone account or identity theft. They
numbers, addresses, age etc… can hack their account, steal
their identity and also post
private images on social media.
Unwanted contacts, especially
with adults who pretend to
An adult befriending a child
be children. Abusers are able
Pedophilia with the intent to prepare them
to hide behind false online
for sexual abuse.
identities and build a falsely
perceived personal connections.
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1. Match the following. An example is given below.
Column A Column B Column C
Copying someone else’s work

1. Data backup A 1. E
and claiming it as your own.
A tiny program created

2. Eye strain B 2.
intentionally to destroy data.
It is a set of laws that protects

3. Data Protection Act C
an author’s work. 3.
Pain caused by incorrect sitting

4. Virus D 4.
posture for a long period of time.
A method to make copies

5. Ownership E 5.
of existing data.
6. Hacking F Tiredness of the eyes. 6.
It is a law that protects personal

7. Plagiarism G 7.
information.
An acronym for Repetitive

8. Back pain H 8.
Strain Injury.
Refers to the legal right for the

9. Copyright I 9.
creation of resources.
The act of gaining illegal access

10. Ergonomics J 10.
to a computer system.
The science of how we interact

11. RSI K 11.
with the objects around us.
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END OF UNIT QUESTIONS UNIT 7 HEALTH, SAFETY & ETHICS
2. Define the following terms:
(a) Ownership
(b) Copyright
(c) Plagiarism
(d) Hacking
171
(e) Virus
(f) RSI
(g) Data back up
3. Give an example of a plagiarism act.
4. Name one plagiarism checker.
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END OF UNIT QUESTIONS UNIT 7 HEALTH, SAFETY & ETHICS
5. Differentiate between ownership and copyright.
6. State any three methods that can be used to avoid accidental plagiarism.
7. Give two items in the Data Protection Act.
8. (a) State two health problems associated to the use of computers.
1)
2)
b) State two precautions that need to be taken to avoid such health problems.
1)
2)
173
9 (a) List three dangers that one can encounter while using the Internet.
1)
2)
b)
Name three precautions that need to be taken to avoid potential dangers of
the Internet.
1)
2)
3)
174
Additional Notes
175
COVER IMAGE
ON Practical problem solving
and programming
WILL BE ADDED
UNIT 8 Practical problem solving and programming
Practical problem solving

8
Unit
and programming
Learning Objectives
• Draw flowcharts to solve simple problems
• Dry run flowcharts
• Write computer programs for simple problems
RECAP: Flowchart Grade 8
A flowchart is a diagram which uses symbols to represent problem solving steps. Lines and
arrows are used to show the sequences in which the steps occur. The shape of the symbol
indicates which type of information goes into the symbol.
Flowchart symbols
Symbols Description
Start This symbol indicates the start of a flowchart.
Stop This symbol indicates the end of a flowchart.
Input Input symbol is used to insert data for processing.
Output Output symbol is used to display data after processing.
It is used whenever there is a calculation, sorting, or matching

Process
to be carried out.
It refers to a decision which results in two possible choices.

Decision?
The answer to the Decision/Question can either be Yes or NO.
Flowlines
The flowlines indicates the movement of the data.
177
Dry run flowcharts
A dry run is a technique which is used to test a flowchart by recording different values in a
trace table. It is possible to see what happens to these values as they follow the sequence of a
flowchart. This method can be used to check for errors which may exist in the flowchart logic.
A dry run can be done on paper by simply following a program flowchart, recording the values
which are used at each stage and writing the changes in a trace table.
Trace table
A trace table enables the recording of values (variables) which are used to dry-run the flowchart.
It also shows the output after these values have been processed.
Variable
Values must be stored in memory so that they can be processed. There are many locations in
the memory. A variable is a memory location which is given a symbolic name and the content
of the location can change during the execution of a program.
A variable can be pictured like a box which can hold a value ( text or number). A label (variable
name) is placed on the box.
Value which
is entered while
the program is being
executed
15
Age Age
Label or Variable name Age = 15
178
The following is a flowchart which adds two numbers:

START
• INPUT: Num1, Num2
• PROCESS: SUM (Num1 + Num2)
• OUTPUT: SUM INPUT Num1
INPUT Num1
The symbols
in the flowchart above SUM (Num1 + Num2)
are arranged in a specific
order which is known
as a Sequence.
OUTPUT SUM
STOP
The following sets of numbers will be used to dry run this flowchart.
Set 1: 8, 6.
Set 2: 3, 10.
Trace table:
Variables
Num1 Num2 SUM OUTPUT

Set 1
8 6 8 + 6 = 14 14
Variables
Num1 Num2 SUM OUTPUT
Set 2
3 10 3 + 10 = 13 13
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Activity 1
Try these values in the trace table above:
a) Set A: 58, 17
b Set B: 4, 7
Draw flowcharts to solve simple problems
Problem:
Create a flowchart which allows the user to enter a mark for an ICT test. If the mark is greater
than 49, then output Pass else output Fail.
Break down the problem into smaller steps which are easier to understand and solve.
This is called Step down refinement.
START
• INPUT: Mark
(Mark is a variable which can have

any value between 0 and 100)
INPUT Mark
• IF Mark > 49, OUTPUT “Pass”
IF Marks
Yes
OUTPUT "Pass"
> 49?
No
OUTPUT "Fail"
A decision symbol
is used to show a
condition which may have
two possible outcomes. STOP
180
Modify the flowchart to allow the insertion of marks for five students.
Problem break down:

START
The challenge is to repeat the INPUT
of marks five times. This can be done
by creating a loop.
Counter = 0
A new variable called Counter will be

used to count the number of times
that the steps are repeated. INPUT Mark
Each time that a new Mark is INPUT,

1 will be added to the Counter. Counter = Counter + 1
Counter = Counter + 1 is a new process

which must be added in the Sequence.
IF Marks
Yes
OUTPUT "Pass"
> 49?
No
OUTPUT "Fail"
IS Counter
= 5?
Yes
STOP
A loop is used to show

steps that are repeated
many times.
181
Activity 2: C
omplete the trace table below with the following marks:
10, 80, 45, 78, 60
Mark Mark> 49 Output
Activity 3: C
omplete the flow chart below by using
the words from the list:

List:
OUTPUT “cool weather”
INPUT Temp
START
OUTPUT “hot weather” Yes No

IF Temp
< 32?
STOP
182
Write computer programs for simple problems
Before moving to Programming you may consider the following:
Structured English is an intermediate language which makes use of

English language and programming logic in order for non-technical
users to understand the program steps. It uses straight forward English
words and capitalise keywords to show the logical steps.
Some common keywords which are used in Structured English are:
BEGIN/END Shows the beginning and the end of statements
READ, INPUT Used to show input
PRINT, OUTPUT Used to show output
CREATE, CLOSE,
Used for processes
UPDATE, DELETE
A construct is used to control the order or flow by which instructions

are executed. There are three logic constructs which are commonly
used:
Sequence
The order by which the steps occur. In structured English each line is
called a statement and they are executed from top to bottom.
Selection
A selection is used when a statement or a set of statements is executed
only if a certain condition is met.
Repetition/Iteration
It refers to a set of statements which are executed multiple times in the
program.
183
Introducing PYTHON
A program is a set of instructions that the computer executes. To create programs we use
special programs known as programming languages.
Programming refers to the action of writing program instructions. These instructions or lines
of codes are called program statements.
Python is an easy to use programming language. The Python software is free and it can be
downloaded from the following URL:
https://www.python.org/downloads/
On the Python web site you can choose the version which is the most appropriate for your
operating system.
184
With the help of your teacher download the Python installer, double click on its icon and follow
the instructions:
1. Select install for all users and click next.
2. Leave the default directory unchanged and click next.
3. Ignore the customize Python section and click next.
After installing the program, create a shortcut on the task bar to access it easily.
1. Click on
2. Click on
3. Move your pointer across the screen until you locate Python in the list.
Right click on the Python icon. Then click on Pin to taskbar.
To start Python, click on the icon which is found on the task bar.
185
The Python Screen
The 3 greater- than sign >>> is called the prompt. Commands are typed at the place which is
indicated by the prompt and the Enter key is used to execute the command.
Menu
Prompt
Saving your file
To save the file for future use, Click on File, Save.
186
Type a file name and select a location.
PYTHON Commands
OUTPUT print ( ) command
The print command is used to output/display information. Type the command and strike Enter.
Displaying Strings/Characters
A string is a sequence of characters that the computer can process. Single quotes or double
quotes can be used. The quotes indicate to Python that what is inside the bracket is a string.
print (‘c’) The program will output c
187
print (‘computer’) The program will output computer
Displaying Numbers
To display numbers, no quotes are used.
print (1) The program will output 1
Print (6+9) The program will output 15
188
Activity 4: Try the following commands in Python.
a) print (2+5)
b) print (10 – 8)
c) print (40 * 3)
d) print (100/4)
e) print (5+6-2)
Displaying Strings using operators
print (‘computer’ + ‘studies’ ) The program will output computerstudies
print (‘computer’ * 2) The program will output computercomputer
189
Working with Variables John
As we have seen above, a variable is a memory location

which stores a value. The value can change when Python
is running. You can imagine it like a box on which a label
(variable name) is written. A number or string can be
inserted inside the box.
The variable name is Name and the string which it stores

is John
e
Nam
Commands:
Name = (‘John’)
Print (Name)
The program will output John the string which is found in the variable Name
Variable name
output Value inside the variable
Activity 5: Work out the following commands in Python
a) Age = 15
print (Age)
b) Text = ‘New variable created’
print ( Text )
190
INTPUT- input () command
The input () command allows you to read the data which is typed on the screen. This data is
then sent to a variable. Data which is stored in variables can be further processed or displayed.
Problem: Writing codes to allow the user to enter a Name in a variable and then output the
content of that variable.
Commands:
Name = input(‘Enter a name’)
Print (Name)
Steps: 1
input (‘Enter a name’) is the command

which will display a message asking
the user to type a name.
The variable Name is used to store
the name which the user types.
Steps: 2 - After typing the above command press enter.
Python displays a message for the user

to type a name.
191
Steps: 3 – Type the string Paul which will be sent to the variable Name.
The user types a name example Paul.
Steps: 4 – Use the print command to display the content of the variable Name
The print(Name) command displays the content of variable

Name which is Paul.
192
Activity 6
a) Write Python statements to allow the user to enter a value in the variable Age and
then output its content.
Selection - IF STATEMENT
In programming we use a selection statement to do a comparison. The if statement is

constructed as follows:
if expression :
print statement or statements for true
else:
print statement or statements for false
Consider the flowchart created above to check marks and output Pass if the mark is greater
than 49 else Fail if the mark is 49 or less.
Expression to evaluate the mark which is

Command to display output stored in the variable. It is important to
if comparison is true. type: after the if and the else.
The alternative expression.

Command to display output
if comparison is false.
193
Loop
A loop is used when some steps/statements are repeated a number of times.
Example: 1
To print a string a number of times. The while command can be used to do this.
while expression:
print statement or statements
This statement refers to the condition

Add 1 to the variable counter which
which allows the print command to be
keeps track of how many times the
executed 3 times. Note that the counter
statement is executed.
starts at 0.
The string in the variable word is printed 3 times.
194
Example: 2
The for command can also be used to create loops.
for expression:
print statement or statements
To print a list of names, we use the for loop to print all the elements which are in the list one
after the other. The list contains 3 names John, Anne, Paul.
Variable or list containing the names. The for loop will take each item (x) in the
Remember to use ‘ ‘ for strings. list Names in turn.
Print (x) will cause the program to print

each value of X in the list Names.
195
Loops can also be used to do operations inside a string. For example, the variable Word contains
the string computer. The following codes display each character which makes up the string.
Variable containing the string ‘Computer’. For each value of (x) in the string ‘computer’.

each character in the string ‘Computer’.
196
Loops can also be done to display values which falls in a range.
The range function returns a sequence of numbers starting from 0 which is the default value.
output
Statement which defines
the range for the loop.
numbers in the range.
Note: range (10) starts with 0 and ends with 9.
Activity 7
a) Write Python statements to allow the user to input an Age and print “Adult” if the
age is greater than 21 and “Youngster” if the age is 20 or less.
b) Write Python statements to allow the user to input his name and display it five times.
c) Write Python statements to allow the user to input his name and output each
alphabets separately.
197
1. Fill in the blanks in the sentences below by using the following keywords:
selection statement loop construct

program flowchart programming
i) Set of instructions which allows the computer to do a specific task.
ii) A line of code in a program.
iii) It is used to control the flow by which instructions are executed.
iv) Allows the program to execute a set of statements instead of another.
v) A set of instructions which are executed several times.
vi) The use of symbols to represent a program sequence.
2. a) Complete the flowchart by using the words from the list below.
START
List:
OUTPUT "Is a college student"

INPUT Year of
INPUT Current year
OUTPUT "Must leave school"

IF Age > 19?
Age = Current year - Year of birth
Yes IF Age
No
> 19?
STOP
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END OF UNIT QUESTIONS UNIT 8 Practical problem solving and programming
b) Complete the trace table for the above flow chart with the following year of birth:
2000, 1998, 2005, 2010
Year of birth Age > 19 Output
C ) Write Python statements for the flowchart at A above.
199
Additional Notes
200
Additional Notes
201
UNIT 9 Databases
Unit
Databases
Learning Objectives
• Create queries
• Create forms
• Create reports
9.1 What are queries?

Queries allow retrieving of information from a database based on certain conditions. In other
words, queries provide answers to specific questions set to the database.
Consider the table below called Books.
BookID Title AuthorName YearPublished Language NumPages BookFormat QtyInStock
Antoine de
1 Le Petit Prince 2001 French 85 Hardcover 12
Saint-Exupéry
Harry Potter
2 à l'école des J.K. Rowling 2011 French 321 Paperback 8
sorciers
The Wonky
3 Craig Smith 2010 English 24 Paperback 3
Donkey
Harry Potter
4 and the Goblet J.K. Rowling 2019 English 464 Hardcover 2
of Fire
5 Cendrillon Charles Perrault 2013 French 26 Paperback 8
203
Adding Criteria to a Query
Criteria are used to get the most specific information from a query. A criterion is similar to
a formula. Some criteria are simple and use basic operators and constants.
A bookstore clerk might want to know whether French books are available or not.
The query that can be used to obtain information about books written in French language
is as follows:
Example of a simple query:
(Language = “French”)
Field Value
The above is a simple query as it is using only one condition.
For example, only books having “French” in the Language field will be displayed as follows:
Antoine de
Saint-Exupéry
Harry Potter
2 à l'école des J.K. Rowling 2011 French 321 Paperback 8
sorciers
5 Cendrillon Charles Perrault 2013 French 26 Paperback 8
Now, the bookstore clerk may also want to know whether there are 10 or more French books
in stock.
204
UNIT 9 Databases
The query is using more than one criterion and will be as follows:
Microsoft Access
uses double (“”)
quotation marks
for text/string values.
(Language = “French”) AND (QtyInStock> = 10)
1st criteria Operator 2nd criteria
1st criteria
Only records where the value of the Language field is “French” will satisfy this criterion.
2nd criteria
Only records where the value of the QtyInStock field is greater than or equal to 10 will satisfy
this criterion.
AND Operator
Only records that meet both criteria will be included in the result.
The complex query above will display all French books that are greater than or equal to 10
as follows:
Antoine de
Saint-Exupéry
205
Now, let us have a look at how queries are created.
In Microsoft Access, queries are created either by using the Query Wizard
or the Query Design
In this section, only the Query Wizard will be used to create queries.
Activity 1: Creating a database and a table.
STEP BY STEP
1. Launch Microsoft Access 2016
2. Click Blank database.
A Blank desktop database screen appears in the centre of the screen, as shown below:
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UNIT 9 Databases
3. In the File Name box, type Crazy Wisdom Bookstore. Click the Create button.
4. The table will be opened in Datasheet View.
Datasheet view
allows you to view
the contents
of a table.
5. Right-click the Table1 tab and click Save.
207
6. In the Save As dialog box, type Books.
Click OK.
7. Right-click the Books tab and select Design View
Design view
allows you to see
the structure of the table
rather than the contents.
It shows information
such as field names
and their data types.
8. The table appears in design view:
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UNIT 9 Databases
9. Enter the following field details:
Field Name Data Type Field Size

BookID AutoNumber Long Integer
Title Short Text 60
AuthorName Short Text 50
YearPublished Number Long Integer
Language Short Text 35
NumPages Number Long Integer

BookFormat Short Text 30
QtyInStock Number Long Integer
In Design View, table ‘Books’ will appear as shown below.
Primary Key
Small key icon
Note: BookID is automatically

set as the primary key.
A primary key uniquely
identifies each record.
You will see a small key in the grey

box beside the fieldname.
209
The field size for Field BookID is Long Integer (by default).
Modify for the other fields.
10. Click the Save icon to save the table structure.
Activity 2: Entering data into ‘Books’ table

Follow these steps to enter records in the table that you have created in the database ‘Crazy
Wisdom Bookstore’.
1. Launch Microsoft Access 2016, then open the database ‘Crazy Wisdom Bookstore’.
2. Double-Click on table ‘Books’.
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UNIT 9 Databases
3. The blank record is shown with a ‘*’ in the record selector cell.
New Record
4. Enter the following data:
5. Save the table before closing it.
211
9.2 Creating Queries
When you are creating queries, you can use search criteria and logical operators in order to
display specific terms, numbers or date/time.
The tables below show some examples of query criteria and operators.
Examples of query criteria
Criteria Name Write it like... Function
Equal to =”x” or = x Searches for values equal to x
Less Than <x Searches for all values smaller than x
Greater Than >x Searches for all values larger than x
Examples of logical operators
Operator Criteria Example
Displays French books

AND Language = ” French” AND QtyInStock >=10 where quantity in stock
is 10 or greater than 10.
Displays all French books

Or
OR Language = ” French” OR QtyInStock >=10 Other books where quantity
in stock is 10 or greater
than 10.
Displays all books where

NOT Language NOT “French”
Language is NOT French.
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UNIT 9 Databases
Activity 3: Creating a simple Query using the Query Wizard
Let us create a query using the Books table of our Crazy Wisdom Bookstore database. We want
to see a list of all French books only. So, we will search for “French” in the Language field.
1. Launch Access 2016 and open the database ‘Crazy Wisdom Bookstore’.
2. On the Create tab, in the Queries group, click the Query Wizard button. The New Query
dialog box appears, as shown below:
3. Click Simple Query Wizard and then click OK. The Simple Query Wizard appears, as shown
in the following diagram:
213
4. In the Tables/Queries drop-down list, Table: Books should be selected by default. If it is not,
select it.
5. Under Available Fields, double-click BookID, Title, AuthorName and Language to move
them to the Selected Fields box.
Note: To remove a field from

the Selected Fields box,
double-click the field.
This moves it back
to the Available Fields box.
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UNIT 9 Databases
6. Click the Next button. The second screen in the Simple Query Wizard appears.
7. Click the Next button. Name the query FrenchBooks Query

and then select Modify the query design.
215
8. Click the Finish button. The FrenchBooks Query is displayed, as shown below. In the
Criteria row of the Language field, type “French”, to display all records where field Language
is set to French. Sort the Title in ascending order.
In the Show row, all

check boxes are ticked.
Therefore, all fields selected
will appear in the query
result.
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UNIT 9 Databases
9. On the Query Tools Design tab, in the Results group, click the lower half of the View
button and then click Datasheet View.
The query results display all records that contain the string “French” in the Language field.
10. Click the Save button.
217
Activity 4: Adding new records to table Books
1. Open the Crazy Wisdom Bookstore database for this lesson.
2. Enter the following records in the Books table.
Walk Two
11 Sharon Creech 2011 English 288 Paperback 4
Moons
Marianne
Le Lapin
12 Lecron et P. B. 2017 French 32 Paperback 13
et la Lune
Lecron
J'aime dire
13 Shelley Admont 2015 French 34 Hardcover 11
la vérité
3. Use the same query as you created above to find all the French books in stock.
4. Double-Click the FrenchBooks Query.
5. Fill in the table below as it would appear after using the FrenchBooks Query.
BookID Title AuthorName Language
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UNIT 9 Databases
Activity 5
The Bookstore clerk often gets questions about the number of books in stock. A customer
wants to know which books have more than 10 copies.
Using the Books table create the above query.
1. Open the ‘Crazy Wisdom Bookstore’ database for this lesson.
2. On the Create tab, in the Queries group, click the Query Wizard button.
3. Click Simple Query Wizard and then click OK.
4. In the Tables/Queries drop-down list, select Table: Books.
5. Under Available Fields, double-click BookID, Title, AuthorName and QtyInStock to move
6. Click the Next button.
7. Click the Next button again. Name the query BooksQuantity Query and then select Modify
the query design.
8. Click the Finish button. The BooksQuantity Query is displayed, as shown below. In the Criteria row
of the QtyInStock field, type >10, to display all records where field QtyInStock is more than 10.
In the Show row,

under the BookID field,
click the Show check box
to deselect it. The BookID field
data will not appear
in the query results.
219
9. On the Query Tools Design tab, in the Results group, click the lower half of the View button
and then click Datasheet View. The query results display all records that contain more than
10 books in stock.
Activity 6
Create a query to find all books which are older than the year 2010 and that can be sent in the
archive section. Use the following steps to find out the result and write it down in the table
given.
1. Open the ‘Crazy Wisdom Bookstore’ database.
4. In the Tables/Queries drop-down list, select Table: Books.
5. Under Available Fields, double-click BookID, Title, AuthorName and YearPublished to move
7. Click the Next button. Name the query BooksBefore2010 Query and then select Modify
the query design.
8. Click the Finish button. The BooksBefore2010 Query is displayed. In the Criteria row
of the YearPublished field, type <2010.
9. Fill in the table below that appears in the BooksBefore2010 Query in the datasheet view.
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UNIT 9 Databases
The following table shows some more examples of query criteria.
Criteria Name Write it like... Function
Searches for all values except those

Does Not Equal Not in (“x”)
equal to x
Null Is Null Searches for empty fields
Not Null Is Not Null Searches for non-empty fields
Contains Like “*x*” Searches for all values that contain x
Searches for all values except those

Does Not Contain Not like “*x*”
that contain x
Searches for values in the range
Between Between “x” and “y”
between x and y
Searches for all values smaller than

Less Than or Equal To <= x
or equal to x
Searches for all values larger than

Greater Than or Equal To >= x
or equal to x
Searches for all records containing

Today =Date()
today’s date
221
Activity 7: Creating a complex Query using the Query Wizard
Follow the steps below, to find out which French books are more than or equal to 10 in stock.
1. Open the database ‘Crazy Wisdom Bookstore’.
4. In the Tables/Queries drop-down list, select Table Books.
5. Under Available Fields, double-click BookID, Title, AuthorName, Language, and QtyInStock
to move them to the Selected Fields box.
7. Click the Next button. Name the query QuantityFrenchBooks Query and then select
Modify the query design.
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UNIT 9 Databases
8. Click the Finish button. The QuantityFrenchBooks Query is displayed, as shown below. In
the Criteria row of the Language field, type “French” and on the same row in the QtyInStock
field, type >=10.
9. On the Query Tools Design tab, in the Results group, click the lower half of the View button
and then click Datasheet View. The query results display the following records:
10. Click the Save button and close the database.
223
9.3 Creating forms
A form is used to enter, edit and or display data from a table or query. Data entered into a form,
goes directly into one or more tables.
The Forms group is located on the Create tab in the Ribbon and can be used to create a variety
of forms.
Creates
a new blank form
Creates a in Design view
simple form
Creates a new Creates a new form using

blank form the Form Wizard
in Layout view
In this section, we will only create forms using the Form Wizard.
Note: Make use of “Crazy Wisdom Bookstore’ from the previous exercise.
Let us create a form called Books, so that the Bookstore clerk can use it to enter records about
books.
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UNIT 9 Databases
Activity 8
Creating a form using Form Wizard
2. On the Create tab, in the Forms group, click the Form Wizard button. The Form Wizard
appears as follows:
In the Tables/Queries
drop-down list,
select Table Books
Move all fields Move selected field
3. Click the button to move all the fields from the Available Fields box to the Selected
Fields box.
4. Click the Next button to move to the next page in the Form Wizard.
225
5. Click Columnar as the layout for the form.
6. Click the Next button to move to the final page in the Form Wizard.
7. Type BooksDetails as the title of the form.
226
UNIT 9 Databases
8. Click the Finish button. A datasheet form appears as follows:
New (blank) Record Record Navigation bar

First Record
Last Record
Current Record
Next Record
The form BooksDetails displays one record at a time from the table ‘Books’ in column format.
You can display other records using the Record Navigation bar.
Now, let us enter more records in table ‘Books’, using the BookDetails form. Follow the steps
below:
9. Click the New (blank) Record button on the record navigator at the bottom of the form.
10. Press the Tab key once and enter the following records in the appropriate fields.
Num
Title Author Name Year Published Language Book Format Qty In Stock
Pages
Histoires
Marc Thil 2013 French 102 Paperback 12
à lire le soir
11. Then press the Tab key. The record will be saved and a new blank record will appear again.
227
12. Click the close button on the form window.
The form appears in the navigation pane as shown below.
13. Open the table ‘Books’ in Datasheet view by double-clicking it.
14. Observe the number of records. Now, there are 14 records. The last row is the record
you have just added.
15. Close the database ‘Crazy Wisdom Bookstore’.
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UNIT 9 Databases
9.4 Creating reports

A report is used to organize and display data extracted from tables and queries. Reports are
generated in tabular form where the data is printed in rows and columns with meaningful
headings. The content of reports once generated cannot be modified.
The Reports group is located on the Create tab in the Ribbon as shown below:
Creates a blank report Starts the Report

in Layout view Wizard
Creates a simple
report
Use the Reports group to create a variety of reports. In the following section, only Report
Wizard will be used to create reports.
In the following exercise, use the Report Wizard to create a report based on the Books table.
Activity 9: Creating a report from a table using Report Wizard
2. On the Create tab, in the Reports group, click the Report Wizard button.
229
3. The first screen of the Report Wizard appears as below:
4. Select the Books table in the Tables/Queries menu.
5. Click the button to move all the fields into the Selected Fields list.
230
UNIT 9 Databases
6. Click the BookID field to select it and then click the button to move it back
to the Available Fields list.
8. Click the Title field to select it and then click the button to add it as a grouping level, as
shown in the diagram below:
231
10. Select AuthorName from the fields menu to sort in ascending order and then click the
Next button.
11. In the Layout section, click the Outline button.
In the Orientation section, click the Landscape button as shown above. Click Next.
232
UNIT 9 Databases
12. Type Books Wizard as the title of the report.
13. Click Finish. The Books Wizard report appears on the screen, as shown below.
233
14. CLOSE the report. Notice that the Books Wizard report is listed in the Navigation Pane.
15. Close the ‘Crazy Wisdom Bookstore’ database.
Activity 10: Creating a report from a query using Report Wizard
2. On the Create tab, in the Reports group, click the Report Wizard button.
3. Select the FrenchBooks Query in the Tables/Queries menu.

Note: This query was created in a previous lesson.
4. Click the button to move all the fields into the Selected Fields list.
6. Click the Next button again.
7. Select Title from the fields menu to sort in ascending order and then click the Next
button.
8. In the Layout section, click the Justified button. In the Orientation section, click the
Landscape button. Click Next.
9. Type FrenchBooks as the title of the report.
234
UNIT 9 Databases
10. Click Finish. The FrenchBooks report appears on the screen, as shown below.
11. CLOSE the report.
12. Close the ‘Crazy Wisdom Bookstore’ database.
235
1. Identify the icons by matching them with their names:
• • Query Design
• • Query Wizard
• • Design View
• • Micosoft Access 2016
• • Datasheet View
2. The figure below shows part of a Query.
Using table ‘Books’ you created in Activity 1, list the titles of books that consist of more
than 50 pages or have ‘Hardcover’ as book format.
236
END OF UNIT QUESTIONS UNIT 9 Databases
3. Match the term in Column 1 to its description in Column 2.
Column 1 Column 2
Queries • • Allows to see the structure of the table.
Datasheet
view
• • A way to retrieve information from
a database based on specific conditions.
It is used to organize and display data

Form
• • extracted from tables and queries.
Design view • • Allows to see the contents of a table.
It is used to enter, edit and/or display

Report • • data from a table or query.
4.
Below is a list of statements. State whether these are TRUE or FALSE. Put a tick ()
in the appropriate column.
Statements TRUE FALSE
Querying means entering data into a table.
Data in reports cannot be changed.
Forms are created using only the Form Wizard option.
Queries are created either by using the Query Wizard

or the Query Design.
The reports group is located on the Home tab.
237
5.
Name the buttons on the navigation bar as shown below:
6.
What is the difference between a form and a report?
7.
The structure for a table named ‘Laptops’ is shown below. The table keeps track of
laptops sold at a shop.
LaptopID AutoNumber 3
Brand Short Text 30
Model Short Text 30
Price Currency
Processor Short Text 30
Screen Number Double (Use Decimal places: 1)
QtySold Number Long Integer
Availability Yes/No
238
END OF UNIT QUESTIONS UNIT 9 Databases
(a) How many fields are there in the table?
Recall the concept of primary key done in grade 8 and answer the following question
(b)
Identify the field you would use as a primary key in the above table and give
a reason for your answer.
Field:

Reason:
(c)
Customers often ask questions about the country, the weight and colour of
laptops. Suggest two more fields that can be added to the table ‘Laptops’.
Complete the table below by inserting the data type and the field size.
The table ‘Laptops’ contains the following data:
Refer to the Query Design below and answer the following question:
239
(d)
Using the table ‘Laptops’, display the result based on the above query.
8.
Create a query that displays the Brand, Model and Availability for all the laptops
that cost more than Rs.30000 or which have a Core I5 processor. Sort the records in
ascending order based on the Brand. Fill the table below with the criteria given.
240
UNIT 9 Databases
Additional Notes
241
Additional Notes
242

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Information and

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY PANEL

Kaviraj Goodoory - Coordinator, Associate Professor, MIE

© Mauritius Institute of Education (2020)

The workbook consist of 9 units which are as follows:

The workbook is learner oriented and consists of the following:

The Information and Communication Technology Panel

Tipiyu is back again!

I will guide you through the ICT Grade 9 book.

What is your name?

HEALTH, SAFETY & ETHICS

Practical problem solving

RECAP: Operating System (OS)

Microsoft Most common and used operating

Operating system used in computers

Free operating system which can be

Operating system used with Android

Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 1

5. Hardware management (peripheral management)

6. System security management

transfer errors attached

processor memory communication

An operating system performs the following functions:

(b) It allocates ______________________ space for programs.

(c) It handles ______________________ and informs the user accordingly.

(d) It allocates ______________________ time to different tasks being carried out

(e) It manages the ______________________ of data and files.

(f) It controls all ______________________ devices.

1.2 Types of operating systems

(ii) Multi-user system

(iii) Multi-processing system

Note: A server is a computer

Multi-tasking One user at a time.

Several programs run

Several users at the same

1.3 Basic troubleshooting techniques

There are many different things that may cause a

1.3.1 Simple solutions to common problems

Seek the help of an adult to try the above solutions.

2. Problem: The computer freezes (becomes unresponsive)

Solution 2: Perform a hard reboot by simply pressing the on/

Solution 2: Ensure that all cables are properly connected.

Solution 3: Check if the printer has a paper jam. If so, remove

4. Problem: The mouse or keyboard has stopped working

Solution 2: If you are using

5. Problem: The sound is not working

Solution 2: Check the cables. Make sure external speakers

6. Problem: The screen is blank

Solution 2: Make sure the computer is plugged in and turned on.

Solution 3: If you are using a desktop computer, make

7. Problem: All programs on the computer run slowly

Solution 2: Your computer may be running out of hard drive space.

Try deleting any files or programs

Run Disk Defragmenter which is a utility software designed to increase

8. Problem: Accidental deletion of a file

Note: A server is a computer

Solution 2: Perform a hard reboot by simply pressing the on/

Solution 2: Ensure that all cables are properly connected.

Solution 3: Check if the printer has a paper jam. If so, remove

Solution 2: If you are using

Solution 2: Check the cables. Make sure external speakers

Solution 2: Make sure the computer is plugged in and turned on.

Solution 3: If you are using a desktop computer, make

Solution 2: Your computer may be running out of hard drive space.

Solution 3: Right-click where file was

(e) The process of solving hardware or software problems is known as ________________.

(a) A virus scanner rearranges files stored on a disk. […………]

(c) A graphical user interface displays icons and menus. […………]

(d) Linux is an expensive operating system. […………]

(e) When a computer freezes, it becomes unresponsive. […………]

(f) A multi-user system supports only one user at a time. […………]

(g) An operating system performs file management. […………]

Automatically generate a table of contents