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HOW ANGER AFFECTS

YOUR BR AIN AND BODY

1 The first spark of anger activates the amygdala before you’re even aware of it.
2 The amygdala activates the hypothalamus.
3 The hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland by discharging corticotropin-
releasing hormone (CRH).
4 The pituitary activates the adrenal glands by releasing adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH).
5 The adrenal glands secrete stress hormones like cortisol, adrenaline, and
noradrenaline.

SOURCES OF ANGER
DISAPPOINTMENT
FRUSTRATION
JUDGMENT
REJECTION 1
FEAR AMYGDALA

HYPOTHALAMUS

PITUITARY GLAND

ADRENAL 4
GLANDS
5
STRESS HORMONES
CORTISOL
ADRENALINE
NORADRENALINE

KIDNEYS
HOW ANGER CHANGES YOUR BRAIN
1. Elevated cortisol causes neurons to accept too much calcium through their
membrane. A calcium overload can make cells fire too frequently and die.
The hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) are particularly vulnerable to
cortisol and these negative effects.

PREFRONTAL CORTEX

Elevated cortisol causes a loss of neurons in the


prefrontal cortex (PCF). Suppressed activity in
the PFC prevents you from using your best judg-
ment - it keeps you from making good
decisions and planning for the future.

HIPPOCAMPUS

Elevated cortisol kills neurons in the


hippocampus and disrupts the creation of new
ones. Suppressed activity in the hippocampus
weakens short-term memory. It also prevents
you from forming new memories properly.
(This is why you might not remember what you
want to say in an argument.)

2. Too much cortisol will decrease serotonin – that’s the hormone that makes
you happy. A decrease in serotonin can make you feel anger and pain more
easily, as well as increase aggressive behavior and lead to depression.
HOW STRESS HORMONES
AFFECT YOUR BODY

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
• Heart rate
• Blood pressure When these symptoms become chronic,
• Arterial tension blood vessels become clogged and damaged.
• Blood glucose level This can lead to stroke and heart attack.
• Blood fatty acid level

IMMUNE SYSTEM
• Thyroid function
• The number of natural killer cells
• The number of virus-infected cells
• Incidence of cancer

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • Intraocular pressure


• Blood flow • Eye sight
• Metabolism
• Dry mouth

• Migraines
• Headaches • Bone density

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© 2017 The National Institute for the Clinical Application of Behavioral Medicine

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