IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY

Power System Analysis, Computing and Economics Committee

Chair Vice Chair Secretary

MARTIN L. BAUGHMAN CHEN-CHING LIU ROGER C. DUGAN
Professor Emeritus Dept. of Electrical Eng. Sr. Consultant
The University of Texas at Austin University of Washington Electrotek Concepts, Inc.
5703 Painted Valley Drive Box 352500 408 N Cedar Bluff Rd
Austin, TX 78759 Seattle, WA 98195 Knoxville, TN 37923
Vox: 512-345-8255 Vox: 206-543-2198 Vox: 865-470-9222
Subcommittee Chairs Fax: 512-345-9880 Fax: 206-543-3842 Fax: 865-470-9223
Computer & Analytical Methods [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
EDWIN LIU, Chair
Nexant, Inc.
101, 2nd street, 11F
San Francisco CA 94105
Vox: 415-369-1088
Fax: 415-369-0894
[email protected]

Distribution Systems Analysis

Distribution System Analysis Subcommittee
SANDOVAL CARNEIRO, JR, Chair
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Federal Univ. of Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Vox: 55-21-25628025
Fax: 55-21-25628628
[email protected]

Intelligent System Applications

DAGMAR NIEBUR, Chair
Department of ECE
Drexel University

IEEE 4 Node Test

3141 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Vox: (215) 895 6749
Fax: (215) 895 1695
[email protected]

Reliability, Risk & Probability

Applications
JAMES D. MCCALLEY, Chair
Iowa State University
Feeder
Room 2210 Coover Hall
Ames, Iowa 50011
Vox: 515-294-4844
Fax: 515-294-4263
[email protected]

Systems Economics
ROSS BALDICK, Chair
ECE Dept. , ENS 502
The University of Texas at Austin
Austin, TX 78712
Vox: 512-471-5879
Fax: 512-471-5532
[email protected]

Past Chair
JOANN V. STARON
Nexant Inc/ PCA
1921 S. Alma School Road
Suite 207
Mesa, AZ 85210
Vox: 480-345-7600
Fax: 480-345-7601
[email protected]

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

 IEEE 4 Node Test Feeder

The system to be use in testing transformer models is shown in Figure 1:

1 2 3 4
2000 ft. 2500 ft.

Load
[I 12] [I 34]
Infinite
Bus

Figure 1 – IEEE 4 Node Test Feeder

Both the primary line (Node1-Node 2) and the secondary line (Node 3-node4) will be
constructed using the pole configuration shown in Figure 2.

2.5' 4.5'
a b c

3.0'

4.0'

24.0'

Figure 2 – Pole Configuration

Phase Conductor: 336,400 26/7

GMR = 0.0244 ft., Resistance = 0.306 Ω/mile, Diameter = 0.721 inch

Neutral Conductor: 4/0 6/1 ACSR

GMR = 0.00814 ft., Resistance = 0.592 Ω/mile, Diameter = 0.563 inch

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The source is a 12.47 kV line-to-line infinite bus.

Three-Phase Transformer Data:

Connection kVA kVLL- kVLL-low R - X-

high % %
Step-Down 6,000 12.47 4.16 1.0 6.0
Step-Up 6,000 12.47 24.9 1.0 6.0

Open Wye – Open Delta:

(Two Single Phase Transformers Each Rated)

Connection kVA kV-high kV-low R- X-

% %
Step-Down 2000 7.2 4.16 1.0 6.0
Step-Up 2000 7.2 24.9 1.0 6.0

Closed Connections Load Data:

Balanced Unbalanced
Phase-1
kW 1800 1275
Power Factor 0.9 lag 0.85 lag
Phase-2
kW 1800 1800
Power Factor 0.9 lag 0.9 lag
Phase-3
kW 1800 2375
Power Factor 0.9 lag 0.95 lag

Open Connection Load Data:

Balanced Unbalanced
Phase-1
kW 1200 850
Power Factor 0.9 lag 0.85 lag
Phase-2
kW 1200 1200
Power Factor 0.9 lag 0.9 lag
Phase-3
kW 1200 1583.33
Power Factor 0.9 lag 0.95 lag

Loads are connected in grounded wye for four wire line configurations and connected in
closed delta for three wire line configurations.
 Line Impedances

4-wire configuration:

Phase impedance matrix:

 0.4576 1.078j 0.1559 0.5017j 0.1535 0.3849j

zy   0.1559 0.5017j 0.4666 1.0482j 0.158  0.4236j  /mile
 
 0.1535 0.3849j 0.158  0.4236j 0.4615 1.0651j

Sequence impedances:
zypos  0.3061 0.627j /mile

zyzero  0.7735 1.9373j /mile

Three wire configuration:

Phase impedance matrix:

 0.4013 1.4133j 0.0953 0.8515j 0.0953 0.7266j

zd   0.0953 0.8515j 0.4013 1.4133j 0.0953 0.7802j /mile
 
 0.0953 0.7266j 0.0953 0.7802j 0.4013 1.4133j

Sequence impedances:

zdpos  0.306  0.6272j /mile

zdzero  0.5919 2.9855j /mile

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 Standard Wye-Delta and Delta – Wye Connections

A B C N
A B C N

a b c a b c

Wye-Delta Step Down Wye – Delta Step Up

A B C A B C

n a b c a b c n

Delta – Wye Step Down Delta - Wye Step Up

A B G
A B G

a b c a b c

Open Wye-Delta Step Down Open Wye-Delta Step Up

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

 Solutions

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
 Step-Up with Balanced Loading

Standard 30 degree connections are assumed for wye-delta and delta-wye banks

V1 = Vag for wye connections and Vab for delta connections

V2 = Vbg for wye connections and Vbc for delta connections
V3 = Vcg for wye connections and Vca for delta connections

Connection Gr Y - Gr Y Gr Y -D Y-D D - Gr Y D-D Open Gr.Y-D

Node-2
V1 7126/-0.3 7128/-0.3 7127/-0.3 12361/29.7 12361/29.7 7001/-0.3
V2 7145/-120.4 7145/-120.3 7145/-120.4 12372/-90.4 12372/-90.4 7183/-121.5
V3 7137/119.6 7137/119.6 7138/119.6 12348/149.6 12348/149.6 7281/120.5
Node-3
V1 13675/-3.3 23746/56.7 23746/56.7 13697/26.7 23723/26.7 24603/54.1
V2 13715/-123.4 23722/-63.4 23722/-63.4 13710/-93.4 23746/-93.4 21938/-68.6
V3 13698/116.6 23698/176.7 23698/176.7 13681/146.6 23698/146.6 22433/178.7
Node-4
V1 13631/-3.5 23680/56.6 23681/56.6 13653/26.6 23657/26.6 24558/54.0
V2 13682/-123.5 23663/-63.6 23664/-63.6 13678/-93.5 23688/-93.5 21900/-68.7
V3 13661/116.5 23625/176.5 23625/176.5 13644/146.5 23625/146.5 22380/178.6
Current 1-2
Ia 293.0/-29.3 291.6/-29.1 292.4/-29.34 292.4/-29.3 292.4/-29.3 346.7/-61.3
Ib 291.9/-149.3 291.9/-149.6 292.4/-149.3 292.4/-149.3 292.4/-149.3 349.8/-121.4
Ic 292.3/90.6 293.7/90.7 292.4/90.7 292.4/90.7 292.4/90.7 0
Current 3-4
Ia 146.7/-29.3 146.4/0.7 146.7/0-.7 146.5/0.7 146.4/-29.3 100.9/-0.9
Ib 146.2/-149.3 146.4/-119.3 146.4/-119.3 146.2/-119.4 146.4/-149.3 101.2/-121.4
Ic 146.4/90.6 146.4/120.7 146.4/120.7 146.6/120.6 146.4/90.7 100.2/118.7
Node 2
Van 7130/-0.3
Vbn 7144/-120.3
Vcn 7136/119.6

Vng 3.10/174.9

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

 Step-Up with Unbalanced Loading

Standard 30 degree connections are assumed for wye-delta and delta-wye banks

V1 = Vag for wye connections and Vab for delta connections

V2 = Vbg for wye connections and Vbc for delta connections
V3 = Vcg for wye connections and Vca for delta connections

Connection Gr Y - Gr Y Gr Y -D Y-D D - Gr Y D-D Open Gr.Y-D

Node-2
V1 7161/-0.1 7121/-0.4 7120/-0.4 12364/29.8 12362/29.8 7001/0.01
V2 7120/-120.3 7147/-120.3 7147/-120.3 12391/-90.5 12392/-90.4 7207/-121.3
V3 7128/119.3 7150/119.5 7150/119.6 12333/149.6 12334/149.5 7264/120.5
Node-3
V1 13839/-2.1 23703/57.2 23703/57.2 13792/27.7 23675/27.2 24762/55.0
V2 13663/-123.3 24040/-63.6 24040/-63.6 13733/-93.5 24060\-93.6 22756/-68.8
V3 13655/115.1 23576/176.1 23576/176.1 13641/145.4 23573/146.0 22455/177.6
Node-4
V1 13815/-2.2 23637/57.1 23637/57.1 13768/27.7 23610/27.2 24716/54.9
V2 13614/-123.4 23995/-63.8 23995/-63.8 13684/-93.6 24015/-93.7 22728/-68.9
V3 13615/114.9 23496/175.9 23495/175.9 13600/145.2 23492/145.9 22398/177.5
Current 1-2
Ia 216.8/-34.0 332.6/-28.1 333.5/-28.2 309.3/-35.2 312.3/-34.8 368.9/-52.6
Ib 293.3/-149.2 269.5/-155.6 269.6/-155.4 249.5/-146.5 248.1/-147.2 295.5/-119.5
Ic 366.7/96.7 275.5/100.3 274.3/100.2 319.3/98.1 316.5/98.7 0
Current 3-4
Ia 108.6/-34.0 156.4/-4.8 156.4/-4.8 109.0/-4.1 156.4/-34.8 107.3/-5.6
Ib 147.0/-149.2 124.2/-117.2 124.2/117.2 146.2/-119.4 124.2/-147.2 85.4/-119.5
Ic 183.6/96.7 158.4/128.7 158.4/128.7 183.8/127.0 158.5/98.7 106.7/127.4
Node 2
Van 7123/-0.3
Vbn 7146/-120.2
Vcn 7149/119.5

Vng 2.79/-173.9

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Four Node - Balanced Load , Step-Down Transformer – 4 wire line model

Single Phase Model

Vbasehigh=12.47kV
Vbaselow=4.16kV
MVAbase=6MVA
Zbasehigh = 25.9168 ohms
Zbaselow = 2.8843 ohms
Load = 6MVA cosf=0.9 lag
Transformer 6MVA 12.47/4.16 wye-wye connection

Z= 0.0045 - 0.0092i Z12 sec pos

0.0100 - 0.0600i ZT
0.0502 - 0.1029i Z23 se cos

T =1 1 1
0 1 1
0 0 1

TRX = 0.0045 0.0045 0.0045 -0.0092 -0.0092 -0.0092

0.0045 0.0145 0.0145 -0.0092 -0.0692 -0.0692
0.0045 0.0145 0.0647 -0.0092 -0.0692 -0.1721
0.0092 0.0092 0.0092 0.0045 0.0045 0.0045
0.0092 0.0692 0.0692 0.0045 0.0145 0.0145
0.0092 0.0692 0.1721 0.0045 0.0145 0.0647

Results
Convergence = 0.00000001

V= 1.0000 0.9892 0.9398 0.8271

Performance

METHOD No iterations Exec Time (seconds)

LADDER 14 0.03
BF 14 0.01
Teng 12 0.0
TRX 14 0.01

IEEE4busBFWyePUmono.m
IEEE4busTRXWyePUmono.m
IEEE4busLADDERWyePUmono.m
IEEE4busTENGWyePUmono.m

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Four Node – Balanced Load, Step-Down Transformer – 4 wire line model

Three Phase Model

Vbasehigh=12.47/sqrt(3)kV
Vbaselow=4.16/sqrt(3)kV
MVAbase=2MVA
Zbasehigh = 25.9168 ohms
Zbaselow = 2.8843 ohms
Load Phase a = 2MVA cosf=0.9 lag
Load Phase b = 2MVA cosf=0.9 lag
Load Phase b = 2MVA cosf=0.9 lag
Transformer 6MVA 12.47/4.16 wye-wye connection

ZL12pu =

0.0059 + 0.0207i 0.0014 + 0.0124i 0.0014 + 0.0106i

0.0014 + 0.0124i 0.0059 + 0.0207i 0.0014 + 0.0114i
0.0014 + 0.0106i 0.0014 + 0.0114i 0.0059 + 0.0207i

Ztpu =

0.0100 + 0.0600i 0 0
0 0.0100 + 0.0600i 0
0 0 0.0100 + 0.0600i

ZL34pu =

0.0660 + 0.2323i 0.0157 + 0.1400i 0.0157 + 0.1195i

0.0157 + 0.1400i 0.0660 + 0.2323i 0.0157 + 0.1283i
0.0157 + 0.1195i 0.0157 + 0.1283i 0.0660 + 0.2323i

TENG BIBC matrix

T=[U U U;0 U U;0 0 U]

Donde U=[1 1 1;0 1 1;0 0 1]

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Rabc

Xabc

TRXbc

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

Results
Convergence = 0.00000001

Solutio Reported By IEEE

Connection Gr Y - Gr Y
Node-2
V1 7107/-0.3
V2 7140/-120.3
V3 7121/119.6
Node-3
V1 2247.6/-3.7
V2 2269/-123.5
V3 2256/116.4
Node-4
V1 1918/-9.1
V2 2061/-128.3
V3 1981/110.9

Solution Reported By Ladder Method

1.9156
2.0594
1.9787

ans =

-9.0856
-128.3237
110.8467

Solution Reported By Backward/Forward Method

Voltage Bus 4 (v)

1915.6
2059.4

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 1978.7

angle Bus 4 (deg)

-9.0856
-128.3237
110.8467

Solution Reported By TENG Method

Voltage Bus 4 (v)

1.9156
2.0594
1.9787

ans =

-9.0856
-128.3237
110.8467

Solution Reported By TRX Method

Voltage Bus 4 (v)

1.9156e+03
2.0593e+03
1.9786e+03
-9.0851
-128.3248
110.8464

Performance

METHOD No iterations Exec Time (seconds)

LADDER 17 0.02
BF 17 0.02

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Teng 17 0.04
TRX 14 0.01

IEEE4busBFWyePU.m
IEEE4busTRXWyePU.m
IEEE4busLADDERWyePU.m
IEEE4busTENGWyePU.m

Unbalanced Loading

Connection Gr Y - Gr Y
Node-2
V1 7164/-0.1
V2 7110/-120.2
V3 7082/119.3
Node-3
V1 2305/-2.3
V2 2255/-123.6
V3 2203/114.8
Node-4
V1 2175/-4.1
V2 1930/-126.8
V3 1833/102.8

LADDER 28 ITER
2.1732
1.9278
1.8300
-4.1293
-126.8005
102.8163

TENG 28 ITER

2.1732
1.9278
1.8300
-4.1293
-126.8005

TRX 14 ITER
V4a =

2.1732e+03

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V4b =

1.9277e+03

V4c =

1.8301e+03

ans =

-4.1284

ans =

-126.8032

ans =

102.8184

BF 28 ITER

2.1732
1.9278
1.8300

-4.1293
-126.8005
102.8163

IEEE4busBFWyePUunb.m
IEEE4busTRXWyePUunb.m
IEEE4busLADDERWyePUunb.m
IEEE4busTENGWyePUunb.m

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.