Experiment Six

Measurement and control lab ( 0620444)

(Measurements)

Speed measurement

Experiment (6)
6.1. Characteristic of a slotted Optoelectronic Transducer and its application for count and speed
measurement.
6.2 Characteristic of reflective Optosensor.
6.3 Characteristic of the inductive Sensor
6.4 Characteristics of DC Permanent Magnet Tachogenerator.
Experiment Six

6.1 The optoelectronic slot transducer

The figure beside it shows the construction of a
optoelectronic slot transducer that consists on a L.E.D.
of infrared and a mounted phototransistor to both
sides of a slot, in a box of plastic with gaps in the inner
face of both sides.
The slot between them allows that the beam of
infrared rays is interrupted when an opaque body is
introduced. The current in the phototransistor collector is low when doesn't pass the
infrared beam and high when it happens.
The pulses of the positive voltage are obtained from the circuit of the phototransistor
emitter every time that the beam pass.
From here the device is adapted for applications of count and speed measurement.
includes an aluminum disk with a hole close to the periphery, mounted in the shaft of
the motor and a L.E.D. that indicates the position in which the drill allows the pass of
the beam.

The figure beside it shows the disposition of the

electric circuit.
Experiment Six

The main characteristics of the device are the following:

Diode

VF max (IF =20mA) 1.7V

VR max 3V

IF max (25°C) 50mA

Phototransistor

VCEO max 30V

VECO max 5V

PD max 150mW a 25°C)

General

Response Time 5s

Operating Current VCE =5V, IF x 10mA 3mA

Characteristic of a slotted optoelectronic transducer and its application for

count and speed measurement.

Figure 1

Connect the circuit as is shown in the figure 1.

Experiment Six

Turn the power on and observe the output voltage in the jack of the slotted optoelectronic
transducer and also establish the state of the L.E.D.

(1) with the beam broken by the aluminum disk, and

(2) with the beam through the hole in the aluminum disk.

Note: You can rotate the shaft by hand using the disk that comes given with the effect device
Hall.
The Timer/Counter in " count " and " free run".
The display should show zero, if not, press "reset".

Now rotate the shaft back and forth so that the hole in the aluminum disk goes by the slot of
the optoelectronic transducer.
Observe the counter display.

Reading
Dc motor voltage(v) count Speed(rpm)
(reading of conter*60)

Table 1

The combinations of the transducer and the counter allow that the speed is determined quickly.
Put the speed from the shaft to 1800 r.p.m. (30 rev/sec) and the position of the potentiometer
that is required to obtain it score.

Position of the potentiometer for a speed of 1800 r.p.m. = Has been easy to find the requested
speed?

Keep the connections of the motor power circuit to use them in the exercises of the remaining
transducers of speed.
Experiment Six

6.2 Characteristic of reflective Optosensor

The figure shows the construction of a opt reflective transducer that consists on a
infrared L.E.D. and a phototransistor, like for the unit of the opt transistor slotted, but
in this type the components are placed in such a way that the beam is reflected
correctly if the reflective surface is located at a certain distance. A non reflective
surface breaks the beam.
Three separated units are given with The Trainer DL 2312HG, these are mounted on-
line vertically.
The reflective surface is a Gray code disk that is fixed at about 4mm, approximately,
of the transducers.
When the beam is not reflected, the output from the emitter of the phototransistor is
low and when the beam is reflected the output is high.
Three L.E.D. indicate when is reflected the beam of the respective unit of the
transducer.
The output A it is the less significant bit (l.s.b) and the output C is the most significant
bit(m.s.b).
The Gray code is used for the coded disk more than for the normal binary because it
changes states only one digit at a time and this minimizes any error possibility in
identifying the actual position when it is in its segment limit.

The disposition in the disk of the Gray code and the respective outputs of the L.E.D are
shown in the figure below.
Experiment Six Position C B A

0 0 0 0

1 0 0 1

2 0 1 1

3 0 1 0

4 1 1 0

5 1 1 1
The black areas break the beam and produce a low output
from the associated transducer and the white areas reflect the 6 1 0 1

beam and they produce a high output. 7 1 0 0

In the Trainer DL 2312HG this section works as a transducer of position of angular

rotation but the same principles can be used that for the applications of linear position
and the slotted devices optoelectronic could be used with a transparent disk.

The figure above shows a linear Gray code disk, representing the superior segments
the l.s.b, and the inferior the m.s.b.

The accuracy of the position that comes with three devices and a code of 3 bit, is poor
but it can improve increasing the number of devices.

The basic disposition of the electric circuit for The Trainer DL 2312HG is like is shown
in the figure below
Experiment Six

The main characteristics of the device are the following:

Diode

VF max (IF =40mA) 1.8V

VR max 2V
IF max (25°C) 40mA
PD max 75mW (1.27mW/°C a 25°C)

Phototransistor

VCEO max 15V

VECO max 5V
PD max 50mW (0.91mW/°C a 25°C)

General

Optimum Distance 4.6 mm

Characteristic of reflective Optosensor

Figure 2.
Experiment Six

Connect the circuit as is shown in the figure 2.

Turn the power on and observe the output voltage.

Reading
Dc motor voltage(v) Speed (count/sec)
Sec1 Sec2 Sec3

Table (2)
Experiment Six

6.3 Characteristic of the inductive Sensor

The figure shows the outline and the electric circuit of the device incorporated in the
unit of The Transducers Trainer.

It is just a permanent magnet and a coil that in fact work as a “generator “of alternating
current.

When the iron disk (magnetic) pass above the magnet, the coil gives zero voltage and
when arrive to the slot, it generates a pulse due to variation of the magnetic flow.

Characteristic of the inductive Sensor

Figure 3
Experiment Six

Connect the circuit as is shown in the figure 3.

Turn the power on and observe the output voltage.

Reading
Dc motor voltage(v) Output voltage(DMM)(v)

Table 3

6.3 Permanent Magnet C.C Tachogenerator.

The figure below shows the basic construction of a of DC permanent magnet
Tachogenerator that consists in a group of connected coils to a collector or brushes switch
that rotates inside a permanent magnet stator.

With the coils rotating, they generate an alternating e.m.f. and the switch transforms it
into DC.
The value of the e.m.f. generated is proportional to the rotation speed and the polarity
depends of-the rotation direction.
The electric circuit of the device is shown in the figure below.

The diodes are adapted to limit any voltage peak that can generate the commutation
(that is to say, conversion of C.A to C.C.) until a maximum of 12 V.
Experiment Six

The main characteristics of the device are the following:

Figure 4

Connect the circuit as is shown in the figure 4.

Turn the power on and observe the output voltage.

Reading
Dc motor voltage(v) Output voltage(DMM)(v)

Table 4