Refractories PDF UPES

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 Important acid refractories are quartz, sand, dinas

rock, Ganister.
.
 Silica brick are made from hard dense fine grained
quartz, have following properties ;
 Low porosity & free from air pockets,
 Good thermal expansion & conductivity
 Excellent load bearing capacity mainly at high temp.
 Not susceptible to thermal spalling at temp above
400.
 Silica bricks are extremely suitable for those parts of
furnace which are subjected to uniform high temp.
like fire bridge, roofs of acid & basic open 7 hearth
furnace, electric furnace, refining furnaces
 FIRE CLAY : Main constituent of fire clay is
kaolinte,Al2O3.2SiO2.2 H2O. At high temp the
. clays lose their water of hydration & mainly
fire
consists of alumina & silica.
 Fire clay bricks have low coefficient of thermal
expansion, sufficient strength at high temp.
 Resist spalling.
 Fire clay bricks are used as linings of blast
furnaces for the melting of Fe, Cu, lead ores.
 Basic Refractories : Consists mainly of basic
oxides without free silica & resist the action of
.
bases.
 Most common basic refractories are
magnesite,dolomite,lime etc
 Magnesite is made by dead burning the mineral
magnesite which is magnesium carbonate.
 Magnesite starts losing strength at temp above
1500.
 Used for hearths of basic open hearth & copper
reverberatory furnaces. Electric & induction
furnace lining of L.D. crucible.
 Neutral refractories : are substances which do
not combine either acidic or basic oxides & for
. reason constitute the most satisfactory
this
furnace lining . Example chromite & carbon in
graphite form.

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