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    SS 11 - Wilk - Ontaminated - Site

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    SS 11 - Wilk - Ontaminated - Site

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    SaifulAzuan
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    SS 11_wilk_ontaminated_site

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    41 views41 pages

    SS 11 - Wilk - Ontaminated - Site

    Uploaded by

    SaifulAzuan

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 41

    Solidification/Stabilization treatment

    technology for contaminated sites in


    the United States and Canada
    Mass Stabilisation Conference
    Lahti, Finland April 23, 2015

    Charles M. Wilk
    ALLU Group Incorporated
    U.S.A.
    What is S/S Treatment for Remediation?
    Involves mixing a binding/reaction agent(s) into
    contaminated media such as soil, sediment,
    sludge or industrial waste.
    S/S treatment protects human health and the
    environment by immobilizing hazardous
    constituents within treated material.
    Physical (solidification) and chemical
    (stabilization) changes to the treated material.
    Mobility Reduction Terms: Stabilisation (UK),
    Inertage (France), Immobilization (EU).
    State of Remediation Technologies
    EPA-542-R-07-012

    Solidification/
    Stabilization 217 17 18 13 13 16 7 20 35 180
    Types of Sites Applied
    o Wood Preserving Sites
    o Herbicide and Pesticide Sites
    o Oil Refinery Sludge Lagoons
    o Manufactured Gas Plants
    o Sediment including PCB
    o Metal Refining, Smelting, Plating, Recycling
    o Residual Ash
    Laboratory Formulation

    Bench-scale mix design


    and testing utilizes high
    mixing shear for optimum
    results
    S/S Agents
    Portland cement, Cement kiln dust
    Fly ash e.g. Class F and C (pozzolanic fly ashes)
    Lime e.g. quicklime, hydrated lime, lime kiln dust
    Slag e.g. ground granulated blast furnace slag
    Organoclay®
    EnviroBlend®
    Bentonite clay
    Activated carbon
    Cement-based proprietary mixtures
    Silicate, phosphate, and sulfate
    e.g. triple super phosphate
    Sample Effects of Agents
    ● Mass strength development:
     Cements, slags, fly ashes
    ● Mass hydraulic conductivity reduction:
     Bentonite, cements, slags,
    ● Encapsulation: strength and lower hyd. cond.
    ● Sorption of hazardous constituents:
     Activated carbon, organophilic clay
    ● Chemical changes to hazardous constituents
     pH: hydroxides
     Compounding, sulphates
     Oxidation: insitu chemical oxidation: permanganates
     Reducing: “hex” Cr to trivalent Cr
    Physical Tests
    Hydraulic Conductivity/ Permeability
    1X10-5 to 1X10-7 cm/sec
    “Two orders of magnitude lower than surround soil”
    Unconfined Compressive Strength- 0.34 MPa (50 psi)
    Paint Filter Test (PFT) – free liquids
    Freeze-Thaw & Wet-Dry Durability
    Chemical Testing
    Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure
    (SPLP)
    Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure
    (TCLP)
    Multiple Extraction Procedure
    Equilibrium Leach
    ANS/ANSI 16.1
    Dynamic Leach
    LEAF
    Bench-Scale to Full-Scale

    VS

    25-100 RPM0 FT-LBS Torque Providing Mixing


    Mixing Energy & Shear
    SPOON FOLDING ACTION

    25-100 RPM
    12000 Nm (9000
    ft-lb) torque per
    drum.
    Provides Mixing
    Energy and Shear
    Folding Mixing Action dependent on
    Operator’s “Stroke”
    Auger Mixing

    Crane-mounted augers efficient


    mixing depths begin at 6 meters
    (20 ft) and deeper. Crane’s
    limited range of motion.
    Road Reclaimer / Soil Stabilizer

    Limited mixing depth: 500


    mm (20 in)
    Bucket Mixing Injector Rake
    “”Folding Action” Mixing Methods
    Horizontal Axis Mixers

    Excavator- mounted:
    Efficient mixing to depths
    of 7 meter (23 ft) .
    Articulated arm of
    excavator lessens
    repositioning of
    equipment
    Binding Agent Pricing
    ● Priced by transportation costs:
     Industrial waste/byproducts, finely divided materials
    available on site, e.g. spent fullers earth, ash
    ● Priced per ton:
     Common construction materials:
    ● portland cement, blended cements, Class C or F fly ash,
    GGBFS, lime.
    ● Priced per pound:
     Specialized materials, sorptive, reactive, or
    compounding
    ● Carbons, organophilic clays, oxidizers, reducers
    Efficient Use of Binders Matters
    Binders do matter!
    Most of the cost in a mass stabilization project comes from the binder,
    which represents about 50-70 % of the total project cost.
    Efficiencies (Cost Savings) are
    improved by:
    • Thorough mixing (mixing shear &
    energy) resulting in intimate
    contact of binder and subject
    material.
    • Introduction of binder at mixing
    point.
    • Locating and metering of binder
    to avoid under-dose and
    overdose.
    • Use of dry binders in wet
    materials to conserve drying
    capacity of binders.
    North American Projects
    Solidification: Ashtabula Harbor, OH
    Dredge and S/S treat 120,000 CY
    (92,000 m3) of contaminated
    sediment.

    Placement of S/S treated dredge


    into Elkem 5C Pond, a 3.6
    hectare (9 acre) former settling
    pond. Additional material needed
    to facilitate closure of pond
    Ashtabula Harbor: Elkem 5C Pond
    Calciment (binder) added dry 20% by
    weight. UCS goals range from 0.05 to
    0.07 MPa (1,000 psf to 1,500 psf).
    Unconsolidated shear strength goal of
    0.08 MPa (1,250 psf)
    Mixing depths variable – 1.5 to 6 m
    (5 - 20 ft)

    ● Solidification of existing
    contents 153,000 m3
    (200,000 CY)
    Solidification: Atlantic Wood
    Industries
    AWI Project
    ● Insitu S/S of 36,000 m3 (47,000 CY) creosote- and
    pentachlorophenol-impacted soils
    ● Treatment depths ranging from 2.4 to 8.2 m (8-17 ft)
    ● Performance standard
     >0.34MPa (50 psi) UCS
     <4 X 10-6 cm/sec
    Atlantic Wood Industries
    Portsmouth, Virginia
    Performance Standard:
    • 50 psi (0.34 MPa) UCS
    • 4 x 10-6 cm/s hydraulic
    conductivity
    Three-part mix: portland
    cement, slag, and
    organophilic
    clay.
    AWI Mix Design
    ● 23,500 m3 (30,500 CY) treated
    with:
     8% portland cement/slag and
     1% organophilic clay
    ● 11,600 m3 (15,200 CY) treated
    with:
     8% portland cement/slag and
     3% organophilic clay
    ● Cement/clay mixture injected
    as slurry and mixed by ALLU
    Power Mixer.
    Insitu Chemical Oxidation:
    WV Terminals Site, Kenova, WV
    Chemical Oxidation and
    Solidification Treatment of
    petroleum-impacted soil.
    Contaminants as non aqueous
    phase liquid (NAPL) and metals.
    ISCO at WV Terminals Site
    Excavation and set aside of top
    1.2 meter (4 feet) of soil.
    Loosening of soil 1.2 – 2.4
    meters (4-8 feet) below grade.

    ALLU Power Mixer


    used to mix oxidizer
    and binder into soil
    8,400 m3 (11,000 CY)
    treated.
    ISCO at WV Terminals Site

    Mix Design: Sodium Persulfate (oxidizer) 5% by weight of soil


    Portland Cement (binder) 10% by weight of soil
     25% Cement
    addition

     10% Cement
    addition
    Inclusions

    Former MGP Sites


    Sydney Tar Ponds , Sydney, NS
    Canadian Forces Base Esquimalt, Victoria Island, BC
    Contact

    Charles Wilk
    Manager, Stabilization and Remediation Applications

    ALLU Group Incorporated


    Teterboro, New Jersey, USA
    847-714-2754
    [email protected]

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