DE LA SALLE LIPA

COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CKTS001 – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 1 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT MANUAL

EXPERIMENT #3: EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE, DELTA-WYE TRANSFORMATION

I. OBJECTIVES

1. To become acquainted with the technique used to determine the resistance of a

combination of series and parallel circuits.
2. To become familiar with three terminals resistive networks and the delta-wye
transformation technique.

II. DISCUSSION

In many instances, circuits are composed of series and parallel arrangements of

resistors and loads. The procedure for solving such a circuit is to reduce the series
strings and parallel branches to their equivalent resistances. The process is continued
until only the final equivalent resistance remains. During the process, the actual circuit
has to be reduced to an equivalent circuit. Equivalent circuits are models of actual
circuits and are used to simplify circuit analysis.
For certain types of circuits, the technique described above will not suffice. The
delta-wye or wye-delta transformation technique must be used. The circuit
configuration of the delta and wye circuits are shown in Fig. 3.1. The delta equivalent
of the wye circuit is given by the following equations:

R12 = (R1R2 + R2R3 + R3R1) / R3

R23 = (R1R2 + R2R3 + R3R1) / R1
R31 = (R1R2 + R2R3 + R3R1) / R2

The wye equivalent of a delta network is given by the following equations:

R1 = R12R31 / (R12 + R23 + R31)

R2 = R23R12 / (R12 + R23 + R31)
R3 = R31R23 / (R12 + R23 + R31)

III. INSTRUMENTS AND COMPONENTS

ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION QUANTITY

DC voltmeter 1
DC ammeter 1
DC power supply 1
150 ohm resistor 1
100 ohm resistor 1
75 ohm resistor 2
50 ohm resistor 2

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CKTS001 – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 1 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT MANUAL

IV. PROCEDURE

1. Connect the circuit shown in Fig. 3.2.

2. Record the circuit voltage and current in the data table under circuit 1.
3. Using the current and voltage, compute the resistance of the circuit.
4. Disconnect the source and measure the total resistance of the circuit with the VOM.
5. Using the indicated values of the resistors, calculate the total resistance.
6. Connect the circuit shown in Fig. 3.3. Repeat steps 2 to 5. Record these data in the
table under circuit 2.

V. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig. 3.1. Delta and wye circuits

Fig. 3.2 The Experimental Circuit (1) Fig. 3.3 The Experimental Circuit (2)

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CKTS001 – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 1 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT MANUAL

VI. DATA AND RESULTS

E I RT = E/I RT (VOM) RT (calculated)

circuit 1
circuit 2

VII. PROBLEMS
1. Define:
(a) circuit

(b) linear circuit

(c) nonlinear circuit

(d) bilateral circuit

(e) electrical network

2. A resistor of 40 ohms is in series with two resistors A and B in parallel. The

resistance of A is 100 ohms. The entire series-parallel circuit is connected across
a 120V supply. Determine (a) the resistance of resistor B in order that the current
to the entire circuit is 1.2A and (b) the current in the resistor A and B.

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CKTS001 – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 1 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT MANUAL

3. Find the resistance across A and B.

All resistances are in ohms

4. The resistance of resistors A, B and C are 300, 600 and 1200 ohms respectively.
Show using circuit diagrams how these resistors should be connected to get an
equivalent resistance of (a) 1400, (b) 700 and (c) 840 ohms.

VIII. CONCLUSION

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CKTS001 – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 1 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT MANUAL

EXPERIMENT #4 : OHM’S LAW

I. OBJECTIVES
1. To become familiar with Ohm’s law.
2. To study the sign convention as regard voltages and currents.

II. DISCUSSION
For most materials and under fixed environmental conditions, the current in it
is directly proportional to the potential difference across it. The proportionality constant
is the resistance of the material. This relationship is known as Ohm’s law. In the
equation form, we write: V = IR

Ohm’s law is applicable whether we are dealing with a simple circuit or with
parts of a more complex circuit. The resistance used in the equation could be that of
a single resistor or the equivalent resistance of a group of resistors. In using Ohm’s
law, we should be consistent as regard the quantities used in the equation.

A current IAB is positive if it is directed from point A to point B. we could easily

establish this direction by using an ammeter. A conventional ammeter would have an
uphill deflection if the current enters its positive terminal and leaves its negative
terminal. A potential difference VAB is positive if point A is at a higher potential than
point B. Again, this could easily be established using a voltmeter. A conventional
voltmeter will have an uphill deflection if its positive terminal is maintained at a higher
potential.

III. INSTRUMENTS AND COMPONENTS

ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION QUANTITY

DC voltmeter 1
DC ammeter 1
DC power supply 1
100 ohm resistor 1
75 ohm resistor 2
50 ohm resistor 2

IV. PROCEDURE

1. Connect the circuit shown in Fig. 4.1. Set the DC power supply at 12V.

2. Measure and record IAB. Since this is the total current supplied by the battery, the
equivalent resistance between points A and E is equal to E / IAB.

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CKTS001 – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 1 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT MANUAL

3. Disconnect the supply voltage and measure the resistance between A and E using a
VOM. Compute for the percent difference between the two values.

4. Place the supply back. Measure and record the voltages and currents indicated in
the table.

V. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig. 4.1. The Experimental Circuit

VI. DATA AND RESULTS

Step 2: RAE = ___________ Step 3: RAE = ____________
Percent (%) difference = _____________
Step 4:

IBD IDE IBC VBD VDE VBC

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CKTS001 – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 1 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT MANUAL

VII. PROBLEMS

1. Why can’t Ohm’s law be described in terms of “constant proportionality”?

2. Why does the E/I ratio of an electric circuit indicate its ability to oppose electr4ic
current rather than its ability to permit current flow?

3. An electric fuse consists of a small strip of wire with a low melting temperature. The
current in the protected circuit flows through this strip. Which will have a greater
resistance, a 10A fuse or a 20A fuse? Explain.

4. What is meant by a mil-foot section of wire?

5. What is the conversion factor for converting ohm-meters to ohm per circular mil-foot?

VIII. CONCLUSION

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CKTS001 – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 1 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT MANUAL

EXPERIMENT #5: KIRCHHOFF’S LAW

I. OBJECTIVES

1. To study Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws.

2. To study the correct sign for each of the quantities involved.

II. DISCUSSION

Kirchhoff’s laws consist of two parts; Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL) and Kirchhoff’s
voltage law.

Kirchhoff’s current law states that the algebraic sum of the currents entering a node
is equal to the algebraic sum of the currents leaving it. Nodes are junction points where
two or more branches are connected together.

Kirchhoff’s voltage law states that the algebraic sum of the voltages around a
closed path is zero. In effect, it states that the potential of a point with respect to itself
is zero.

Kirchhoff’s laws are written for an electric circuit to get up equations which, when
solved, would yield the unknown voltages and currents. They are applicable for any
linear circuit, regardless of size and complexity.

III. INSTRUMENTS AND COMPONENTS

ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION QUANTITY

DC voltmeter 1
DC ammeter 1
DC power supply 1
100 ohm resistor 1
75 ohm resistor 2
50 ohm resistor 2

IV. PROCEDURE

1. Connect the circuit shown in Fig. 5.1. set the DC power supply at 12 V.

2. Measure and record the currents and voltages indicated in the table.

3. Get the sum of the currents and voltages in each row. The sum should be close to
or equal to zero.

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CKTS001 – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 1 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT MANUAL

V. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig. 5.1. The Experimental Circuit

VI. DATA AND RESULT

Vab Vac Vca SUM Iab Icb Idb SUM

Vbd Vdc Vcb SUM Iba Ica Ida SUM

Vac Vcd Vda SUM Iac Ibc Idc SUM

Vab Vbd Vda SUM Icd Ibd Iad SUM

VII. PROBLEMS

1. Explain why the kitchen light becomes a bit dimmer when a toaster is turned on?

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CKTS001 – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 1 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT MANUAL

2. What is the significance of negative values of voltage and currents?

VIII. CONCLUSION

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