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    Allography: From Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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    Alexandra Maria Neagu
    Allography refers to variants of letters, sounds, or other graphemes that are considered to represent the same underlying element. For example, uppercase and lowercase letters are allographic variants of the same letter. Letters and sounds can also have allographic variants within a single case or position, like the different forms of the letter "g". Understanding allography is important for reading, writing, and recognizing variations in handwriting. The concept also applies to Chinese characters, English spelling, and orthography in different languages.

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    Allography: From Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

    Uploaded by

    Alexandra Maria Neagu
    27 views4 pages
    Allography refers to variants of letters, sounds, or other graphemes that are considered to represent the same underlying element. For example, uppercase and lowercase letters are allographic variants of the same letter. Letters and sounds can also have allographic variants within a single case or position, like the different forms of the letter "g". Understanding allography is important for reading, writing, and recognizing variations in handwriting. The concept also applies to Chinese characters, English spelling, and orthography in different languages.

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    All Ography

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    Allography refers to variants of letters, sounds, or other graphemes that are considered to represent the same underlying element. For example, uppercase and lowercase letters are allographic variants of the same letter. Letters and sounds can also have allographic variants within a single case or position, like the different forms of the letter "g". Understanding allography is important for reading, writing, and recognizing variations in handwriting. The concept also applies to Chinese characters, English spelling, and orthography in different languages.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views4 pages

    Allography: From Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

    Uploaded by

    Alexandra Maria Neagu
    Allography refers to variants of letters, sounds, or other graphemes that are considered to represent the same underlying element. For example, uppercase and lowercase letters are allographic variants of the same letter. Letters and sounds can also have allographic variants within a single case or position, like the different forms of the letter "g". Understanding allography is important for reading, writing, and recognizing variations in handwriting. The concept also applies to Chinese characters, English spelling, and orthography in different languages.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    Allography

    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    Allography, from the Greek for "other writing", has several meanings which all relate to how
    words and sounds are written down.

    Contents [hide]

    A C O R Ex
    1 u2 S2 h3 rt 4 S5 e 6 ter
    t c . i h e f na
    h r 1 n o e e l
    o i e gr a r lin
    r p s a l e ks
    s t e p s n
    h c h o c
    i h y e
    p a s
    r
    a
    c
    t
    e
    r
    s

    Authorship[edit]
    An allograph may be the opposite of an autograph i.e. a person's words or name (signature)
    [1]
    written by someone else.

    Script[edit]
    Historical allographs of Latin letters
    a
    U+0061 U+0251
    small "A" small Latin alpha
    rendered with never has
    a top hook a top hook
    in most fonts

    g
    U+0067
    U+0261
    small "G"
    small script "G"
    rendered with
    never has
    a looptail
    a looptail
    in some fonts

    s
    U+0073 U+017F
    small "S" small long "S"
    In graphemics, the term allograph denotes any glyphs that are considered variants of a letter or
    other grapheme, like a number or punctuation. An obvious example in English (and many other
    writing systems) is the distinction between uppercase and lowercase letters. Allographs can vary
    vastly, without affecting the underlying identity of the grapheme. Even if the word "cat" is
    rendered as "cAt", it remains recognizable as the sequence of the three graphemes c, a, t.
    [2]
    Thus, if a group of individual glyphs (shapes that may or may not represent the same letter)
    are allographs (they do represent the same letter), they all represent a single grapheme (a single
    instance of the smallest unit of writing).

    Letters and other graphemes can also have huge variations that may be missed by many
    readers. The letter g, for example, has two common forms (glyphs) in different typefaces, and an
    enormous variety in people's handwriting. A positional example of allography is the so-called
    long s, a symbol which was once a widely used non-final allograph of the lowercase letter s. A
    grapheme variant can acquire a separate meaning in a specialized writing system. Several such
    variants have distinct code points in Unicode and so ceased to be allographs for some
    applications.

    The fact that handwritten allographs differ so widely from person to person, and even from day to
    day with the same person, means that handwriting recognition software is enormously
    complicated.

    Chinese characters[edit]
    Main article: Variant Chinese character
    In the Chinese script, there exist several graphemes that have more than one written
    representation. Chinese typefaces often contain many variants of some graphemes. Different
    regional standards have adopted certain character variants. For instance:

    Standard Allograph
    Taiwan
    China

    Japan

    Orthography[edit]
    An allograph may also be a smaller fragment of writing, that is a letter or a group of letters, which
    represents a particular sound. In the words cat and king, the letters c and k are both allographs
    of the same sound. This relationship between a letter and a sound is not necessarily fixed, for
    example in a different word, such as city, c is instead an allograph of an s sound.

    Some words use groups of letters to represent a sound. In kick both k and ck are allographs of
    the sound that the c in cat represents. These associations are learned as part of learning to read
    and write a language.

    English orthographic allographs for /k/

    cat, mecca,
    Pinocchio,
    Complicated allographs may surprise or baffle
    chemistry,
    language learners, just as those in place names can
    back,
    continue to confuse people who are unfamiliar with a
    lacquer,
    particular location, even when they are native
    biscuit,
    speakers of the language. One notorious allograph
    sgraffito,
    in the English language is ough, which may easily
    key, khan,
    represent more than 10 different sounds, depending
    dekko, walk,
    on the word in which it is used.
    Qatar,
    bouquet
    Allographs have found use in humor and puns; a famous example of allographic humour is that
    of spelling fish ghoti.

    The only reason that we accept all these varieties as representing the same sound or grapheme
    is that we have been taught to make these associations when learning to read the English
    language. That is to say, their meaning and correspondence is assigned arbitrarily, by
    conventions adopted and observed by a particular language community. Many of these
    associations have to be unlearned if we study a second language whose writing system is based
    upon, or contains many elements similar to or shared by, our own alphabet or writing system.
    Very often, the letters one might be comfortable and familiar with are allographs of quite different
    sounds in the second language. For example, in written Spanish the grapheme <v> will often
    represent the phoneme /b/, whereas in English this does not occur.

    See also[edit]
    Glyph
    Phonics
    References[edit]
    1. Jump up
    ^ Jeremy Hawthorn (2000), A Glossary of Contemporary Literary Theory,
    Oxford University Press, ISBN0-340-76195-4
    2. Jump up
    ^ The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, second edition, Cambridge
    University Press, 1997, p. 196
    External links[edit]
    Blog entry on the associations the shapes of letters may hold
    Forgotten Phonics rules from the early 1800s. Organized in printable sections to use as
    "cheat sheets" when figuring out how to pronounce words. Includes individual letter rules,
    diphthongs, triphthongs, silent letter rules and substitute letter rules.
    Allography.com Launched in December 2010, allography.com is an experimental cross-
    format storytelling website.

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