República Bolivariana de Venezuela

UNIDAD EDUCATIVA “DR. JOSÉ MARÍA VARGAS”

Municipio Carrizal - Estado Miranda
English 4to año
III LAPSO
 Lesson 12 What things are made of

Active and passive voice

There are sentences in active and in passive voice. In active sentences, we pay
attention to the subject who executes the action.

›Picasso painted Guernica.

Object

Action verb

Subject

In passive sentences, we focus on the action and not on the subject.

Form the passive voice with the verb to be+ the past participle of the action verb.

The object of the active sentences becomes the subject of the passive sentences,
and the person or thing that carries out the action in the active voice is introduced by
the preposition by. However, the use of the by phrase is optional.

›Guernica was painted by Picasso.

Agent

Preposition

Past participle of the action verb

Verb to be

Subject

›The house was cleaned. ›The windows were broken.

1. Underline the correct verb.

a) He was (scolded, scold) by his teacher.

b) She was (invite, invited) to the meeting.

c) They (are, were) invited to the party by Sue´s mother.

d) Some folders (is, are) made of paper.

e) The books were (sent, send) to the library.

f) The house (were, was) destroyed by the fire.

g) BMW car are (make, made) in Germany.

h) Those apples aren´t (grown, grew) in California.

2. Read the text. Underline the sentences in passive voice.

Mr. Mendoza and Mr. Rojas were best friends and classmates at the
university. They were educated by very good teachers. In 2002, Mr. Mendoza
was introduces to the members of our club by Mr. Rojas. Mr. Mendoza was
accepted as a new member by the Membership Committee. Last year, he was
elected president of the club by the committee. He was congratulated by his
friends. His wife Sara is a lovely person. She is very kindly by all the members,
and she is invited to their parties.

 Now rewrite the text in active voice.

Mr. Mendoza _______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________.
3. Write the passive voice form of the following sentences.

a) Miguel de Cervantes wrote “El Quijote”.

_______________________________________________________________

b) Guillermo Meneses wrote the novel “Espejos y disfraces”.

_______________________________________________________________

c) Jesús Soto created the work of art untitled Kinetism.

_______________________________________________________________

d) Victor Valera made many beautiful iron sculptures.

_______________________________________________________________

e) Teachers educated their children.

_______________________________________________________________

f) Ten million people elected the new French president.

_______________________________________________________________

g) Simón Bolívar liberated Venezuela.

_______________________________________________________________

4. Write sentences in the passive voice with the following verbs.

write punish elect buy discuss offer

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb “to be” and the
past participle of the given verb.

The world´s first commercial bottle of ketchup ______________(produce) in

1876 by Henry J. Heinz . ______________(export) to Britain ten years later but
the first UK factory __________________(not open)until 1946. Today, 200 000
tomatoes _______________(need) I this factory. Most of them
_____________(grow) in the Mediterranean and ________________(export) to
Britain.

6. Think of an invention developed in the past and write about it using

passive voice.

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 Lesson 13 If you do it every day…

First conditional
Use the first conditional to talk about possible future events.

First conditional sentences are divided into two parts: an if clause in the present
simple, and a result clause in the future simple.

When the if clause is placed before the result clause, it is followed by a comma (,).

If clause in present simple result clause in future simple

›If the weather is bad , we will not go to the beach.

When the result clause is placed before the if clause, the comma is omitted
because if connects the two clauses.

Result clause in future simple if clause in present simple

›We will not go to the beach if the weather is bad.

1. Read and match.

a) If we don´t check in early. ___ if you like to go to the beach.

b) She´ll never be a great tennis player. ___ she´ll call the police.

c) I´ll buy you the blue jacket. ___ if she doesn´t practice a lot.

d) You´ll really love Margarita island. _a_ all the best seats will be taken.

e) If Ana finds out the truth, ___ if you really like it.
2. Write conditional questions.

a) to / if / go / you / movies / ? / today / you / What / film / see / will / the

__What film will you see if you go to the movies today?_______________

b) you / milk / go / will / out / buy / some / you / me / if / ? /.

___________________________________________________________

c) What / program / watch / if / you / time / have / will / ? / you

________________________________________________________________________

3. Read and practice the conversation.

Diana: If you don´t hurry up, we´ll miss the bus.

And if we miss the bus, we´ll miss the concert.

Jimmy: All right, all right.

Diana: Do you have your ticket for the concert?

If you don´t have it, they won´t let you in…

Jimmy: I know. I´ve got my ticket.

Diana: Let´s go! Here comes the bus.

 Now answer the questions.

a) What will happen if Jimmy doesn´t hurry?

__If Jimmy doesn´t hurry, he and Diana will miss the bus.________________

b) What will happen if Diana and Jimmy miss the bus?

______________________________________________________________

c) What will happen if Jimmy forgets his ticket?

______________________________________________________________
4. Complete the conditional sentences with the verbs in parentheses.

a) If the weather is nice, I´ll run in the park.___________________(run).

b) If I study a lot,______________________________________(pass)

c) If I have money, ___________________________________(buy)

d) If there is a holiday, ________________________________(travel)

e) If there´s a fire at school, ______________________________(call)

f) If it rains next Sunday, _________________________________(go)

g) If he invites her,_________________________________________(accept)

 Now, select one of the sentences and write a sequence. Follow the
example. Then, share it with your classmates.

If the weather is nice, I´ll run in the park. If I run in the park, I´ll be thirsty. If I´m
thirsty , I´ll drink water. If I drink water,.._______________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

5. Complete the following sentences-

a) If I don´t pass the exam, _________________________________________

b) If I go there, ___________________________________________________

c) If I buy a car, __________________________________________________

d) If they invite me, _______________________________________________

e) If I win a tottery, _______________________________________________

 Lesson 14 If I were you

Second conditional
Use the second conditional to talk about events that are not very likely to happen.

Second conditional sentences are divided into two parts: an if clause in the past
simple, and a result clause with the conditional would+ the base form of the verb.

When the if clause is placed before the result clause, it is followed by a comma.
If clause in past simple result clause with would+base form of the verb

›If I had enough money, I would travel around the world.

When the result clause is place before the if clause, the comma is omitted because
if connects the two clauses.
Result clause with would+base form of the verb If clause in past simple

›I would tavel around the world if I has enough money.

In second conditional sentences, use were with all the personal pronouns.

› If I were you, I would go home. ›If she were here, your room wouldn´t be a mess.
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.

a) If I ______________(be) rich, I ________________(invest) some money.

b) My youngest brother ___________(return) if he _________(miss) us.

c) If it _______________(not / hurt), she ______________(go) to the dentist.

d) If Sam _____(tell) them some jokes, they_______________(not/be) sad anymore.

e) You ___________(arrive) late if you_______________(walk).

2. Complete the sentences.

a) If I had enough time, I would watch the news on TV every day.____________

b) Peter would come on time if he____________________________________

c) If my sister left home, I ___________________________________________

3. Change the sentences into the second conditional form.

a) They will accept it if I ask them.

__They would accept it if I asked them._____________________________

b) I´ll go to the party if she invites me.

____________________________________________________________

c) If all the students are quiet, the teacher will be happy.

_____________________________________________________________

d) He can come if he wants to.

____________________________________________________________

e) If you stop smoking, you will feel better.

______________________________________________________________
4. Writ three answers for each question.

a) What would you tell your friend if you didn´t like her new dress?

I´d tell her to buy another one.

I´d ask her to change it.

I´d tell her that it doesn´t fit her.

b) If you saw a friend shop-lifting, what would you do?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c) What would you do if you didn´t have enough money to go home?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

5. Ask Wh-questions about the following text.

On Tuesday evening, January 15th, Ingmar has to travel to San Cristobal from
Caracas. She will give an important speech at a business conference there. The
weather is terrible today. If it were good, she would fly today. Unfortunately,
that´s not possible.

a)______________________________________________________________

b)______________________________________________________________

c)______________________________________________________________

d)______________________________________________________________

e)______________________________________________________________
 Lesson 15 What did he say?

Reported speech
Use reported speech to quote the speaker without saying the exact words he/she said.

Direct speech Reported speech

Pronouns change according

to the speaker: my father=he

›My father: “I am sad”. ›You: My father said (that) he was sad.

Verb tenses change

Speaker according to the sentence in this

case, from the present simple (am)

to the past simple (was).

Reporting verbs

Say and tell are reporting verbs. Use tell when you mention the person you are talking
to.

›He told her that he had worked there.

“he” is talking to “ her”

In question, the verb say can be also used, but it is necessary to add the word to.

›What did he say to you?

Use say without to when you are not talking to a specific person; in that case you don´t
mention anybody.

›He said that he had worked.

 Changes in reported speech

Some changes are necessary when you report what other people say.

Pronouns and adjectives. Verbs tenses

I he / she am/ is was have / has had

My his / her are were will would

Me him / her do did can could

1. Complete the sentences with told or said.

a. Lourdes _____ that she had been very busy the day before.

b. The boys _____ me that they had to write many reports.

c. She told ______ him that she was studying all day.

d. Ricardo ____ he didn´t like it at all.

2. Change each sentences from reported into direct speech.

a. He said that he was from Argentina.

He: I´m from Argentina.

b. They told me they weren´t Canadian.

_________________________________________________________

c. She said she had live in Madrid for 10 years.

__________________________________________________________

d. He said that he couldn´t speak Spanish.

__________________________________________________________

e. She told me she was going to travel to Italy the following month.

__________________________________________________________
 3. Read the text.

A teen doctor? May, 24to Richard news.

By Mandy Simmons.

This he was he told us about his job: “I´m a doctor in Central Hospital in Trenton, New
Jersey. Whenever I tell people I´m a doctor, they are astonished because I´m too
young. And it´s true, I´m 17! However, I´ve studied for years to get a degree.
Nowadays, I continue learning about new advances in medicine.

Now, write a report about what Richard said.

He said that
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

4. Answer these question.

a. What did your parents tell you before you began the school?

_______________________________________________

b. What did the teacher tell you the beginning of class?

_______________________________________________

c. What did your friends say when they left the concert?

_______________________________________________

d. What did you tell your classmates the first day of class?

_______________________________________________

e. What did you parents say when you were going on vacations?

_______________________________________________
5. Report what these people say.

a. He said: I like reading the local newspaper.

He said that he like reading the local paper.

b. She said: There is a letter four you.

_____________________________________

c. They said: We won´t work for the same money.

______________________________________

d. She said: I hate reading the sport section.

______________________________________

e. He said: This is a very dangerous situation.

______________________________________
 Lesson 16 What did the label said?

Reporting questions.
Use the verbs ask in the past (asked) to report questions.

Direct Yes / no question Report Yes / no question.

Elena: “Are you a teacher? You: Elena asked me if I was a teacher.

Use If when reporting Yes/no question.

Direct wh-question Report wh- question

Elena: What´s your name? You: Elena asked me what my name was.
Use the same word at the direct question

Reporting imperative sentences

Use the verb tell in the past (told) to report imperatives sentences (orders,
prohibitions, commands and instructions).

Direct report sentences Report imperative sentences.

Daniel: “Sasha, arrive on time!” He told her to arrive on time.

Use the infinitive with to when reporting imperative sentences.

Direct imperative sentences Reported negative imperative sentence.

Mom: “Don’t talk in class, boys” She told them not to talk in class
Use not and the infinitive with to when reporting imperative sentences.
1. Change the statements from reported speech into direct speech.

a) They asked me what my mother´s name was.

__They: “ What´s your mother´s name?”_______________________________

b) My parents asked me when I had visited Felix.

_______________________________________________________________

c) The police officer told me not to park my car there.

_______________________________________________________________

2. Report the teacher´s prohibition.

a) “Don´t write in your books”

__She told us not to write in our books._______________________________

b) “Don´t be late.”

_______________________________________________________________

c) “Don´t speak aloud.”

_______________________________________________________________

d) “Don´t eat in the classroom.”

_______________________________________________________________

e) “Don´t use your cellular phones in class.”

_______________________________________________________________

3. Change these sentences from indirect to direct speech.

a) She said that she was cooking her own food.

She: I´m cooking my own food.”_____________________________________

b) They said that they would write the letter.

_______________________________________________________________
c) She asked Carlos why he had left.

_______________________________________________________________

d) Tom said that they couldn´t live without their parents.

_______________________________________________________________

4. Read and complete the job interview.

What´s your name? My name is_____________________

Where are you from? I´m ___________________________

Where do you live? I_____________________________

How old are you? ______________________________

Where did you go to school? ______________________________

 Now report the questions and answers from the interview.

a) She asked me what my name was. I told her my name was Andrea._______
b) _____________________________________________________________
c)______________________________________________________________
d)______________________________________________________________
e)______________________________________________________________

5. Use reported speech to write the orders that the teacher gave to the
students.

The teacher has given the following orders to the students: “First, read the
text silently. Then write the unknown words in your notebook. Look up at he
words in a dictionary. Use the English-Spanish dictionary. Do not write on your
books.”

a)______________________________________________________________

b)______________________________________________________________

c)______________________________________________________________

d)______________________________________________________________

e)______________________________________________________________
6. Answer these questions.

a) What did the teacher tell the students to do first?

______________________________________________________________

b) How should they do it?

_______________________________________________________________

c) What did the teacher tell the students to do next?

_______________________________________________________________

d) Where should they do it?

_______________________________________________________________

e) What did the teacher tell the students to use?

_______________________________________________________________

f) What did the teacher tell the students not to do.

_______________________________________________________________

7. Report the following questions.

a) When are you going to Europe? _He asked me when I was going to Europe.

b) When did Mr. Smith come to see you? ______________________________

c) What does it mean? _____________________________________________

e) How much does it cost? _________________________________________

f) Where have you put it? ___________________________________________