Undergraduate Faculty Brochure: Make Today Matter

2020/21
Undergraduate faculty brochure
Make today matter

www.up.ac.za
ii Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences 2020/21
Message from the Dean
Are you ready for a challenge? Do you want to

discover new things and change the world?
If the answer is yes and you choose to

register for one of the programmes offered
by the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural
Sciences (NAS), the most diverse faculty at
the University of Pretoria, you may indeed
contribute to changing the world.
Prof Barend Erasmus

Dean: Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences
In NAS you will learn to answer as-yet unanswered questions search for new solutions to old problems. Together they can
and be part of a scientific community dedicated to respond effect positive change in the world.
to the grand challenges facing humanity. Research is focused,
among others, on achieving food and water security in Africa, All the resources used by humans are extracted from the earth
making renewable energy affordable to African populations and or grown in the soil. NAS has world-class capabilities to support
eliminating poverty-related diseases. both these activities in ways that will ensure a more sustainable
future. I am excited about being part of the journey to realise this
Here you will be at the forefront of scientific research and will be future, and I hope you are too!
inspired to think innovatively. You will be able to pursue careers
ranging from the proverbial A to Z: from an actuary to a zoologist, As a student, you will be mentored by expert scientists while
from a forensic expert to a meteorologist. Moreover, you will developing your knowledge and skills in state-of-the-art research
not be limited to careers that already exist as the critical thinking facilities where you can access the support you need to excel in
skills that you learn at NAS will ensure that you will remain a challenging academic environment.
competitive in a rapidly changing job market.
We are looking forward to being part of your journey towards
The challenges facing humanity can only be solved by teams of becoming a scientist and making a difference that will benefit
scientists who work together across disciplinary boundaries. the world now and in the future.
These teams consist of dedicated experts in the various
disciplines who are already active in the Faculty, as well as
scientists who move comfortably between disciplines in their Email [email protected]
University of Pretoria iii
Content
Message from the Dean........................................................................................................................... ii

Introduction............................................................................................................................................1
Undergraduate programmes.................................................................................................................... 2
List of Acronyms..................................................................................................................................... 8
BSc – Extended programmes.................................................................................................................... 9
Biological Sciences................................................................................................................................. 10
Anatomy..........................................................................................................................................10
Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology............................................................................................ 10
Human Physiology............................................................................................................................ 13
Plant and Soil Sciences (Ecology and Plant Science).............................................................................. 13
Zoology and Entomology................................................................................................................... 14
Agricultural and Food Sciences................................................................................................................ 16
Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development.................................................................. 16
Animal and Wildlife Sciences............................................................................................................. 16
Consumer and Food Science............................................................................................................... 17
Plant and Soil Sciences (Applied Plant and Soil Sciences and Plant Pathology)........................................ 19
Physical Sciences...................................................................................................................................20
Chemistry........................................................................................................................................20
Geology............................................................................................................................................20
Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology...................................................................................... 21
Physics.............................................................................................................................................22
Mathematical Sciences...........................................................................................................................23
Actuarial Science...............................................................................................................................23
Mathematics and Applied Mathematics..............................................................................................23
Statistics..........................................................................................................................................24
Community engagement initiatives.........................................................................................................24
Sci-Enza............................................................................................................................................24
Article: Master’s student in Horticulture off to Australia..........................................................................25
Article: UP and International Veterinary Vaccinology Network teach learners about vaccination..................28
Produced by the Department of Enrolment and Student Administration in December 2019.

Comments and queries can be directed to [email protected] or tel: +27 (0)12 420 3111.
Disclaimer: This publication contains information about regulations, policies, tuition fees, curricula and programmes of the University of Pretoria applicable at
the time of printing. Amendments to or updating of the information in this publication may be effected from time to time without prior notification. The accuracy,
correctness or validity of the information contained in this publication is therefore not guaranteed by the University at any given time and is always subject to
verification. The user is kindly requested to verify the correctness of the published information with the University at all times. Failure to do so will not give rise to
any claim or action of any nature against the University by any party whatsoever.
1 Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences 2020/21
Introduction
The Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences is a diverse faculty with 13 departments, supported by more than 20 centres and
institutes. More than 5 000 students, of which 70% are undergraduate and 30% postgraduate, register in this Faculty annually.
All degree programmes are designed to develop problem-solving individuals who can easily adapt to changing circumstances and take
the lead in their chosen fields of specialisation. Our world-class qualifications provide access to numerous career opportunities for
dynamic and creative people. Some of the Faculty’s degree programmes are unique to the University of Pretoria, while others are also
offered at other institutions.
The Faculty presents undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in the following fields:
Biological Sciences (BSc) Agricultural and Food Sciences (BSc and BScAgric)
Biochemistry Agricultural economics and agribusiness management
Biotechnology Animal science
Ecology
Entomology Culinary science *
Genetics Food science
Human genetics Nutrition
Human physiology
Human physiology, genetics and psychology Plant and soil sciences
Medical sciences Plant pathology
Microbiology
Plant science Wildlife management (Postgraduate)
Zoology
Physical Sciences (BSc) Mathematical Sciences (BSc)
Chemistry Actuarial and financial mathematics
Engineering and environmental geology Applied mathematics
Geography and environmental sciences ** Mathematical statistics
Geoinformatics Mathematics
Geology
Meteorology
Physics
Consumer Science (BConSci) BSc – Extended programmes
Clothing retail management Subject fields in the BSc – Extended programmes
Food retail management Biological and agricultural sciences
Hospitality management Physical sciences
Mathematical sciences
* Replaced BSc (Food Management) in 2017

** Replace BSc (Geography) and BSc (Environmental Sciences) in 2021
Programmes unique to the Faculty

BSc (Nutrition) BSc (Meteorology) MSc (Applied Mineralogy)
BSc (Nutrition) is an interfaculty degree This is the only degree of its kind offered in In South Africa, this postgraduate
programme, jointly presented by Food sub-Saharan Africa and it can be completed qualification is offered only at the University
Science (Faculty of Natural and Agricultural as a postgraduate qualification. of Pretoria.
Sciences) and Human Nutrition (Faculty of
Health Sciences).
© Deon de Jager
© Don Cowan
University of Pretoria 2
Undergraduate programmes
Important information on undergraduate programmes for 2021
The closing date is an administrative admission guideline for non-selection programmes. Once a non-selection programme is full
and has reached the institutional targets, then that programme will be closed for further admissions, irrespective of the closing date.
However, if the institutional targets have not been met by the closing date, then that programme will remain open for admissions until
the institutional targets are met.
The following persons will be considered for admission: candidates who are in possession of a certificate that is deemed by the
University to be equivalent to the required National Senior Certificate with university endorsement, candidates who are graduates from
another tertiary institution or have been granted the status of a graduate of such an institution, and candidates who are graduates of
another faculty at the University of Pretoria.
Life Orientation is excluded from the calculation of the Admission Point Score (APS).
Grade 11 results are used for the conditional admission of prospective students. Final admission is based on Grade 12 results.
Please note that the Faculty does not accept GED and School of Tomorrow qualifications for entry into our programmes.
Note: The asterisks below refer to the minimum requirements for 2021 column in the tables below.
* Cambridge A Level candidates who obtained at least a D in the required subjects will be considered for admission. Students in the
Cambridge system must offer both Physics AND Chemistry with performance at the level specified for NSC Physical Sciences in the
tables below.
* International Baccalaureate (IB) HL candidates who achieved at least a 4 in the required subjects will be considered for admission.
Students in the IB system must offer both Physics AND Chemistry with performance at the level specified for NSC Physical Sciences
in the tables below.
University of Pretoria website www.up.ac.za/nas

National Benchmark Test website www.nbt.ac.za
Minimum requirements for 2021*

Programmes
Achievement level
English Home Language
or English First Mathematics Physical Sciences APS
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Additional Language
NSC/IEB AS Level NSC/IEB AS Level NSC/IEB AS Level
BSc (Biochemistry)
[3 years]
Closing dates: 5 C 5 C 5 C 32
SA – 30 September
Non-SA – 31 August
Careers: Biochemistry offers many opportunities for exciting and challenging careers in the food and pharmaceutical, fine chemicals and waste-processing industries.
Careers at research councils, such as the Medical Research Council (MRC), the Agricultural Research Council (ARC), the Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA)
and the Water Research Commission (WRC) are possibilities, as are academic institutions, the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and forensic and
pathology laboratories. Possible careers include that of researcher, teacher, lecturer and medical representative. Graduates are comfortable in work environments
such as universities, research institutes, pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies and related industries.
BSc (Biological Sciences)
Closing dates:
5 C 5 C 5 C 32
SA – 30 September
This is a generic first-year programme in Biological Sciences. Students who are uncertain about which specialisation degree programme to choose may apply for this
programme. Those who intend to apply for admission to MBChB or BChD in the second semester, when places become available in those programmes, may register
for BSc (Biological Sciences) modules in the first semester, replacing Mathematics (WTW 134) with Science and World Views (FIL 155), People and their Environment
(MGW 112) and Medical Terminology (MTL 180), with the proviso that should they not be selected and should they wish to continue with one of the Biological Sciences
programmes, they must complete Mathematics (WTW 165) in the second semester of their first year.
Note: Mid-year consideration for Health Sciences: Students who wish to add these three modules (FIL 155, MGW 112 and MTL 180) are required to have an APS of at
least 35 and a minimum of 70% for Mathematics in the final NSC or equivalent qualification.
BSc (Biotechnology)
[3 years]
SA – 30 September
Careers: Graduates mostly find work as laboratory-based researchers or bio-entrepreneurs using medical, animal, plant or microbe-based technologies to develop
products and services. If students combine biotechnology with additional qualifications such as law, they will be equipped for success in careers such as patent law,
pharmaceutical sales and marketing, project management, computer programming (natural computation) and science journalism. Please note that the level of training
and qualification plays an important role in determining the type of work a qualified biotechnologist can pursue.
BSc (Ecology)
[3 years]
SA – 30 September
Careers: Graduates find work in environmentally-based statutory and private conservation organisations, organisations involved in the direct or indirect use of natural
resources, environmental consultancies, environmental education initiatives and academic and training institutions.

Programmes
Achievement level
BSc (Zoology)
[3 years]
SA – 30 September
Careers: Graduates can look forward to a range of exciting career prospects. They could be employed at nature conservancies, environmental consultancies and
conservation planning agencies, medical and veterinary research institutions, in biochemical and biotechnology industries, at educational institutions, in IT-related fields
and in the corporate sector. Career opportunities include all the potential activities involved in modern research, development and training. These range from full-time
involvement in the field or laboratory to full-time training activities, and usually include a stimulating combination of analytical work, fieldwork and human-resources-
related work.
BSc (Entomology)
[3 years]
SA – 30 September
Careers: Graduates could be employed at nature reserves, environmental consultancies, conservation planning agencies, medical and veterinary research institutions,
educational institutions and museums, pest management, quarantine and inspection services, in biochemical and biotechnology industries, in IT-related fields and
in the corporate sector. Graduates with expertise in entomology are particularly highly sought after in the agricultural sector as insect management specialists or
researchers.
BSc (Genetics)
BSc (Human Genetics)
[3 years]
5 C 5 C 5 C 32
Closing dates:
SA – 30 September
Careers: Graduates generally choose to work as molecular biologists, medical or clinical geneticists, cytogeneticists, biotechnologists, agricultural scientists, molecular
ecologists, forensic scientists, genetic counsellors, bioinformaticists and computational analysts, veterinary scientists, teachers or lecturers at various institutions, and
in bioscience-related industries. If students combine genetics with additional qualifications such as law, they will be equipped for successful careers in, for example,
patent law, pharmaceutical sales and marketing, project management, computer programming (natural computation) and science journalism. Note that the level of
training and qualification plays an important role in determining the type of work in which a qualified geneticist can become involved.
BSc (Human Physiology)
BSc (Human Physiology, Genetics and Psychology)
[3 years]
5 C 5 C 5 C 32
Closing dates:
SA – 30 September
Careers: Research is performed in cooperation with medical teams in private and government research laboratories (such as the CSIR and the MRC), the South African
Bureau of Standards (SABS), pharmaceutical firms, universities, veterinary and industrial institutions and state departments (eg the Department of Health). Physiologists
are also found in various other fields, including education (teachers, lecturers and instructors), sports physiology, biostatistics, bioengineering, industrial hygiene,
journalism and medical technology, and in the industry as representatives of pharmaceutical firms. Graduates with Genetics and Psychology as subjects also have
access to postgraduate programmes offered by the Department of Genetics and the Department of Psychology (in the Faculty of Humanities).
BSc (Medical Sciences)
[3 years]
SA – 30 September
Careers: Postgraduate studies are highly recommended. Honours, master’s and doctoral degrees can be obtained in any of the subdisciplines of anatomy: neuro-
anatomy, clinical anatomy, cell biology, physical and forensic anthropology, histology and embryology. Students who obtain this degree can also continue with their
studies to obtain postgraduate degrees in physiology, genetics and pharmacology.
Career opportunities include research in any of the subdisciplines of anatomy, in academia, in forensic science and in the health science industry. Other careers that
can be considered are in the sports sciences, virology, chemical pathology, immunology, health administration or ergonomics. Technical careers are also possible, for
example in the Anatomy or Physiology departments at universities.
Only 72 places are available in the first year of BSc (Medical Sciences). Students who apply for BSc (Medical Sciences) as their first choice before 30 September, and
who meet the minimum admission requirements, will be admitted until the places have been filled.
BSc (Microbiology)
[3 years]
SA – 30 September
Careers: Microbiologists can pursue a variety of careers involving activities ranging from practical application to basic research. Career opportunities are available in
the food, dairy, beer, wine, baker’s yeast and fermentation industries, and at mines where they will be involved in corrosion control. Graduates can also follow careers
as medical or veterinary microbiologists, researchers at organisations such as the CSIR, MRC or ARC, or lecturers and researchers at academic institutions.

Programmes
Achievement level
BSc (Plant Science)
[3 years]
SA – 30 September
Careers: Careers range from working in a laboratory to studying plants in their natural environments. Graduates could be employed at biotechnology and
pharmaceutical firms, South African National Parks, private ecological companies and research institutions such as the CSIR, ARC and the South African National
Biodiversity Institute (SANBI).
Candidates who do not comply with the minimum admission requirements for the abovementioned Biological Sciences programmes may be considered for admission
to the BSc – Extended programme – Biological and Agricultural Sciences, which requires an additional year of study.
BSc – Extended programme – Biological and Agricultural
4 D 4 D 4 D 26
Sciences
This programme is not available for students who meet all the requirements for the corresponding mainstream programme.
Note: Only students who apply in the final year of their NSC or equivalent qualification, will be considered for admission into any of the BSc – Extended programmes.

Programmes
Achievement level*
AGRICULTURAL AND or English First Mathematics Physical Sciences APS
Additional Language
FOOD SCIENCES
BSc (Culinary Science)*
[4 years]
Closing dates:
SA – 30 September 5 C 5 C 5 C 32
*Replaced BSc (Food Management) in 2017

Careers: Graduates can be employed as culinary scientists, culinologists, sensory analysts, food researchers, food product developers, food safety and quality
assurance managers, and food service managers.
BSc (Food Science)
[3 years]
SA – 30 September
Careers: Food scientists with highly marketable training and professional skills work as food risk investigators, quality and safety assurance managers, food chemists,
food microbiologists and biotechnologists, packaging and shelf-life specialists, safety auditors, product and process development managers, technical sales and
marketing advisors, sensory scientists or food bio-scientists (for example brewers or flavourists) in the food, agro-processing and related industries. The work
environments of food scientists include laboratories, food production sites, business premises (retail and wholesale), training areas, government institutions and
research organisations. Food scientists also work in industries and companies that manufacture and supply materials (for example packaging and food additives, such
as colourants and flavourants) to the food industry, or have secondary involvement in food production and sales.
BSc (Nutrition)
[4 years]
SA – 30 September
BSc (Nutrition) is an interfaculty degree programme, jointly presented by Food Science (Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences) and Human Nutrition
(Faculty of Health Sciences).
Careers: The need for graduates with training in nutrition is driven by the worldwide recognition of the fact that food does not only meet basic nutritional needs, but
also plays a key role in the promotion and maintenance of long-term good health. Career opportunities exist in food or related industries (such as pharmaceutical
companies), government departments, international organisations (such as the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) and the World Health
Organisation (WHO)) and research organisations, and as account managers and advisors in the food, health and consumer sectors.
BScAgric (Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness
Management)
[4 years]
5 C 5 C 5 C 32
Closing dates:
SA – 30 September
Careers: Agricultural economists are involved in many different areas of the economy. Their roles in the economy include: analysing and understanding consumer
behaviour in terms of people’s wants, needs and willingness to pay for food and clothing; conducting research in environmental economics to assist governments
and businesses in ensuring the sustainable use of scarce resources such as water; training of smallholder farmers by providing extension services; trading of financial
instruments and agricultural commodities on global and local stock markets; advising clients in the agricultural sector on how to manage their finances and risks;
advising government on how to ensure that there will be enough food for all South Africans; and conducting research to ensure the sustainable and profitable supply
of food and clothing across the various supply chains. Employment opportunities for agricultural economists include employment in the government, commercial
banks, multinational agribusiness companies, former cooperatives, trading houses, food processors and manufacturers, and research councils. An agricultural
economist is, therefore someone who is interested in the mathematics, business, science, and human side of agriculture.

Programmes
Achievement level*
AGRICULTURAL AND or English First Mathematics Physical Sciences APS
Additional Language
FOOD SCIENCES
BScAgric (Animal Science)
[4 years]
SA – 30 September
Careers: Animal science is focused on the application of the scientific aspects of animal production and the quality control of products to ensure consumer satisfaction
and careers in this field make an important contribution to agriculture in South Africa. Based on the most recent research and the needs of both animals and humans,
animal science focuses on the entire livestock production value chain, from conception to consumption. There are numerous career opportunities for animal and
wildlife scientists in research, commercial farming and the public sector, and for professionals in the animal science industry. Animal scientists can work on different
levels in these sectors, eg as researchers or consultants on animal nutrition or breeding, technical representatives, managers of intensive and extensive animal
production systems and policymakers. The BScAgric (Animal Science) degree is acknowledged as a professional qualification by SACNSP in terms of Act 106 of 1993,
and is internationally recognised, which means that graduates can register as professional animal scientists.
BScAgric (Plant Pathology)
[4 years]
SA – 30 September
Careers: Graduates could be employed as seed cultivators, farmers, researchers, lecturers or consultants.
BScAgric (Applied Plant and Soil Sciences)
[4 years]
SA – 30 September
Careers: Graduates could be employed as teachers and lecturers at schools and academic institutions, as well as researchers and managers at various public and
private institutions:
Public sector: The ARC, Department of Water and Sanitation, Department of Environmental Affairs, Department of Tourism, Department of Agriculture, Forestry
and Fisheries, Department of Mineral Resources, Department of Energy, the CSIR, provincial agriculture and nature conservation departments, SANBI, municipalities,
South African National Parks, national farming and food production agencies
Private sector: Companies involved in seed, fertiliser and plant protection research and development, environmental planning and management, nurseries,
vegetable, fruit and ornamental cut-flower production and irrigation
Extension services involving knowledge transfer: Nature conservation, national and provincial departments of agriculture and the environment, environmental
management and rehabilitation, nurseries, crop, turf grass and weed management, private companies servicing field crops, vegetables, medicinal and aromatic
plants, fruit, ornamental and cut-flower production
Entrepreneurial: Consultants in crop, pasture, vegetable, medicinal and aromatic plants, ornamental and cut-flower production systems and landscaping
enterprises, managing own farms and nurseries for extensive (field) or intensive (tunnel/greenhouse) production systems involving various crops, and managing
companies specialising in irrigation, reclamation and soil conservation
Candidates who do not comply with the minimum admission requirements for the abovementioned Agricultural and Food Sciences programmes may be considered for
admission to the BSc – Extended programme – Biological and Agricultural Sciences, which requires an additional year of study.
BSc – Extended programme – Biological and Agricultural
4 D 4 D 4 D 26
Sciences
Note: Only students who apply in the final year of their NSC or equivalent qualification will be considered for admission into any of the BSc – Extended programmes.

Programmes
Achievement level*
or English First Mathematics APS
CONSUMER SCIENCE Additional Language
NSC/IEB AS Level NSC/IEB AS Level
BConSci (Clothing Retail Management)
[4 years]
Closing dates: 5 C 4 D 28
SA – 30 September
Careers: Graduates can be employed in retail management as brand managers, clothing buyers and planners, fashion designers, fashion marketers, fashion product
developers, quality controllers and assurance managers, store managers, image consultants, textile technologists, visual merchandisers and pattern technologists, or
can become entrepreneurs.
BConSci (Food Retail Management)
[4 years]
SA – 30 September
Careers: Graduates can be employed as brand managers, sales managers or store managers, food and beverage buyers and planners, food stylists, food journalists,
food product marketers, visual merchandisers and consumer consultants, or can become entrepreneurs.
BConSci (Hospitality Management)
[4 years]
SA – 30 September
Careers: Graduates can be employed as food and beverage managers, food service managers, culinary specialists, events coordinators, entrepreneurs, food product
and menu developers, food journalists, food safety and quality assurance managers, and food stylists.

Programmes
Achievement level*
PHYSICAL SCIENCES Additional Language
BSc (Chemistry)
[3 years]
SA – 30 September
Careers: Graduates are employed in most technology-based institutions and work in laboratory environments that form part of industrial, research or academic
institutions. A chemist must be able to participate in teamwork in a multidisciplinary environment and in a wide variety of enterprises in both the private and public
sectors. It is important to note that the type of work available to a graduate in chemistry depends on the level of the qualification obtained. Advanced qualifications will
eventually lead to positions in research and / or production management and require management and financial planning skills. Many career opportunities exist in the
fields of education, research, journalism, environmental protection, food and beverages, energy, water, health, sports, pharmaceutics and cosmetics, geology, mining
and law enforcement. These include the well-known professions of synthetic chemist, materials scientist, chemical pathologist, forensic chemist, analytical chemist, drug
analyst, patent lawyer, environmental chemist, geochemist, food chemist, polymer chemist and soil chemist.
BSc (Physics)
[3 years]
SA – 30 September
Careers: Graduates could be employed as university academics, whose duties include lecturing, research and the supervision of postgraduate students, researchers
in national laboratories such as the Nuclear Energy Corporation of South Africa (NECSA), the South African Astronomical Observatory or iThemba LABS (Laboratory
for Accelerator-based Sciences), researchers in industry, for example at the CSIR or Element Six, science advisors for non-governmental organisations, industry or
government, radiation scientists, medical scientists and biophysicists, atmospheric scientists and climatologists, developers of renewable energy sources, geophysicists,
innovators and entrepreneurs, and computational scientists. International collaboration also takes place with experts from abroad.
BSc (Geography and Environmental Sciences)
[3 years]
Closing dates:
SA – 30 September
5 C 5 C 5 C 34
Note: This programme will replace the BSc (Geography) and the
BSc (Environmental Sciences) programmes from 2021.
Careers: There are three main career fields in geography: teaching, research and the practical application of geographical knowledge and skills. Geographers can focus
on environmental management, urban issues such as squatting, regional and rural development, or environmental issues, including pollution and the destruction of
ecosystems through activities such as mining, agriculture and tourism. Geographers in the private sector are generally employed by real estate, planning, architecture
and engineering firms, banks, tourism organisations, environmental conservation bodies and industry. Government departments involved in forestry, water and land
affairs, the environment, tourism and education employ geography graduates.
Parastatal organisations such as the SABS and the CSIR offer career opportunities in the various specialised fields related to the earth and environmental sciences.
Many geographers are self-employed. They are mainly involved in areas such as marketing, planning, development, tourism, cartography, geographic information
systems (GIS), remote sensing, environmental analysis and environmental auditing. Graduates can also pursue academic careers.
Graduates could also be employed as environmental consultants, air quality managers, environmental impact analysts, environmental protection agents, hazardous
materials specialists, public health educators, researchers, water quality specialists, natural resource managers, risk managers, environmental educators, wetlands
scientists, wildlife conservationists, environmental planners and analysts, wastewater treatment experts, programme and project managers, natural resources experts
and researchers.
BSc (Geoinformatics)
[3 years]
SA – 30 September
Careers: Graduates are employed in areas such as agriculture, mineral exploration, engineering, forestry, water resource management, weather forecasting,
environmental impact assessment (EIA), land-use planning, land development, rural community development, transport planning, tourism, market research, crime
prevention, vehicle tracking, cartography, GIS technology, environmental planning and analysis, and disaster and environmental management. Graduates can apply for
professional registration as GIS technologists with the South African Geomatics Council (SAGC).
BSc (Geology)
[3 years]
SA – 30 September
Careers: Large international mining companies are major employers of geologists and other geoscientists in research, exploration and mining projects. However,
employment is increasingly to be found in smaller, entrepreneurial firms (‘juniors’). Interesting careers are also offered by the Council for Geosciences, the CSIR, and
the Council for Mineral Technology (MINTEK), the Department of Water and Sanitation, and at museums, engineering firms and consulting companies. Graduates may
even operate as self-employed consultants in their own firms. Laboratory specialists, for example mineralogists, identify and examine minerals using sophisticated
instruments and analytical equipment. Environmental and engineering geologists study the interaction between human activities and the geological environment,
such as the pollution of soil and groundwater. They investigate geological structures and soil, and rock properties at construction sites, for example dams, tunnels and
mines, in order to provide valuable information prior to construction. They also locate and evaluate suitable construction materials. The task of the hydrogeologist is to
look for groundwater and monitor the responsible exploitation of that water.

Programmes
Achievement level*
PHYSICAL SCIENCES Additional Language
BSc (Meteorology)
[3 years]
SA – 30 September
Careers: Meteorologists are employed by institutions involved in the study, interpretation and prediction of weather and climate-related phenomena. The South
African Weather Service (SAWS), the CSIR, some universities, agricultural institutions and general industries employ meteorologists who practise mainly as specialists in
the following areas:
Researchers: They research all aspects of the weather and climate in order to improve man’s understanding of atmospheric phenomena. Atmospheric modellers
use supercomputers to solve complex flow dynamic equations of the atmosphere. The monitoring of air quality and the modelling of the impact of air pollution on
society are two important aspects that need to be addressed. Research on climate change is receiving increasing attention.
Weather forecasters: It is the duty of the weather forecaster to analyse data and predict the weather by using models that are run on supercomputers. Weather
forecasts are issued on different time scales, from very short-range forecasting to forecasts that are valid for months ahead, as well as seasonal forecasts. Private
positions for people with this qualification include presenting the weather forecast on television.
Climatologists: They manage important data sets that contain large volumes of information gathered by the SAWS and other organisations.
Consultants: Some meteorologists who work as consultants in the private sector and at universities provide specialised research services.
Lecturers: A few academic positions for meteorologists and climatologists are available at South African universities. They ensure that the training of meteorologists
meets international standards.
BSc (Engineering and Environmental Geology)
[3 years]
SA – 30 September
Careers: Graduates could be employed as geologists, mineralogists, extraction metallurgists, economic geologists, geochemists, environmental and engineering
geologists, geohydrologists, laboratory specialists and consultants.
Candidates, who do not comply with the minimum admission requirements for the abovementioned Physical Sciences programmes may be considered for admission
to the BSc – Extended programme – Physical Sciences, which requires an additional year of study.
BSc – Extended programme – Physical Sciences 4 D 4 D 4 D 28

Programmes
Achievement level*
or English First Mathematics APS
MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES Additional Language
NSC/IEB AS Level NSC/IEB AS Level
BSc (Actuarial and Financial Mathematics)
[3 years]
Closing dates: 5 C 7 A 36
SA – 30 September
Careers: Actuarial and financial mathematics is a popular field, with career opportunities in the business market and at investment institutions such as banks and
insurance companies. Mathematical skills are essential in portfolio management and the modelling of financial risk. This programme prepares students for professional
careers as actuaries or financial engineers. The activities of actuaries or actuarial technicians include long-term capital projects, designing the benefits of medical
schemes, pension fund management, the determination of contributions and financial management on a sound long-term basis, the evaluation of investments in
shares, property and other transactions, and the determination of the premiums and reserves for insurers’ outstanding claims. Financial engineers can be employed
by banks and financial institutions, brokerage firms and investment institutions. The mathematical skills of financial engineers are essential in portfolio and risk
management. Activities include asset management (trading in bonds, futures and derivative instruments such as options), designing new financial products and
devising strategies to control credit risk.
BSc (Mathematics)
BSc (Applied Mathematics)
[3 years]
5 C 6 B 34
Closing dates:
SA – 30 September
Careers: Graduates in mathematics and applied mathematics are employed by research institutions, educational bodies (universities and schools), the public sector
(government and medical institutions) and the private sector (engineering companies, financial institutions and the computer industry). These graduates’ training in
abstract, analytical and computational thinking provides them with the background required to easily adjust to changing circumstances in the professional environment
and to construct mathematical models of natural, technological and financial phenomena. Mathematicians and applied mathematicians apply, evaluate and adapt
existing problem-solving techniques, or develop new techniques to solve problems.
BSc (Mathematical Statistics)
[3 years]
Closing dates: 5 C 6 B 34
SA – 30 September
Careers: The services of statisticians are needed by people in many professions, such as actuaries, economists, biologists, engineers and marketing executives. Some
examples of career opportunities are:
Google Analytics use statistics to track internet users to generate leads for their recommended engines.
Movement information captured by cell phones is used by statistical predictive models to predict traffic congestion and suggest faster routes.
Statisticians make use of statistical methodologies to detect fraud, assist with credit-related portfolios and forecast financial economic trends.
Retail companies study customer satisfaction and customer experience by using statistical models.
Spatial statistics can provide useful information about climate change, crime hotspots and rhino-poaching geographical maps.
Statisticians advise animal scientists on factors affecting animal nutrition and genetic breeding plans.
Government employs statisticians to understand how population demographics, health risks and other factors influence sustainable development programmes.
Candidates, who do not comply with the minimum admission requirements for the abovementioned Mathematical Sciences programmes may be considered for
admission to the BSc – Extended programme – Mathematical Sciences, which requires an additional year of study.
BSc – Extended programme – Mathematical Sciences 4 D 5 C 28
BSc (Actuarial and Financial Mathematics)

Admissions from the BSc – Extended programme to the BSc (Actuarial and Financial Mathematics) programme will be considered if students have passed all their first
year modules with an average mark of at least 60%, passed IAS 111; and achieved a minimum mark of 60% in WTW 143 and WTW 153.
List of Acronyms
AECI African Explosives and Chemical Industries NRF National Research Foundation
ARC Agricultural Research Council SAGC South African Geomatics Council
CANSA Cancer Association of South Africa SABS South African Bureau of Standards
CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research SACNASP South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions
GISc Geographic Information Science SANBI South African National Biodiversity Institute
GIS Geographic Information System SANSA South African National Space Agency
HSRC Human Sciences Research Council SAWS South African Weather Service
MRC Medical Research Council WRC Water Research Commission
NECSA Nuclear Energy Corporation of South Africa
BSc – Extended programmes
The BSc – Extended programmes are designed for students Subject fields in the BSc – Extended programmes
who show potential to succeed, but are not academically well Mathematical sciences
prepared. The programmes have lower entrance requirements Biological and agricultural sciences
and include an additional year of study to enhance students’ basic Physical sciences
knowledge.
Students who wish to follow careers in engineering should apply
These programmes are gateways to science and science- for the BSc – Extended programme – Physical Sciences, and
based programmes. Students admitted to the BSc – Extended those who wish to study health sciences or veterinary science
programmes will attend classes at the Mamelodi Campus during should apply for the BSc – Extended programme – Biological and
their first year. Students who successfully complete their first year Agricultural Sciences.
will attend lectures on the Hatfield Campus from their second
academic year onwards.
The programmes have two phases. The duration of the first phase
is 18 months (three semesters). During this phase, students
are academically and psychologically developed and trained for
further studies. Those who successfully complete the first phase
will obtain credits equivalent to the first semester of the first year
of the BSc and BScAgric programmes and may register for the
modules of the second semester of a preferred first year in BSc
or BScAgric. Transfer to the second year of these specific BSc or
BScAgric programmes takes place in the third year of registration.
Features of the BSc – Extended programmes

In the first phase, the academic content is delivered at a slower
pace than that of the regular degree programmes.
Extra modules and support help students to cope with
university life.
Most of the teaching and learning take place in smaller groups.
A variety of methods are used to deliver content to remedy
possible gaps in foundational knowledge.
‘Although the physiology of micro-organisms is considered simple,

they continuously cause havoc in the health sector and never fail
to baffle even the smartest scientists. Over time, as technology
improved, knowledge increased and antibiotics and other
therapeutics were discovered, microorganisms managed to
evolve and learnt how to adapt. Eager to fully understand
how micro-organisms are capable of constantly evolving,
I enrolled for a degree in Biochemistry and Microbiology
at UP. However, it was only in my third year, during my
time as a mentee at FABI, that I developed an interest
in antimicrobial resistance and novel drug discovery.
I completed my microbiology mentorship programme and undergraduate
BSc degree in 2017 and a BScHons (Biochemistry) degree in 2018. I am
currently working towards an MSc in the field of antimicrobial drug
discovery. My dream is to contribute to the discovery of novel drug
treatments against resistant pathogens so as to prevent unnecessary
human deaths due to the ineffectiveness of current drugs.
I am extremely grateful to the University of Pretoria and the
Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology for
enabling me to accomplish my goals. Food Science chose
me!’
Mandelie van der Walt – BSc Honours (Biochemistry)
Biological Sciences
Anatomy Ideally, biochemistry is combined with chemistry, microbiology,

genetics, human physiology, plant science, zoology and food
BSc (Medical Sciences) science. All these subjects include both theoretical and practical
aspects. Students may choose elective modules related to their
The Department of Anatomy forms part of the School of Medicine studies.
in the Faculty of Health Sciences and offers a BSc degree in
Medical Sciences in the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Postgraduate studies in Biochemistry include honours, master’s
Sciences. The aim of this degree is to train students in the basic and doctoral degrees. The one-year honours degree is open to
medical sciences, which include clinical anatomy, physical and students from the biological or chemical sciences and includes
forensic anthropology, histology, cell biology and embryology. exposure to a range of technologies, some self-study and a
These subjects can be combined with elective modules from research project. At the master’s and doctoral levels, students
physiology, pharmacology and genetics. conduct research in fields such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis,
anti-microbial drug resistance, diabetes, other human diseases
Career opportunities and plant-derived medicines.
Graduates are sought after by institutes in the academic,
government and private sectors, where they are employed as Career opportunities
lecturers, researchers, medical and forensic scientists, and sales Biochemistry and bioinformatics offer many opportunities for
representatives in the medical and pharmacological industries. exciting and challenging careers in the food and pharmaceutical,
Several of our postgraduates are currently studying at research fine chemicals and waste-processing industries. Careers at
facilities in North America and Europe. research councils, such as the MRC, ARC, CANSA and the WRC are
possibilities, as are academic institutions, the CSIR and forensic
and pathology laboratories. Graduates can also be researchers,
Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology
teachers, lecturers and medical representatives. They are
comfortable in work environments such as universities, research
BSc (Biochemistry)
institutes, pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies
BSc (Biotechnology)
and related industries.
BSc (Genetics)
BSc (Human Genetics)
BSc (Microbiology)
The Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology

strives to provide expert teaching, learning and research at both
the undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
This includes continuous scientific research into basic life sciences

in an effort to advance our understanding of all living organisms
that are of critical importance to agricultural, environmental,
animal and human health.
Biochemistry
Life at the cellular and molecular level depends on the specific © Paulette Bloomer
interaction and cooperation of many individual biomolecules. To
understand life at a fundamental level, biochemists study the role
of individual biomolecules and relate this function to its unique
structure. Challenges of global relevance, such as HIV/AIDS,
malaria, tuberculosis, antimicrobial drug resistance and other
human or animal diseases are addressed by using flow cytometry,
cell sorting, biophysical analysis, protein crystallography, genome
analysis, selective gene expression and metabolic profiles.
Biochemists can work in medicine, veterinary science, the food
and pharmaceutical industries and agriculture, and many
other fields.
Description of the programme

First-year students are exposed to a range of biological and
physical science subjects to ensure a firm scientific basis. In the
second and third years, they delve deeper into biochemistry,
combining theoretical lectures with appropriate practical studies
to learn the principles and methodology of research. In the
© Jarishma Gokul
third year, the study of the genome, transcriptome, proteome

and lipidome of a living cell is pursued. Proteome analysis,
crystallography, cell structure and function, enzymology and
immunology are applied to understand the molecular basis of
disease.
Star students in the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences
Justin Harrison
Justin Harrison, an MSc graduate from the

Department of Physics, was one of only 20 top
young scientists from South Africa selected
to attend the 69th Lindau Nobel Laureate
Meeting dedicated to physics, which was
held earlier this year in Lindau, Germany.
Martin Wierzbicki
Martin Wierzbicki, a recent

MSc (cum laude) graduate
in Genetics, was one of
three global winners of
a 2018–2019 Blue Sky
Young Researchers and
Innovation Award,
bestowed on him by
the International Council of Forest and Paper
Associations (ICFPA) for his novel wood-based
research project.
Pilirani Tendai Khoza
Pilirani Tendai Khoza, a master’s student in Forestry

and Environmental Sciences was selected for the
2019 Mandela Washington fellows, Leadership and
Business Track. In 2018, through her involvement in
the development of farming in Malawi, she also had the
opportunity to meet the Queen of England at Buckingham
Palace in London, where she received the Queen’s Award.
Rahil Samlal
Rahil Samlal, a first-year BSc (Microbiology)

student, was awarded the prestigious UP Derek
Gray Award at the 2017 Eskom Expo for Young
Scientists, which included a full bursary to study
science at UP and a fully paid trip to Sweden to
represent Africa at the Stockholm International Youth
Science Seminar (SIYSS) at the end of 2018.
Biological Sciences
Genetics Career opportunities

Graduates acquire skills in numeracy, analytical and critical
Genetics and Human Genetics thinking, as well as creativity in problem-solving and data handling,
Genetics is the study of how the genetic material in the cells all of which equip them for success in both scientific and non-
of all living organisms is transmitted from parent to offspring scientific careers.
across generations and how that genetic material is encoded
and decoded to provide the blueprint of all life on earth. This Biotechnologists function in both the science and business
pioneering discipline is at the core of the biological, agricultural, spheres, which gives graduates a competitive advantage in the
veterinary and medical sciences and has become essential biological industries. An increasing number of opportunities
in fields as diverse as virology and epidemiology, biodiversity are available in privately owned biotechnology laboratories that
conservation and sustainable agriculture. specialise in contract work. However, graduates are encouraged
to advance their studies by continuing with honours, master’s and
The advent of advanced technologies continues to enhance doctoral degrees in genetics or biotechnology, since such degrees
existing research strategies. This allows for dynamic are usually essential in scientific careers.
interdisciplinary collaboration, not only in the life sciences, but
also in fields such as informatics and mathematics. The genomes Microbiology
of numerous animals, plants and pathogens, as well as those of
humans, have been decoded. This has led to new informative Microbiology provides many diverse and interesting study
methods for studying gene interactions at various cellular levels. opportunities. Micro-organisms (viruses, bacteria and fungi) form
Computational modelling has proven invaluable to novel gene an essential part of our planet and students are trained to study
discovery and understanding the origins and spread of emerging their functions and roles, as well as how microbes could be used
viruses, such as the H1N1-virus. or controlled in our everyday lives.
Description of the programme Micro-organisms are important to health and agriculture due to
The Division of Genetics is an active player on the international the diseases they cause. In this regard, microbiologists study the
scientific stage and offers internationally recognised pathogens responsible for serious infectious diseases affecting
undergraduate and postgraduate degrees. These degrees are humans, animals, wildlife and plants in order to treat and control
research oriented and place strong emphasis on developing them. Microbiology also focuses on the different applications
analytical skills. The Division of Genetics offers both single- that use beneficial micro-organisms in food production, water
and dual-major options in its Genetics and Human Genetics purification and other industrial applications.
programmes. Students can therefore choose to either specialise
in genetics as a single major, or combine their genetics subjects Description of the programme
with a second multidisciplinary major, such as biochemistry, A microbiologist’s basic training is a three-year BSc degree. Apart
microbiology, plant science, zoology or human physiology in the from exposure to a range of subjects in the biological sciences,
Human Genetics programme. there is also a focus on specialised microbiology topics, such
as mycology, bacteriology, virology, microbial ecology, clinical
At the undergraduate level, students are provided with a thorough microbiology, plant pathology, molecular microbiology, microbial
background in the principles of genetics, as well as the application interactions and food microbiology. Students can combine
of these principles in fields as diverse as genomics, plant and microbiology with genetics, biochemistry, zoology or plant
animal biotechnology, diagnostics and risk determination, sciences as part of a dual-major degree.
bioethics, conservation ecology and population, behavioural and
evolutionary studies. Postgraduate studies are essential for a career in research. The
University of Pretoria has several internationally recognised
Biotechnology research programmes of which postgraduate students form
Molecular biotechnology involves the use of in vitro genetic an integral part. At the molecular and cellular level, the focus is
manipulation and recombinant DNA methods to genetically on issues such as the design of new vaccines, understanding
alter plants, animals and microbes for commercial gain. pathogenicity, and the development of new and improved ways to
Molecular biotechnologists aim to correct, modify, enhance detect and quickly identify microbes. There is also a focus on the
or exploit specific genetic traits in their target organisms for a discovery and description of new micro-organisms, and gaining a
wide range of practical purposes. This includes improving food better understanding of their evolution and diversity.
production, managing diseases, conservation and bioremediation.
Biotechnology will play a pivotal role in the future of the medical, Career opportunities
agricultural, veterinary and ecological sciences. Microbiologists can pursue a variety of careers ranging from
practical application to basic research. Career opportunities are
Description of the programme available in the medical and veterinary sector, as well as in the
The Biotechnology programme is an interdepartmental food, fermentation, agricultural, environmental and water sectors.
programme with a particular emphasis on molecular biology, Research can be conducted at organisations such as the CSIR,
which is aimed at empowering students to pursue their interest MRC or ARC. Microbiologists are also employed as lecturers and
in biotechnology. Undergraduate training includes exposure to researchers at academic institutions.
aspects of biochemistry, genetics and microbiology, in addition
to the other subjects chosen by the student. Students are
encouraged to decide on their postgraduate research direction
during the course of their undergraduate studies and to choose
their electives accordingly.
Biological Sciences
Human Physiology
BSc (Human Physiology)
BSc (Human Physiology, Genetics and Psychology)
Physiologists study the mechanisms by which the body functions,

from the molecular and cellular levels through progressive
differentiation to tissue, organs, systems and eventually the
integrated interactions and control of body functions. Knowledge
is applied during research investigations of normal and abnormal
life processes. Basic and clinical research can be entered into
at various levels, namely the molecular, cellular, structural
and diagnostic levels. Human physiology is a major for two
programmes in biological sciences: BSc (Human Physiology) and
BSc (Human Physiology, Genetics and Psychology). Specialised
physiology modules form part of student training in medicine, Plant and Soil Sciences
dentistry, nursing, dietetics, biokinetics, communication pathology,
food science, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, radiography BSc (Ecology)
and some consumer science programmes. BSc (Plant Science)
Description of the programme Plants are fascinating organisms and much is still unknown about
During the first year of study towards a BSc (Human Physiology) their potential uses. It is, however, well known that plants are the
degree, students are exposed to a generic, basic range of best factories for synthesising valuable natural products. The
subjects in biological and agricultural sciences. In the second Department of Plant and Soil Sciences is a large department that
year, physiological systems (neurophysiology, haematology, offers both BSc and BScAgric degrees. (Information about the
cardiovascular physiology, pulmonary physiology, renal BScAgric degree follows later in this document.)
physiology, nutrition and digestive physiology, endocrinology
and reproductive physiology) are studied with biochemistry The Department is dynamic, innovative, modern and relevant.
as a compulsory subject. Staff members undertake world-class research and 70% of them
have received NRF ratings. Much of the research is of an applied
The programme is concluded in the third year with a selection nature, and contributes to the improvement of agricultural crops
of integrated physiology modules, namely sports physiology, and methods, knowledge of plant diseases, the use of plant-
nutrition and development, psycho-neuroimmunology and cell derived compounds, biodiversity and plant biotechnology.
physiology, as well as industrial physiology. At the third-year level,
students can select some elective modules. Psychology and In medicinal plant science, students learn about the discovery
genetics are compulsory subjects in all three years of study. and use of plant medicines and phytotherapeutically important
molecules obtained from plants. In plant biotechnology, molecular
Career opportunities tools and the use of model plants are discussed to study whole-
Research is performed in cooperation with medical teams in plant physiology. Gene and promoter identification, transfer
private and government research laboratories such as the CSIR, techniques for plant improvement and the analysis of plant
MRC and SABS, pharmaceutical firms, universities, veterinary and transcriptomes for plant improvement using micro-arrays are
industrial institutions, state departments (eg the Department of investigated. In the study of plant diversity and ecology, students
Health) and health farms. learn about South Africa’s rich and diverse vegetation and how
to facilitate conservation and management strategies for future
Physiologists also work in other fields, such as education generations.
(teachers, lecturers and instructors), sports physiology,
biostatistics, bioengineering, industrial hygiene, journalism and Description of the programme
medical technology, and in the industry as representatives of During the first two years of study, students are exposed to a
pharmaceutical firms. Graduates who completed their degrees range of subjects in the biological sciences. They can specialise
with Genetics and Psychology as majors also have access to during their third year. The Department specialises in plant
postgraduate programmes offered by the Department of Genetics diversity and ecology, plant biotechnology and medicinal plant
and the Department of Psychology (in the Faculty of Humanities). science. In the third year, students do several practical sessions
and experience plants in their natural habitat during a field
excursion. Postgraduate degrees are also offered. The one-
year full-time or two-year part-time honours degree includes a
research project and some theoretical modules. At the master’s
and doctoral degree levels, students are required to complete
research projects in one of the Department’s research fields.
Career opportunities
Career opportunities range from working in a laboratory to
studying plants in their natural environments. Opportunities
for employment could be at biotechnology and pharmaceutical
firms, South African National Parks, private ecological companies,
research institutions such as the CSIR, ARC and SANBI, and
universities.
Biological Sciences
Entomology is recommended for students with a fascination for

Zoology and Entomology insects. It entails controlling agricultural, forestry and household
insect pests, conserving insects that provide valuable services
BSc (Ecology) to humans and ecosystems, and reducing the transmission of
BSc (Entomology) vector-borne diseases. Depending on their personal interests,
BSc (Zoology) graduates can become forensic entomologists, quarantine
officials, insect pest management specialists, entomological
Zoology is the scientific study of animals. Insects represent the collections curators, insect rearing and laboratory technicians, and
majority of animals, in terms of individuals and species, and their environmental consultants and managers.
study is termed entomology. Zoology and Entomology incorporate
many more specialised disciplines, such as anatomy, behaviour, Ecology is recommended for students who want to understand
conservation biology, ecology, evolutionary biology, genetics, how animals and plants interact with each other, and with the
physiology, the epidemiology of wildlife diseases and plant-insect natural and human environment. In addition to modules dealing
interactions. Zoologists and entomologists collaborate closely with with animals, students take a number of modules on plant
agriculturalists, economists, engineers, mathematicians, physicists, diversity and ecology in the third year.
plant scientists and veterinarians, among others, to document,
understand, conserve and manage animal life. Postgraduate study in zoology or entomology opens more doors
for employment and makes it possible for students to pursue
Description of the programme further studies in animal biology and management. An honours
During the first two years of study, students in the BSc programmes degree is the minimum requirement for accreditation as a
are exposed to a range of subjects to provide a firm foundation practising natural scientist and for working as an environmental
for further study. In the third year, they take specified modules consultant in South Africa. The Department offers honours,
to qualify in zoology, entomology or ecology. Laboratory- and master’s and PhD degree programmes in Zoology and
field-based practical experience in all the modules provide Entomology.
opportunities for students to engage with the methods used to
gain new knowledge in the relevant fields. They learn the skills Career opportunities
required in the workplace and for postgraduate study. Students Graduates can look forward to a range of exciting career
can combine entomology or zoology with biochemistry, genetics prospects. They could be employed at nature conservancies,
or plant science as part of a dual-major degree. environmental consultancies and conservation planning agencies,
medical and veterinary research institutions, in the biochemical
Zoology is an ideal field of study for students with a keen and biotechnology industries, at educational institutions, in
interest in the biology, diversity and conservation of wild animals. IT-related fields and in the corporate sector. Career opportunities
Topics that are covered include physiology, behaviour, diversity include all the activities potentially involved in modern research,
and evolution, population and community ecology, and animal development and training, and natural resources policy
conservation in the face of human disturbance and exploitation. formulation. These usually include a stimulating combination of
analytical work, laboratory or fieldwork, and human resources
management.
Student contribution
‘I chose to study in the Department of Animal and

Wildlife Sciences because I have always enjoyed
working with animals and knew how many
different possibilities the field offered. While
growing up I always imagined myself as a
research scientist, and animal science allows
me to do the two things that I enjoy most
at the same time. Another dream I have
is to be a part of a team that helps to
alleviate hunger and poverty in Africa.
I grew up in a part of the country where rearing livestock and

agricultural practices provided the main source of income and
food for households, so I decided that a career in agriculture
would be a convenient stepping stone to achieving my
dreams. I soon realised that there was a big difference
between the production returns in the communal and
commercial farming sectors. The knowledge gained
through my studies will enable me to teach the less
advantaged how to apply science to diversify and
optimise their production of milk, eggs, meat
and wool. I would also like to raise awareness
of breeding techniques, production
systems, nutrition and management
techniques about which I learnt during
my undergraduate studies. I am
currently pursuing postgraduate
studies and I learn more
every day.’
Shante Mhlaba
MScAgric
(Animal Sciences)
Agricultural and Food Sciences
a professional career in the livestock, poultry and pig industry.

Agricultural Economics, Extension and The Department of Animal Science at UP is more than 100 years
Rural Development old and has a rich history of producing animal scientists and
performing relevant research that has contributed to the
BScAgric (Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness development of the South African livestock industry.
Management)
The way we practise livestock production has changed worldwide
Agricultural and food industries all over the world are facing over the past century and new technological developments
the growing demands of an ever-increasing population. At have created new opportunities for innovative research and
the same time, natural resources, such as soil and water, and application in all three disciplines of animal nutrition, animal
human resources are becoming scarcer and production costs breeding and genetics, and animal physiology. Animal scientists
are soaring. Agricultural economists need to find solutions that work in collaboration with veterinary scientists, crop scientists
will enable farmers to farm more effectively and reduce costs and agricultural economists to provide solutions to improve
to ensure the financial sustainability of farms and companies animal health and welfare, reduce CH4 emissions and increase
operating in agriculture. the efficiency of production to meet the demands of the world’s
growing population.
Agricultural economics can be broadly defined as the study of
how limited resources can be utilised to feed an ever-increasing Animal science is a profession in its own right, according to
world population. Agricultural economists are therefore Act 27 of 2003, and this requires animal scientists to register
concerned with the economic and financial issues related to with the SA Council for Natural Science Professions once they
farming, agricultural food chains and the prices of food on the have completed their degrees and start working in the livestock
shelf. The sub-disciplines of this field of study include marketing, industry.
financial management, economics, business management, policy
formulation and accounting. Description of the programme
The Animal Science programme provides a sound basis of
Description of the programme fundamental sciences during the first two years of study,
The Department offers the following two undergraduate which include the subjects Physics, Chemistry, Microbiology,
programmes: Genetics, Mathematics and Biochemistry. These are essential
A four-year BScAgric (Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness for understanding and being able to integrate the advanced
Management) degree for students who are more interested in principles in animal genetics, animal physiology and nutrition that
agriculture will be studied in the third and final year.
A BCom (Agribusiness Management) degree with the focus
on agribusiness management and marketing (For more In the final year, the three major focus areas of genetics,
information on this programme, please refer to the Faculty physiology and nutrition are integrated to teach the management
brochure of Economic and Management Sciences.) and application of large livestock, small stock, poultry, pigs and
companion animals. The BScAgric (Animal Science) programme
Career opportunities can lead to MScAgric programmes in animal nutrition, production
The term ‘farm to fork’ refers to the process that takes food physiology or animal breeding and genetics, or to an honours
products from where they are produced to the consumer’s degree in Wildlife Management.
plate. Agricultural economists play a role in every step of the
process. Owing to the diverse nature of potential careers in this Career opportunities
discipline, it would be difficult to compile a complete list of all the Animal Science is an integral part of agricultural production
possible occupations. Depending on their areas of specialisation, and the work environment of an animal scientist encompasses
agricultural economists are employed in the following fields: the production chain from primary farming level, animal feed
Input companies (as general managers, sales representatives, formulation, selection and breeding of farm animals and wildlife to
marketers or market analysts) the marketing and processing of the final products. In each link of
Large farming enterprises (as general or financial managers) this value chain career opportunities exist for animal scientists.
Agricultural enterprises (as market analysts, logistics managers
or commodity traders) Animal scientists may find employment as:
Commercial banks and insurance companies (as agri-specialists Technical advisors in the animal feeds and animal breeding
in insurance and financing) industries (including poultry, pigs/ruminant livestock)
Public sector (several positions are available, usually with a Animal nutritionists performing feed formulations for different
strong focus on policy and market analysis) farm animal species/companion animals
Animal nutritionists developing new animal feeds and feed
additives
Animal breeders and geneticists developing selection
Animal and Wildlife Sciences programmes and models
Researchers in any of the three disciplines
BScAgric (Animal Science) Animal scientists for livestock conservation and strategic
planning in the Department of Agriculture
Animal Science is a scientific field that involves the study of three Professional private animal science consultants
major areas, namely animal breeding and genetics, physiology Livestock extension and training specialists in the livestock and
and the nutrition of all farm, equine and companion animals. The broader agricultural industry
Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences offers a four-year Meat scientists in retail or product development
BScAgric degree programme that will prepare you for
product management and the development of new products

Consumer and Food Science and services. Consumer science aims to encourage strategies
to enhance informed, responsible buying and consumption
BConSci (Clothing Retail Management) behaviour, and consumer satisfaction, and to address the needs
BConSci (Food Retail Management) of people in small businesses and the retail sector.
BConSci (Hospitality Management)
BSc (Food Science) Career opportunities
BSc (Culinary Science) Career opportunities are diverse. A graduate’s eventual career
BSc (Nutrition) path is mostly determined by his or her personality and interests.
Students are therefore provided with opportunities to investigate
The Department of Consumer and Food Sciences offers BConSci different possibilities through compulsory experiential training
and BSc degree programmes. We provide relevant, world- during their studies. In their fourth year of study, they complete
class education and training for future leaders in consumer a research paper that offers them an opportunity to participate
science, food science and nutrition and are very proud of our in a formal research project and to consider the possibility of
internationally recognised postgraduate research programme. postgraduate studies.
Participation in national and international research projects
attracts outstanding students from South Africa and elsewhere. Over the years, the Department has acquired valuable contacts,
We excel in many areas, eg the pioneering of cross-disciplinary and students who perform well during their experiential training
research to help solve South Africa’s critical food and nutrition are often assured of appointments before the completion of their
challenges as part of the national Centre of Excellence in Food final examinations.
Security and the University’s Institute for Food Nutrition and Well-
being. Research focuses on food safety, nutritious and health- Graduates with a degree in clothing retail management are
promoting African food and beverages, novel plant biopolymers, employed as brand managers, clothing buyers and planners,
bioplastic microstructures and nanomaterials. Researchers fashion designers, fashion marketers, fashion product developers,
also aim to understand consumers’ use, consumption and quality controllers and assurance managers, store managers,
decision-making, and their management of food, clothing and image consultants, textile technologists, visual merchandisers,
textile products. This leads to the development of value-added pattern technologists and entrepreneurs.
consumer products and sound business practices. Our graduates
make a difference! Graduates with a degree in food retail management are employed
as brand managers, sales managers or store managers, food and
Consumer Science beverage buyers and planners, food stylists, food journalists, food
product marketers, visual merchandisers, consumer consultants
These undergraduate programmes are structured for four years and entrepreneurs.
of full-time study. Since UP is currently the only South African
university that offers consumer science degrees with a focus on Graduates with a degree in hospitality management are employed
the economic and management science aspects of the specific as food and beverage managers, food service managers, culinary
fields of specialisation, our graduates are sought after, especially specialists, events coordinators, entrepreneurs, food product and
in the retail sector. menu developers, food journalists, and food safety and quality
assurance managers. Graduates interested in teaching may
The programmes deal with the properties of the product consider teaching hospitality studies or training and consultation
categories, consumers’ purchasing and consumption behaviour, in the hospitality industry.
Sinqobile (Lolo) Sihlobo, did Science at school, but after finishing

Grade 12 she decided that she wanted to go a different route and
study something creative, innovative and more fulfilling. UP had
always been her institution of choice and through research
she found a programme that suited her perfectly, namely
the BConSci (Clothing Retail Management) degree, which
prepares students for various career opportunities in
the clothing and fashion industries. She is currently
working towards a master’s degree.
Sinqobile Sihlobo
– BConSci (Clothing Retail Management)
Food Science Culinary Science
The BSc (Food Science) undergraduate programme is a three-year The BSc (Culinary Science) undergraduate programme is a three-
full-time degree programme. Food scientists are concerned with year full-time degree programme. Culinary scientists focus on the
the chemical composition, structure and nutritional value of foods. art and science of food and food preparation.
They monitor chemical, physical and biological changes that occur
in foods during processing, preservation and storage. Nutrition Career opportunities
scientists deal with the human requirements for food and the BSc (Culinary Science) graduates are employed as culinary
effects of food on health and well-being. Culinary scientists focus scientists, culinologists, sensory analysts, food researchers, food
on the art and science of food and food preparation. Programmes product developers, food service managers, and food safety and
are both academic and practical and prepare students for quality assurance managers.
economically satisfying careers.
Nutrition
Students are provided with ample opportunities to gain
career exposure during practical training sessions, visits to
The BSc (Nutrition) programme is a three-year full-time degree.
food companies, attendance at conferences and events, and
Nutrition scientists deal with the human requirements for food
participation in competitions and mentorship programmes. They
and the effects of food on health and well-being.
are also actively involved in the South African Association for Food
Science and Technology (SAAFoST), the Nutrition Society of South
BSc (Nutrition) is an interfaculty degree programme, jointly
Africa and industry associations for meat, dairy products and
presented by Food Science (Faculty of Natural and Agricultural
cereals. Students organise activities through the student body
Sciences) and Human Nutrition (Faculty of Health Sciences).
TUKSFoST.
Career opportunities Career opportunities

The need for graduates with training in nutrition is driven by the
The food industry is South Africa’s largest manufacturing sector.
worldwide recognition of the fact that food does not only meet
Food scientists develop and supply foods that comply with
basic nutritional needs, but also plays a key role in the promotion
the ever-changing demands of modern consumers. They lead
and maintenance of long-term good health. Career opportunities
the fight against hunger and malnutrition by developing safe,
exist in food or related industries (such as pharmaceutical
affordable, nutritious foods. Graduates are employed the world
companies), government departments, international organisations
over as food scientists, food microbiologists or biotechnologists,
(such as the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation
food and nutrition analysts, food- manufacturing operation
(FAO) and the World Health Organisation (WHO)) and research
managers, food product or process developers, quality and safety
organisations, and as account managers and advisors in the food,
assurance specialists, food packaging or shelf-life specialists,
health and consumer sectors.
academics, sensory scientists and key food category managers.
All BSc graduates may register as candidate natural scientists with
All multinational and numerous smaller food companies employ
SACNASP.
nutrition graduates who quantify the nutrient composition
of products, ensure that they conform to legislation and
communicate the nutritional benefits of products to consumers.
They develop food products and supplements to meet the
specialised nutrition and health needs of specific consumer
groups.
‘Anyone who knows me knows that I love food and

what I like to call ‘foodventures’. This, combined
with a thirst for knowledge, an interest in chemistry
and a curiosity about the science behind food opened
the doors to food science. As I am now about to enter
into the world of work, I hope to gain experience and
become the best food scientist that I can be.
I hope to one day publish a research paper in the
field of food chemistry and use my knowledge to
make a difference in the daily lives of people. I am Prof Jean Lubuma, Dean: Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences,
happy that I chose to study in a field about which University of Pretoria and Mr Owen Frisby, SAAFoST Executive Director
congratulated Carina Mendes at the Exceptional Achievers Function
I am passionate.’ held at the University of Pretoria on 30 May 2019.
Carina Mendes – BSc Hons (Food Science)

Winner of a SAAFoST-sponsored Aubrey Parsons
Study Grant and the Pieter van Twisk Academic
Achievement Award
Postgraduate students can specialise in areas such as postharvest

Plant and Soil Sciences pathology, food safety and plant protection.
BScAgric (Applied Plant and Soil Sciences) During the first two years of the BScAgric (Plant Pathology) degree,
BScAgric (Plant Pathology) students are exposed to a range of subjects in agricultural and
biological sciences that include the more fundamental subjects
Ever-increasing human populations and increased such as biochemistry, genetics and biotechnology, as well as the
industrialisation exerts pressure on our natural resources. Some more applied subjects in agriculture.
of the greatest challenges in developed and developing countries
around the world are sustainable food production and soil Specialisation occurs in the second year. Students take subjects
utilisation, as well as the protection and reclamation of soil and in plant biotechnology, microbiology, genetics, plant production,
groundwater resources. These challenges can be met through a entomology and plant pathology. During the third year, they
broad understanding of plant and environmental interactions and study plant diseases directly and visit various production systems,
insight into chemical, physical and biological processes. businesses and farms where they observe plant protection in
action. This takes place during field excursions and holiday work.
The agricultural component of the Department of Plant and Soil In the final year of study, students complete a research project
Sciences consists of five broad disciplines: agronomy, horticultural and a number of theory modules.
science, soil science, pasture science and forestry science.
Postgraduate studies in this programme include honours,
The Department of Plant and Soil Sciences is a large department master’s and doctoral degrees. At the master’s and doctoral levels,
that offers both BSc and BScAgric degrees. (Information about the students are expected to complete a research project in one of
BSc degree can be found on page 13 of this brochure.) the research areas in the Department.
The Department is dynamic, innovative, modern and relevant. The Department offers the following postgraduate programmes:
Staff members undertake world-class research and 70% of them BScAgricHons (Crop Science)
have received NRF ratings. Much of the research is of an applied BScHons (Environmental Soil Science)
nature and contributes to the improvement of agricultural crops MScAgric (Agronomy), MScAgric (Horticulture),
and methods, knowledge of plant diseases, use of plant-derived MScAgric (Pasture Science), MScAgric (Soil Science)
compounds, biodiversity and plant biotechnology. MSc (Soil Science), MSc (Biotechnology), MSc (Forest Science),
MSc (Forest Management and the Environment)
Applied Plant and Soil Sciences PhD (Agronomy), PhD (Horticulture), PhD (Pasture Science),
PhD (Soil Science), PhD (Forest Science), PhD (Biotechnology)
The BScAgric (Applied Plant and Soil Sciences) degree is a four-
year, full-time programme. Each discipline has specific focus areas, Career opportunities
which in many instances involve cross-cutting research projects. Graduates from the various disciplines of the Department of Plant
Multidisciplinary training, as well as specialisation in agronomy, and Soil Sciences have the following career opportunities:
horticultural science, pasture science and soil science, enables Education and training: Graduates can work at universities,
both graduate and postgraduate students to embark on a diverse colleges and schools.
range of careers in the agricultural and environmental fields. Plant pathologists: Graduates are in demand in various
industries. Careers range from researchers to practitioners
Students who have successfully completed their undergraduate who work in laboratories, on commercial farms (which includes
programmes have the option to register for a one-year honours fieldwork) or in the food trade industry.
degree on a full-time basis. Research and management: Graduates are also hired at
research institutes, government departments, seed, fertiliser
and agro-chemical companies, municipalities and in the mining
industry.
Plant Pathology Extension services for technology transfer: Grower
associations, national and provincial Departments of
Plant pathology is the study of plant diseases. Whereas the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Environmental Affairs,
medical and veterinary careers focus on human and animal Tourism, Mineral Resources, Energy, and Water Affairs and
health, the plant pathologist focuses on plant health, which Sanitation also hire graduates.
ensures healthy plants and enough food for the increasing global Entrepreneurial: Graduates can work as consultants or in
population. The effects of climate change, chemical residues and production.
other toxic substances on plant health are important aspects in
plant pathology. Food security and food safety are also important
focus areas in modern plant pathology studies.
Cutting-edge technologies, such as molecular biology, are applied

in plant pathological research, for example to study phytobiomes
and the interactions between micro-organisms and plants. Plant
pathology is indeed the field of study of the future and integrates
various subject disciplines, such as biotechnology, microbiology,
molecular biology, genetics, plant science and food science.
The undergraduate and postgraduate programmes focus on

the study of organisms that cause diseases, how plants are
affected by diseases and how plant diseases can be controlled.
Physical Sciences
Chemistry Graduates are employed in most technology-based institutions
and work in the laboratories of industrial, research or academic
BSc (Chemistry) institutions. A chemist must be able to participate in teamwork
in a multidisciplinary environment in a wide variety of enterprises
Everything around us involves chemistry. Chemists recognise in both the private and public sectors. It is important to note that
the major role science plays in supporting modern lifestyles. the type of work available in chemistry depends on the level of the
Chemistry is responsible for many aspects of our lives: the clothes qualification obtained.
we wear are made from synthetic fabrics produced by chemical
processes; the drugs used for curing many illnesses are the result Advanced qualifications will eventually lead to positions
of intensive chemical research; a chemical process produces in research and/or production management and require
the paper we write on, and the ink we write with is a mixture of management and financial planning skills. Many career
many chemicals. Chemistry assures the quality of the food we opportunities are found in the fields of education, research,
eat, the air we breathe and the water we drink. Our bodies are journalism, environmental protection, food and beverages,
a complex mixture of chemicals, and the principles of chemistry energy, water, health, sport, pharmaceutics and cosmetics,
are fundamental to understanding the processes involved in the geology, mining and law enforcement. These include the well-
functioning of all living organisms and the development of new known professions of synthetic chemist, materials scientist,
medications and materials. It is the interaction and collaboration chemical pathologist, forensic chemist, analytical chemist, drug
of chemistry with the other sciences and engineering that meet analyst, patent lawyer, environmental chemist, geochemist, food
the ever-increasing demands of a modern society. chemist, polymer chemist and soil chemist.
Chemistry has been described as the central science as its impact

on our lives and society is all-pervasive. Since 1901, the Nobel Geology
Prize for Chemistry has been awarded to 153 individuals for work
covering all aspects of the chemical sciences. The concepts of BSc (Geology)
sustainable growth, including the reduction of carbon emissions,
renewable fuels, secure food and fresh water supplies, recycled Geology is the scientific study of the dynamic system of the
materials, environmentally responsible manufacture and waste earth and includes the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere
disposal are all firmly embedded in chemical expertise. Chemistry and biosphere. The study of geology integrates the principles
is also at the heart of cutting-edge research in the fields of of physics and chemistry, as well as mathematics and biology,
biotechnology, nanotechnology and new materials required for in studying the history and processes of the earth. The ever-
faster computers and improved solar voltaic cells. growing human population continuously exerts pressure on
natural resources, such as water, energy, mineral deposits and
Description of the programme building materials that are required to meet the basic needs of
This programme focuses on the fundamental aspects of humankind.
the discipline and aims to provide students with a thorough
background in the chemical sciences. Undergraduate training in Description of the programme
this programme provides an opportunity to combine chemistry This is a full-time, three-year programme that consists of both
with other fields of interest, such as physics, geology, mathematics practical and theoretical components and leads to different
and computer science, or subjects from the biological sciences, fields of specialisation, such as mineralogy, igneous petrology,
such as biochemistry, microbiology and botany. In the first year of metamorphic petrology, sedimentology, engineering geology,
study, students are introduced to chemistry. This is followed by a geochemistry, hydrogeology, economic geology, structural
more in-depth study of analytical, inorganic, organic and physical geology, as well as geophysics and geostatistics. Studies are
chemistry in the second and third years. All the subjects taught in practical and require extensive work in field camps, in areas
this programme have theoretical and practical components. that are often difficult to access, and in both underground and
surface mining operations. Students who have successfully
First-year modules in mathematics and physics are compulsory completed their undergraduate programmes have the option
for the BSc (Chemistry) degree. More advanced modules in to register for an honours degree in geology, engineering
mathematics and programming are recommended for students geology or hydrogeology. The honours degree is a one-year, full-
who want to pursue postgraduate studies in the computer time programme and serves as the minimum requirement for
modelling of molecules, materials or processes. employment and for practising as a professional geologist.
Postgraduate degrees in chemistry-based programmes are The Department offers two major undergraduate programmes:
research oriented. The one-year honours degree consists of BSc (Geology) and BSc (Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology).
advanced modules in analytical, organic, inorganic and physical
chemistry and includes two practical projects undertaken with Geology
departmental research teams of the student’s choice. MSc and
PhD studies involve research projects in the specialised fields
of organic and organometallic synthesis, electrochemistry, Undergraduate studies cover diverse topics that are of
nanotechnology, computer modelling of compounds and importance to our daily life and promote the general well-being
materials, chemical education and separation science, with the of our society. This includes the study of minerals and rocks,
emphasis on industrial, environmental, food, forensic and clinical mineral and energy resources (eg iron, gold, coal, oil and gas),
applications. Experienced research leaders and excellent research surface water reservoirs (eg rivers, beaches, lakes and glaciers),
facilities are available to expand the international research profile groundwater, volcanoes, earthquakes, plate tectonics, global
of the Department and expose students to the frontiers of climate change and the evolution of life. Geologists investigate the
research in their field of choice. earth’s history of 4.5 billion years to find new resources and to
better understand the past, present and future development of
the planet.
Physical Sciences
Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology Description of the programme

Both the BSc (Geography) and BSc (Environmental Sciences)
Engineering geology is the study of geological structures, as well programmes comprise fundamental modules that develop
as soil and rock properties at construction sites (such as dams, general skills. Training in spatial analytical techniques includes GIS
tunnels, mines, roads, buildings and stadiums) in order to provide and remote sensing, and enables graduates to analyse complex
accurate information prior to the erection of such structures. environmental issues. Students can also select modules from
other disciplines.
Hydrogeology is the study of water in the subsurface and focuses
on groundwater and soil moisture, for example water quality The BSc (Environmental Sciences) programme studies the
(pollution, mine water), quantity for abstraction and the influence multitude of interactions between the living (including humans)
of water on engineering projects. and non-living components of the earth. As a result of an increase
in the human population and technological advances, our
Career opportunities impressions of the environment have become more widespread
The honours degree is generally a minimum requirement and create complex, multidisciplinary challenges, for example the
for permanent and successful employment in industry and impact on ecosystems, natural resources, human health and
government. Independent consultation mostly requires a master’s well-being.
or doctoral degree and professional recognition.
Geologists are involved in fieldwork, laboratory work, office work, Geographers and environmental scientists’ main career fields
and computer modelling based on GIS, and require written are in education, research and the practical application of
and/or oral reports on the completed task. Employment is often geographical knowledge and skills.
offered by small exploration and larger mining companies, as well
as government, independent research laboratories, universities Graduates are employed by private companies, such as TomTom
and other tertiary educational institutions. In general, geologists South Africa, the Environmental Systems Research Institute
can work as environmentalists, mineralogists, geochemists, (ESRI) South Africa, the CSIR, banks, tourism industries and
and exploration geologists. They can also work in the mines (as other environmental conservation bodies. Geographers’ holistic
production geologists), in the ocean (as marine geologists), in training makes them highly sought after for policymaking and
computer laboratories (working with databases, GIS and three- developing strategies on many managerial levels by government
dimensional modelling) and as independent consultants. departments such as Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Water
Affairs and Sanitation, Environmental Affairs, Statistics South Africa
Engineering geologists are employed by organisations such as (StatsSA) and the South African National Space Agency (SANSA), as
the Council for Geosciences, the CSIR and mining companies, well as by municipalities. Many geographers and environmental
usually in the rock mechanics departments of these organisations. scientists are self-employed in areas such as environmental
Consulting civil engineering firms design dams, tunnels, roads, planning, analysis, risk and impact assessment, environmental
bridges, railway lines and industry- or infrastructure-related auditing, marketing, development, tourism, cartography and GIS,
slopes. Graduates may operate their own consulting practices and remote sensing. A master’s or doctoral degree is essential to
where general site investigations for urban development and pursue an academic career in this field.
infrastructure construction will comprise a large part of their work.
Geoinformatics
Hydrogeologists are employed by the government (Department
of Water Affairs and Sanitation), the Council for Geosciences, the Geoinformatics or Geoinformation Science integrates elements
CSIR, mining companies and consulting practices. The four major of various disciplines dealing with geographical data, such
focus areas are water resource evaluation, groundwater resource as geography, cartography, computer science, geodesy,
development, modelling mine water and contaminant transport mathematics, remote sensing and statistics. Geoinformatics can
problems. Consulting hydrogeologists are typically involved in measure and supply information on how one’s behaviour impacts
water supply, groundwater quality, monitoring and remediation, on one’s immediate environment, as well as how the environment
and water licence applications. influences one’s well-being.

Geography, Geoinformatics and Two study options are available at the undergraduate level. The
Meteorology BSc (Geoinformatics) degree focuses on general geographic
information science with geographical thinking and spatial analysis
BSc (Geography and Environmental Sciences) at the core, while the BSc (Information and Knowledge Systems)
BSc (Geoinformatics) degree focuses on computer science in GIS applications. More
BSc (Meteorology) information can be obtained at www.up.ac.za/ebit. Students
obtain theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the collection,
Geography and Environmental Sciences storage, processing, analysis and visualisation of geographic
information, as well as in the applications that use geographic
information to solve social and environmental problems.
Geography, as a bridging science, is the link between the natural
Graduates are trained to identify needs and apply problem-
and human components of our environment. Location and spatial
solving processes.
distribution of settlements and other human activities, such
as agriculture and tourism, as well as the processes, patterns,
problems and potential answers associated with these activities,
After the successful completion of the BSc (Geoinformatics)
are also studied. Geography is a planning and management
degree, graduates can apply for professional registration as GISc
science aimed at improving the quality of life of all communities.
technologists with the South African Geomatics Council (SAGC).
Physical Sciences
With appropriate work experience (work-integrated learning)

and law examinations, graduates can apply for registration as Physics
candidate GISc practitioners with a view to becoming registered
professional GISc practitioners. BSc (Physics)
Graduates with a BSc (Geoinformatics) degree readily find work Physics is the study of the laws of nature. Its principles form the
with GIS vendors (ESRI or Intergraph) or organisations such as foundation of all the basic sciences, such as astronomy, biology,
the CSIR, GIS consultants (AfriGIS, GeoTerra lmage, GISCOE), civil chemistry and geology. Physics also forms the foundation of
engineering consultants (Aurecon, SSI), SANSA, South Africa’s applied science and engineering, which led to major technological
National Mapping and National Geospatial Information (NGI) or developments from the horse-drawn cart to the supersonic
any municipality in the country. Many government departments, jet, from the candle to the laser, from smoke signals to satellite
such as Environmental Affairs, Science and Technology, Rural transmission.
Development and Land Reform, Water Affairs and Sanitation,
and Statistics South Africa, also employ GISc professionals. Description of the programme
Physics students will develop their creativity, inventiveness and
problem-solving abilities, which will enable them to advance to
Meteorology management positions at all levels of industry.
Weather and climate are extremely important in people’s Physicists is the Department of Physics are trained in a wide range
lives as they can affect many of our daily activities, such as of sub-disciplines, such as astronomy, biophysics, theoretical
agriculture, sports, travel and tourism. In the long term, they may physics, materials science and physics education. Materials
even determine whether humankind survives or not. There is are studied for nuclear applications and their properties are
increasing concern that human activities may irreversibly change investigated during irradiation. Materials for solar cells and opto-
the earth’s weather and climate. Serious concerns are also electronic equipment, as well as carbon-based magnetic systems,
expressed regarding the effects of air pollution. Meteorologists are also investigated. Furthermore, active studies are undertaken
and atmospheric scientists are interested in understanding how in biophysics, astronomy, mathematical physics, high-energy
the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere work. theory, quantum theory (resonances and information theory),
solid-state physics, incorporating computational physics and the
Description of the programme effect of symmetries. The Department has a high international
Undergraduate modules include physics and calculus, standing and many international collaborators.
atmospheric structures and processes, the South African climate
and weather patterns, physical meteorology, remote sensing, The useful and transferable skills that students learn in
geographic data analysis, dynamic meteorology, vector analysis experimental, theoretical and computational physics enable them
and a weather forecasting module. The practical component to become competent physicists. They can also use their skills in
is presented by a professional meteorologist using specialised a variety of career options outside of academia, for example in
software. Additional electives can be chosen from mathematics commerce and industry.
and applied mathematics, physics, statistics, chemistry, computer
science, geography and geology. Career opportunities
Graduates can work as academics at universities, where their
Career opportunities duties include lecturing, research and the supervision of
Meteorologists are employed by institutions involved in the study, postgraduate students. They can also work as researchers in
interpretation and prediction of weather and phenomena relating national laboratories, such as the Nuclear Energy Corporation of
to the climate. SAWS, the CSIR, some universities, agricultural South-Africa (NECSA), the South African Astronomical Observatory
institutions, municipalities and industries employ meteorologists and iThemba LABS (Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences).
who practise as specialists in mainly the following areas:
Researchers: All aspects of weather and climate are Graduates can become researchers in industry, for instance at
researched to improve our understanding of atmospheric the CSIR or Element Six, or science advisors for non-governmental
phenomena. Atmospheric modellers use supercomputers organisations, industry or government. They can also work
to simplify and solve complex flow dynamic equations of the as radiation scientists, medical researchers and biophysicists,
atmosphere. Air quality and the effect of air pollution on society atmospheric scientists and climatologists, developers of
is constantly monitored, and the impact of climate change renewable energy sources, geophysicists, innovators and
receives increasing attention. entrepreneurs, and computational scientists. For more
Weather forecasters: They analyse data and predict the information, please visit the Department of Physics website at
weather by using models run on supercomputers. Weather www.up.ac.za/physics.
forecasts are issued on different time scales, from very short-
range forecasting to forecasts that are valid for months ahead,
as well as seasonal forecasts. Some private positions, such as
presenting the weather forecast on television, are available.
Climatologists: They manage important data sets that contain
large volumes of information gathered by SAWS and other
organisations.
Meteorologists: They work as consultants in the private sector
and at universities to provide specialised research services.
Academic positions: These are available at some South African
universities for candidates who have completed a master’s or
doctoral degree in Meteorology. Academics ensure that the
training of meteorologists meets international standards.
Mathematical Sciences
Actuarial Science Many actuaries follow careers in the more traditional fields of
insurance and retirement funds. However, actuaries are also
BSc (Actuarial Science) making headway in other fields due to the recognition they are
earning for their unique analytical skills. This includes health care,
The Department of Actuarial Science is extremely proud of its financial consulting, risk management and banking. Because
alumni. Former students occupy the highest positions in the of their unique skills, many actuaries are appointed to senior
insurance and investment world, not only in South Africa, but management positions after their initial role in solving problems
also abroad. We strive to keep our programme competitive and by using mathematical and statistical calculations and models.
to make it possible for our students to leave the University with
a number of exemptions from the examinations of the Actuarial Financial engineers can be employed by banks and financial
Society of South Africa (ASSA). Our lecturers include highly skilled institutions, brokerage firms and investment institutions. They
academics who serve on various ASSA committees. are essential in portfolio and risk management. Activities include
asset management (trading in bonds, futures and derivative
Description of the programme instruments such as options), designing new financial products
Developments in the modern financial industry have led to a and devising strategies to control credit risk.
rapidly changing financial world. These changes create a growing
need for graduates who are thoroughly skilled in the financial
models and quantitative techniques that are used in modern Mathematics and Applied Mathematics
actuarial and financial mathematical applications. Throughout
their three years of study, students who are enrolled for a BSc (Mathematics)
BSc (Actuarial and Financial Mathematics) degree can choose BSc (Applied Mathematics)
between an actuarial or a financial mathematics option for their
coursework. The programme provides students with a broad Mathematics, which originated from arithmetic and geometry, is
education that will serve them beyond what is usually expected of about pattern and structure and is the language of science and
a graduate in these fields. technology. Applied mathematics is concerned with the modelling
and treatment of real-life problems in a variety of fields, such as
The actuarial programme is structured to provide the aspiring engineering, finance, statistics, physics and biology. The power
actuary with the opportunity to comply with the requirements of mathematics and applied mathematics lies in their abstract,
for exemption from the ASSA examinations in the shortest analytical and computational nature. Nowadays, mathematics is
possible time. In order to achieve the maximum exemptions, a essential for all technological, financial and managerial industries
follow-up honours degree is recommended. Students who elect that form the backbone of the South African economy.
not to complete the follow-up course will be well equipped to
enter the financial services industry or apply for a host of other The Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics is not
postgraduate degree options. only one of the largest departments on the Hatfield Campus, but
also one of the largest mathematics departments in the country,
For aspiring financial analysts or engineers, the programme with approximately 19 500 student enrolments for mathematics
provides depth and develops the student’s ability to design modules. The Department prides itself on excelling in both
and analyse financial products. The analytical techniques that teaching and research, as well as in community-based activities.
are essential for modelling the stochastic behaviour of financial
processes and analysing the resulting effects on investment The diverse and competent staff complement has expertise
portfolios are studied. in various fields. Researchers regularly travel abroad to attend
‘Why I am studying Mathematics? One of my main reasons for studying

Mathematics is probably the South African Mathematics Olympiad. In high
school, when I participated in the Olympiad for the first time, I felt quite
challenged. Fortunately I had the opportunity to attend a mathematics
camp at the end of Grade 9, and it was there that I discovered the
beauty of mathematics in its purest form: wild and free, waiting
to be explored and tamed. The result was that I continued to
spend a lot of time doing maths and now find myself studying
mathematics at UP. Mathematics is something I thoroughly
enjoy as it affords me the freedom to reason independently,
the excitement of solving seemingly impossible problems
and the satisfaction of deriving an elegant relation! This
is the reward for long hours spent puzzling over proofs, trying all possible routes
that might yield at least a useful lemma. It is because I believe that God created
mathematics to reflect the beauty of nature that I am passionate about this
subject and determined to explore it to the fullest extent’
James Louw – BSc (Mathematical Sciences)
Best first-year student in the Faculty, 2018
Mathematical Sciences
conferences and to pay research visits. The Department has successfully completed the undergraduate programme have
29 researchers who have received NRF ratings in fields ranging the option to register for an honours degree in Mathematical
from the more traditional abstract analysis to contemporary Statistics. Master’s and doctoral degrees can be subsequently
epidemiology, where the modelling of biological phenomena leads obtained.
to exciting options. The Department regularly hosts international
visitors. Career opportunities
Large companies require statisticians and data scientists to
A degree in mathematics trains students to apply, evaluate make sense of large sets of consumer information, to increase
and adapt existing problem-solving techniques, or to develop their annual revenue and to make informed decisions about
new mathematical models and techniques to solve problems their consumers.
stemming from natural, technological and financial phenomena. Google Analytics use statistics to track internet users to
generate leads for their recommended engines.
The Department offers two undergraduate programmes: Movement information captured by cell phones is used by
BSc (Mathematics) and BSc (Applied Mathematics). statistical predictive models to predict traffic congestion and
suggest less congested routes.
Description of the programmes Statisticians make use of statistical methodologies to detect
BSc (Mathematics): Compulsory subjects are analysis, abstract fraud, assist with credit-related portfolios and forecast financial
algebra, geometry (third-year level), calculus, linear algebra, economic trends.
differential equations, discrete structures (second-year level), Health insurance companies employ statisticians to study
mathematical modelling, mathematical statistics, numerical lifestyle behaviour to improve health care plans in South Africa.
analysis and dynamical processes (first-year level). Retail companies study customer satisfaction and customer
BSc (Applied Mathematics): Compulsory subjects are analysis, experience using statistical models.
continuum mechanics, numerical analysis, partial differential Spatial statistics can provide useful information about climate
equations, dynamical systems (third-year level), calculus, linear changes, crime hotspots and rhino-poaching geographical
algebra, discrete structures, differential equations (second-year maps.
level), mathematical modelling, mathematical statistics and Statisticians advise animal scientists on factors affecting animal
dynamical processes (first-year level). nutrition and genetic breeding models.
Government employs statisticians to understand how
Career opportunities population demographics, health risks and other factors
Graduates in Mathematics and Applied Mathematics are influence sustainable development programmes.
employed by research institutions, educational bodies (universities
and schools), the public sector (government and medical
institutions) and the private sector (engineering companies, Community engagement
financial institutions and the computer industry). The training initiatives
of these graduates in abstract, analytical and computational
thinking provides them with the background required to easily
adjust to changing circumstances in the professional environment Sci-Enza
and to construct mathematical models of natural, technological
Sci-Enza (previously known as the Exploratorium) is a science
and financial phenomena. Mathematicians and applied
centre where the general public, mostly groups of learners, can
mathematicians apply, evaluate and adapt existing problem-
discover aspects of science and technology. A variety of interactive
solving techniques or develop new techniques to solve those
exhibits in physics, plant science, zoology, mathematics and
problems.
engineering are available. Organised groups visiting the centre
are given a science show, as well as a guided tour of the botanical
Statistics garden and a visit to the Camera Obscura on the Hatfield
Campus. A reading corner containing popular scientific books,
BSc (Mathematical Statistics) magazines and video facilities can be used by visitors.
Sci-Enza is open during office hours on weekdays.
Statistics is the science of collecting, analysing and summarising
data. It involves computer programming skills, mathematical Please contact +27 (0)12 420 2865/3767 for more information; or
thinking and the ability to make sense of information. Statisticians to make an appointment.
are needed by people in many professions, such as actuaries,
economists, biologists, engineers and marketing executives.
It has been said that statistics makes information matter.

We say: ‘Statistics is the app for everything!’
Students are expected to have a knack for problem-solving,

with special emphasis on numerical interests and software
programming abilities. Verbal and written communication skills
are of the utmost importance in this field. Since statistics is a
scarce-skill profession, it offers endless job opportunities and true
career satisfaction achieved by solving real-life problems.

The BSc (Mathematical Statistics) programme is offered to full-
time students over a period of three years. Students who have
Article
Master’s student in Horticulture off to Australia

She added that she is excited about the opportunity to meet
delegates from across the globe, including the USA, New Zeeland,
India, Belgium, the UK, Australia and China, who are professionals
of all kinds in the plant propagation industry. ‘This is a valuable
networking opportunity where I can make new connections
and even improve on my people skills. I am truly honoured to
be chosen and I hope that I can bring back valuable skills and
information to use here in South Africa.’
Ms Coetser’s research project for her master’s degree is on tissue

culture of Moringa oleifera and she is supervised by Prof Elsa du
Toit from the Department of Plant and Soil Sciences. She assists
as a demonstrator and help for certain Horticultural Sciences
subjects and works as a part-time technical assistant at Du Prins
Wholesale Nursery, where she is showing potential in her work
on plant propagation. Ms Coetser is also a member of the Golden
Key International Honour Society since 2015 and was on the
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences’ Dean’s Merit List
of Exceptional Academic Achievers for 2014.
She also had great praise for the UP with Science Programme*.
‘It was a wonderful programme that played a large role in inspiring
Prof Elsa du Toit (left) and Ms Elmien Coetser (right) me to go into natural sciences after school. This programme
showed us that science is very broad and very exciting and that
you don’t need to be a ‘Sheldon’ to become a scientist. They
made science so much fun and got me excited to study’
In school she never fully realised what options there were in

Ms Elmien Coetser, an MSc Agric (Horticulture) natural sciences, especially in botany, which was her major
candidate at the University of Pretoria (UP) has interest, because it seemed that most people were interested
been chosen by the delegates at the recent in becoming a doctor, an engineer, a teacher or a lawyer.
International Plant Propagator’s Society (IPPS)

‘UP with Science inspired me to do well in my
Southern Africa Region’s Annual Conference to
subjects at school and made me think about
go to Australia on the Australia/Southern Africa science in real life differently. The programme
student exchange programme in May 2019. provided me with a bursary to do a BSc degree
‘I am extremely grateful to my supervisor, Prof Elsa du Toit, who at UP. At university, this background allowed
nominated me, and to the IPPS members who chose me for me to see that all aspects of nature are a part
this exchange programme. This will mean a lot to me in terms
of career development as well as being an amazing travelling of science. I am now very proud to have my
opportunity. I will be visiting many nurseries and botanical degree in plant and soil sciences.’
institutions in Australia, as well as attending the combined
Australia and New Zealand International IPPS Conference. The IPPS is a global network of plant production professionals,
From this tour I will be able to learn new techniques of plant including those involved in horticultural research and education.
propagation, as well as managing a business in plant IPPS aims to improve the knowledge, skills and professionalism
propagation,’ Ms Coetser said. of its members.
* The UP with Science Programme was a science enrichment programme for high school learners presented by UP from 1998 to 2016.
Article
UP and International Veterinary Vaccinology

Network teach learners about vaccination
‘Who knew that science can be cool?’
This was one of the many positive comments
from Prestige College learners during a
University of Pretoria (UP) and International
Veterinary Vaccinology Network (IVVN) outreach
programme that took place recently in
Hammanskraal, north of Pretoria.
A group of female scientists from the University of Pretoria,
Ethiopia’s Addis Ababa University and Uganda’s Makerere
University visited the school to deliver the second phase of the
IVVN African Schools Outreach Programme. The aim of this
programme is to provide women scientists working in veterinary
vaccinology across Africa with the training and resources (in the
form of a mobile laboratory in a suitcase) to host schools outreach
workshops in their local communities, with the overall goal of
inspiring the next generation of scientists.
The workshop, designed by the Easter Bush Science Outreach

Centre from Scotland’s University of Edinburgh, was really
hands-on, and the Grade 10 learners had the opportunity to
micropipette and perform their own experiment similar to
scientists working in laboratories across Africa. Students then
had the opportunity to interact with the scientists.
One of the excited learners, Lesedi Hale, said, ‘My experience

today was one I will never forget. I learned many things about
science—a subject I thought was uninteresting. Now I am starting
to question my career choices based on today’s demonstration.
Who knew that science can be cool?’
Another Grade 10 learner, Buhle Mazibuko, echoed Hale’s

sentiments. ‘Today was very informative. As a learner who is
approaching university, such occasions help me to decide on what
I want to be when I grow up and what I find interesting. I am very
grateful for this scientific experience. I learnt a lot and I got many resources for inspirational African scientists to host outreach
of my questions answered, and I think I might have even found my workshops in schools within their local communities. We were
career.’ delighted to host a training session at UP and hope the scientists’
new skills and resources will enable staff and students at UP to
Professor Christine Maritz-Olivier from UP’s Department of inspire the next generation of scientists across South Africa.’
Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology is a leading researcher
in the field of ticks and tick-borne diseases, and led the UP After implementing the programme across schools in Kenya,
delegation. ‘Our scientists working on finding solutions for animal Nigeria and Zambia, the IVVN are expanding the programme
diseases are passionate about communicating our activities to to schools in South Africa, Uganda and Ethiopia.
our local communities,’ she said. ‘This allows our school pupils and
families to meet and greet the researchers from the University, Follow the progress of the programme at
get real practical exposure to what it means to be a scientist,
and become excited about how science is striving to make our @IntVetVaccNet #InspiringFutureScientists
communities healthier. We are privileged to work with the IVVN and www.up.ac.za
from the Roslin Institute and the University of Edinburgh (UK)
to initiate the first roll-out of an exciting programme on For enquiries regarding the IVVN African Schools
communicating the science behind animal vaccination.’ Outreach Programme, please contact:
Dr Carly Hamilton, IVVN Network Manager, emphasised the Dr Carly Hamilton (IVVN Network Manager)
importance of this outreach. ‘The IVVN is committed to increasing Email [email protected]
the number of women working in the field of veterinary
vaccinology across Africa. As part of our activities, the IVVN Prof Christine Maritz-Olivier (University of Pretoria)
African Schools Outreach Programme provides training and Email [email protected]
University of Pretoria
Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
Tel +27 (0)12 420 4111, Fax +27 (0)12 420 4555
www.up.ac.za

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2020/21

Undergraduate faculty brochure

Make today matter

Message from the Dean

Are you ready for a challenge? Do you want to

If the answer is yes and you choose to

Prof Barend Erasmus

Message from the Dean........................................................................................................................... ii

Produced by the Department of Enrolment and Student Administration in December 2019.

* Replaced BSc (Food Management) in 2017

Programmes unique to the Faculty

Important information on undergraduate programmes for 2021

University of Pretoria website www.up.ac.za/nas

Minimum requirements for 2021*

Minimum requirements for 2021*

Minimum requirements for 2021*

Minimum requirements for 2021*

*Replaced BSc (Food Management) in 2017

Minimum requirements for 2021*

Minimum requirements for 2021*

Minimum requirements for 2021*

Minimum requirements for 2021*

BSc – Extended programme – Physical Sciences 4 D 4 D 4 D 28

Minimum requirements for 2021*

BSc – Extended programme – Mathematical Sciences 4 D 5 C 28

BSc (Actuarial and Financial Mathematics)

BSc – Extended programmes

Features of the BSc – Extended programmes

‘Although the physiology of micro-organisms is considered simple,

Anatomy Ideally, biochemistry is combined with chemistry, microbiology,

The Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology

This includes continuous scientific research into basic life sciences

Description of the programme

third year, the study of the genome, transcriptome, proteome

Star students in the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences

Justin Harrison, an MSc graduate from the

Martin Wierzbicki, a recent

Pilirani Tendai Khoza

Pilirani Tendai Khoza, a master’s student in Forestry

Rahil Samlal, a first-year BSc (Microbiology)

Genetics Career opportunities

Physiologists study the mechanisms by which the body functions,

Entomology is recommended for students with a fascination for

‘I chose to study in the Department of Animal and

I grew up in a part of the country where rearing livestock and

Agricultural and Food Sciences

a professional career in the livestock, poultry and pig industry.

Agricultural and Food Sciences

product management and the development of new products

Sinqobile (Lolo) Sihlobo, did Science at school, but after finishing

Agricultural and Food Sciences

Food Science Culinary Science

Career opportunities Career opportunities

‘Anyone who knows me knows that I love food and

Carina Mendes – BSc Hons (Food Science)

Agricultural and Food Sciences

Postgraduate students can specialise in areas such as postharvest

Cutting-edge technologies, such as molecular biology, are applied

The undergraduate and postgraduate programmes focus on