Latin-Script Alphabet: Encoding Key Types of Differences Properties

Latin-script alphabet
A Latin-script alphabet (Latin alphabet or Roman alphabet) is an alphabet that uses letters of the Latin script. The 21-letter
archaic Latin alphabet and the 23-letter classical Latin alphabet belong to the oldest of this group.
Contents
Encoding
Key types of differences
Properties
Letter inventory
Grapheme order
Multigraphs
Diacritics
New letter forms
Grapheme–sound correspondence
Names of letters
External links
Encoding
The 26-letter ISO basic Latin alphabet (adopted the earlier ASCII) contains the 26 letters of the English alphabet. To handle the many
other alphabets also derived from the classical Latin one, ISO and other telecommunications groups "extended" the ISO basic Latin
multiple times in the late 20th century. More recent international standards (e.g. Unicode) include those that achieved ISO adoption.
Key types of differences

Apart from alphabets for modern spoken languages, there exist phonetic alphabets and spelling alphabets in use derived from Latin
script letters. Historical languages may also have used (or are now studied using) alphabets that are derived but still distinct from
those of classical Latin and their modern forms (if any).
The Latin script was typically slightly altered to function as an alphabet for each different language (or other use), although the main
letters are largely the same. A few general classes of alteration cover many particular cases:
diacritics could be added to existing letters;

two letters could be fused together into ligatures;
additional letters could be inserted; or
pairs or triplets of letters could be treated as units (digraphs and trigraphs).
These often were given a place in the alphabet by defining an alphabetical order or collation sequence, which can vary between
languages. Some of the results, especially from just adding diacritics, were not considered distinct letters for this purpose. For
example, the French é and the German ö are not listed separately in their respective alphabet sequences. Digraphs in some languages
may be separately included in the collation sequence (e.g. Hungarian CS, Welsh RH). New letters must be unless collation is not
practised.
Properties
Letter inventory
Coverage of the letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet can be
complete
partial
and additional letters can be
absent
present, either as
letters with diacritics (e.g. (Å å) in the Danish alphabet)
new letter forms (e.g. (Ə ə) in Azerbaijani alphabet)
Grapheme order
Most alphabets have the letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet in the same order as that alphabet.
Multigraphs
Some alphabets regard digraphs as distinct letters, e.g. the old Spanish alphabet had CH and LL sorted apart from C and L. Some
Spanish dictionaries still list "ll" separately.
Diacritics
Some alphabets sort letters that have diacritics at the end of the alphabet. Examples are the Scandinavian Danish, Swedish,
Norwegian, and Finnish alphabets.
New letter forms
Icelandic sorts some additional letters at the end, as well as one letter with diacritic, while others with diacritics are sorted behind the
corresponding non-diacritic letter.
Grapheme–sound correspondence
The phonetic values of graphemes can differ between alphabets.
Pronunciation of written ⟨c⟩ in

European languages
Pronunciation of written ⟨j⟩ in
European languages
Sound values of letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet in IPA and various Latin-script languages
Lowercase
Latin a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
alphabet
IPA a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
Classical
u,
Latin a b k d e f g h i, j – k l m n o p k r s t – – ks y z
w
alphabet
juː,
eɪ,
English iː, g, aɪ, oʊ, s, ʌ, ks, aɪ,
æ, b k, s d f h d͡ʒ k l m n p kʷ ɹ t v w z
alphabet ɛ d͡ʒ ɪ ɒ z ʊ, z ɪ, j
ɑː
uː
French ə, g, ɔ, w,
a b k, s d f – i ʒ k l m n p k ʁ s t y v ks i, j z
alphabet ɛ ʒ o v
ks,
Spanish k, g, w,
a b d e f – i x k l m n o p k r s t u b s, i, j θ~s
alphabet θ~s x b
x
Indonesian
language
e,
using a b tʃ d f g h i dʒ k l m n o p q~k r s t u v w ks j z
ə
Malay
alphabet
Names of letters
Letter Name
A a ay
B b bee
C c see
D d dee
E e ee
F f ef
G g gee
H h aitch
I i eye
J j jay
K k kay
L l el
M m em
N n en
O o o
P p pee
Q q cue
R r ar
S s es
T t tee
U u yoo
V v vee
W w double u
X x eks
Y y wye
Z z zed/zee
External links
Appendix:Latin script/alphabets at Wiktionary (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_script/alphabets)
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This page was last edited on 23 January 2020, at 00:11 (UTC).
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Latin-script alphabet

Key types of differences

diacritics could be added to existing letters;

Coverage of the letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet can be

and additional letters can be

New letter forms

The phonetic values of graphemes can differ between alphabets.

Pronunciation of written ⟨c⟩ in

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latin-script_alphabet&oldid=937106078"

This page was last edited on 23 January 2020, at 00:11 (UTC).

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