JET Manual 13: Coiled Tubing Pressure Control Equipment

JET Manual 13
Coiled Tubing Pressure

Control Equipment
Version 1.0
JET Manuel 13 Coiled Tubing Pressure Control Equipment
InTouch Content ID# 4221744
Version: 1.0
Release Date: February 23, 2007
Owner: Well Services Training & Development, IPC
Schlumberger private
Document Control
Revision History
Rev Effective Date Description Prepared by
Copyright © 2007 Schlumberger, Unpublished work. All rights reserved.

This work contains the confidential and proprietary trade secrets of Schlumberger and may not
be copied or stored in an information retrieval system, transferred, used, distributed, translated or
retransmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, in whole or in part, without
the express written permission of the copyright owner.
Trademarks & service marks

“Schlumberger,” the Schlumberger logotype, and other words or symbols used to identify the
products and services described herein are either trademarks, trade names, or service marks of
Schlumberger and its licensors, or are the property of their respective owners. These marks may
not be copied, imitated or used, in whole or in part, without the express prior written permission
of Schlumberger. In addition, covers, page headers, custom graphics, icons, and other design
elements may be service marks, trademarks, and/or trade dress of Schlumberger, and may not
be copied, imitated, or used, in whole or in part, without the express prior written permission of
Schlumberger.
An asterisk (*) is used throughout this document to designate a mark of Schlumberger.
Other company, product, and service names are the properties of their respective owners.
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction 7
1.1 Learning objectives 7
2.0 CT Pressure Control Equipment 9
2.1 Operating categories 10
3.0 Stripper 11
3.1 Description 11
3.2 Specifications 11
3.3 Stripper types 12
3.3.1 Conventional stripper 12
3.3.2 Side door stripper 13
3.3.3 Sidewinder stripper 14
3.3.4 Radial stripper 14
3.3.5 Over/under stripper 14
3.3.6 Antibuckling guide 15
3.4 Stripper components 16
3.4.1 Brass bushings 16
3.4.2 Stripper element 17
3.4.3 Energizer 18
3.4.4 Nonextrusion rings 19
3.5 Stripper hydraulic system 20
3.5.1 Stripper drive system 20
3.5.2 Stripper quick pack or retract 22
3.6 Redressing side door stripper 22
4.0 BOP 27
4.1 Description 27
4.2 Specifications 28
4.3 BOP types 29
4.3.1 Quad BOP 29
4.3.2 Combi BOP 29
4.3.3 Shear-seal BOP 30
4.3.4 Annular BOP (ABOP) 30
4.3.5 CIRP BOP 31
4.4 BOP components 31
JET 13 – Coiled Tubing Pressure Control Equipment | iii

4.4.1 BOP body 31
4.4.2 BOP rams 32
4.4.3 Ram bonnet and actuator 35
4.4.4 Equalizing valves 36
4.4.5 Side port 37
4.4.6 Pressure port and debooster 37
4.5 BOP hydraulic system 38
4.5.1 BOP hydraulics 38
4.5.2 BOP drive system 39
4.6 Redressing the BOP 41
4.6.1 Quad BOP 41
4.6.2 Combi BOP 44
5.0 Auxiliary Pressure Control Equipment 47
5.1 Quick latch union 47
5.1.1 Operation 48
5.2 Side door deployment tool 48
5.3 Load-bearing quick connect 48
5.3.1 Operation 49
5.4 Quick test safety sub (QTSS) 49
5.4.1 Specification 50
5.4.2 Operation of QTSS 50
6.0 Risers and Lubricators 53
6.1 Specification 53
7.0 Crossovers and Connections 55
7.1 Crossovers 55
7.2 Flanged connections 56
7.2.1 Flange types and ring gaskets 56
7.2.3 Postjob maintenance 58
7.3 Pin-and-collar unions 59
7.3.1 Types of pin-and-collar union 59
7.3.2 Making up pin-and-collar unions 60
7.4 Threaded connections 61
7.4.1 Types of threaded connection 61
7.4.2 Making up threaded connections 61
8.0 Pressure Testing 63
8.1 Low-pressure test 63
iv | Table of Contents

8.2 PT-1 and PT-2 pressure tests 63
8.2.1 Pressure test 1 (PT-1) 63
8.2.2 Pressure test 2 (PT-2) 64
9.0 Glossary 65
10.0 References 67
11.0 Check Your Understanding 69
JET 13 – Coiled Tubing Pressure Control Equipment |

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vi | Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction
Schlumberger Well Services (WS) carries out • List the main types of BOP and stripper
many types of coiled tubing (CT) operations in and explain the differences between the
live oil and gas wells. One of the most important types.
safety considerations in CT operations is the
• Define and list the main components of
ability to carry out the work safely and with
BOPs and strippers.
complete control over the live well pressure.
Well Services uses a variety of pressure control • Describe the hydraulic circuit of the BOPs
equipment on the surface to control the live well and stripper.
pressure. • Explain the function of auxiliary pressure
control equipment.
This job execution training (JET) manual
introduces you to the different types of • Identify different types of quick unions,
strippers, blowout preventers (BOPs), and flanges and gaskets.
auxiliary pressure control equipment used by
Schlumberger in carrying out CT operations.
The manual describes the functions and
Warning:
components of the main pieces of equipment. All pressurized equipment has
the potential to cause damage to
property, and/or injury or death
Note: to personnel. The greater the
Maintenance and assembly pressure in the system is, the
procedures are not covered in greater the danger is. To minimize
this manual. These procedures dangerous situations, follow all
are covered by the equipment the Well Services-approved safety
manufacturer manuals. Refer to the procedures.
Coiled Tubing Surface Equipment
Maintenance Program, InTouch
Content ID# 4196880, for more Proper supervision is required during
information. hands-on training. Request assistance
from your supervisor if you are unfamiliar or
uncomfortable with the operation.
When working on any equipment, follow the

1.1 Learning objectives procedures in Well Services (WS) Safety
Upon completion of this training, you should be Standard 4: Facilities and Workshops, InTouch
able to do all of the following: Content ID# 3313678.
• List the items of CT pressure control When conducting any pressure testing, follow
equipment. the procedures in Safety Standard 5: Location
Safety, InTouch Content ID# 3313681.
• Explain the functions of each item of
pressure control equipment.
JET 13 - Coiled Tubing Pressure Control Equipment |

| Introduction

2.0 CT Pressure Control Equipment
The configuration of pressure control equipment

on any CT location will be similar whether the
operation is on land or offshore.
To perform a CT operation, the following

pressure control equipment is required:
• stripper: to provide an annular seal around

the CT string Stripper
(Primary
• BOP: to provide contingency and barrier)
emergency functions BOP
(Secondary barrier)
• wellhead adapters: to connect the pressure
control equipment to the wellhead. Shear-seal BOP
(Tertiary barrier)
Further auxiliary pressure control equipment
may be required, for example:
Wellhead
• additional BOPs and strippers, depending
on potential wellhead pressure Figure 2-1. CT Pressure Control Stack
• lubricator/riser: to give space for tool

deployment
• hydraulic quick latch: to allow quick and
safe stabbing of injector onto stack
• flow tee or flow cross and associated
valves: to allow well flowback.
The pressure control equipment rigged up
on a CT operation is often referred to as the
pressure control stack. The configuration of
a pressure control stack requires advance
planning for every job. Depending on the
type of treatment being performed and the
well characteristics, different pressure control
equipment may be required. Figure 2-1 provides
a general view of a typical location rig-up and
the locations of these functions.
JET 13 - Coiled Tubing Pressure Control Equipment |

2.1 Operating categories • Category 3 wells. These are the highest
pressure wells. The minimum pressure
In the WS Safety Standard 22 (InTouch Content control equipment required is
ID# 3313710), CT operations are categorized
by the maximum potential wellhead pressure ○ two strippers, 15,000-psi working
(MPWHP) of the well. pressure each
○ two BOPs, 15,000-psi working pressure
The MPWHP is the highest wellhead pressure each.
(WHP) possible given the reservoir pressure.
These are the minimum requirements,
The following defines the categories based on and additional equipment may be required
their MPWHP. depending on other factors, such as the
flowback configuration. For more detailed
• Category 1: 0 to 3,500 psi WHP information on the equipment requirements
for each operating category, read WS Safety
• Category 2: 3,500 to 7,000 psi WHP Standard 22.
• Category 3: 7,000 to 13,500 psi WHP.
Note:
It is important to remember that
even if a well has no WHP (a dead
well), it may still have a potential
WHP that makes it a Category 2
or 3.
The standard describes the minimum

equipment configuration for each category.
• Category 1 wells. These are the lowest

pressure wells. The minimum pressure
control equipment required is
○ one stripper (see Section 3.0), 5,000 psi
working pressure
○ one BOP (see Section 4.0), 5,000 psi
working pressure.
• Category 2 wells. The minimum pressure
control equipment required is
○ one stripper, 10,000-psi working
pressure
○ one BOP, 10,000-psi working pressure
10 | CT Pressure Control Equipment

3.0 Stripper
This section explains the function and operating

principle of the CT stripper. It identifies and
explains the main components of a stripper and
lists the different models of stripper.
3.1 Description
The stripper is the primary well control barrier
on CT operations. It is sometimes referred to as
the stuffing box.
The stripper provides the annular seal, which

is the seal between the CT string and the
wellbore. It contains the WHP by compressing
an elastomer seal, or stripper element, around
the CT string. This seal allows full pressure
control while the CT string is moving into or
out of the well. It is the stripper’s function that
allows CT operations to be carried out in live oil
and gas wells.
The stripper is normally pinned directly to the

bottom of the CT injector head (see Fig. 3-1).
For CT operations in high-pressure wells, a Figure 3-1. Stripper Pinned to Bottom of Injector Head
second stripper (often called a tandem stripper) 3.2 Specifications
is required. The tandem stripper is made
up below the upper stripper with a flanged Strippers are available in different sizes and are
connection or quick union. classified by the internal diameter of the stripper
body.
The stripper is run on a hydraulic system, which
is controlled from inside the control cabin of the The stripper must be dressed to accept
CT unit (CTU). different sizes of CT string. A list of the most
common sizes of stripper and the sizes of CT
The number and type of strippers required that can be used with each can be found in
on a CT operation are defined in WS Safety Table 3-1.
Standard 22, CT Operations.
Table 3-1. Common Sizes of Stripper and CT
Stripper nominal size 3.06 in 4.06 in
Size of CT union seals ≤ 2 in ≤ 2 7/8 in
JET 13 - Coiled Tubing Pressure Control Equipment | 11

Strippers are hydraulically actuated using
an air-over-hydraulic pump, controlled from Retainer and clip
pins
the CTU cabin. Two manual backup systems
are provided in the cabin in case of a loss of Slip cap and upper
hydraulic pressure. bushing
Nonextrusion ring
The hydraulic system of the stripper is
Packing
described in more detail in Section 3.5. inserts
Energizer
3.3 Stripper types
Interchangeable
Different categories of strippers are used in
different operating conditions: Lower bushing
• conventional
Conventional
• side door assembly
• sidewinder
• radial
Interlocking stripper inserts
• over/under.
Figure 3-2. Conventional Stripper
3.3.1 Conventional stripper
The conventional or top-loader stripper design Note:
(see Fig. 3-2) is based on the original stripper The stripper elements,
design, where the bushings and stripper insert nonextrusion rings, and the upper
are loaded from the top of the stripper body. bushing are all split in half. This
This design makes changing stripper inserts arrangement ensures that the
quite difficult when the stripper is pinned to the elements can be replaced during a
injector. job, with the CT in the well.
The length of the bushing section is relatively

short compared with later designs.
The stripper is nonpressure balanced, meaning
that the WHP affects its function. The WHP
pushes upward on the packing and helps
the stripper to seal. This factor reduces the
hydraulic pressure required to pack the stripper.
12 | Stripper 12
3.3.2 Side door stripper rings by hydraulically retracting the pack-off
piston and exposing an open window on the
Side door strippers (Fig. 3-3) are preferred side of the stripper. This feature is particularly
over conventional strippers because of design advantageous when changing the stripper
features that give improved safety and ease of element with tubing in the well.
use. They are the most common model of CT
stripper used by Schlumberger. This model of stripper has a longer section of
brass bushings than the conventional stripper.
This section gives improved centralization of
the CT string to reduce stripper insert wear.
Side door strippers are available in pressure-

balanced designs, which isolates the hydraulic
chamber from the WHP. This pressure
balancing means that the WHP has no effect
on the piston pressure on the stripper insert.
This lack of effect on the piston pressure
eliminates any effects caused by fluctuations in
well pressure.
Side door strippers are also available in

nonpressure-balanced designs.
Figure 3-3. Side Door Stripper
The side door stripper was introduced to enable

easier and safer replacement of stripper inserts
while the equipment is rigged up. As the name
suggests, this model of stripper has a side
door that allows direct access to the internal
components of the stripper. This door means
that the stripper can be serviced easily during a
job, even with the CT string in the well.
The side door design permits replacement

of the element, energizer, and nonextrusion

3.3.3 Sidewinder stripper
Note:
Sidewinder strippers (Fig. 3-4) are generally
The radial stripper (Fig. 3-5) has
used as tandem (lower) strippers in high-
been replaced by the sidewinder
pressure applications, although they can also
stripper.
be run as primary strippers.
Figure 3-5. Radial Stripper

Figure 3-4. Sidewinder Stripper
3.3.5 Over/under stripper
The unique feature of the sidewinder stripper is
the ability to fully retract the stripper elements An over/under stripper (Fig. 3-6) serves as two
and wear bushings from the bore of the individual strippers in one stripper body. It can
stripper. This ability allows the CT bottomhole be used as a replacement for a two-stripper
assembly (BHA) (which generally has an OD configuration, fulfilling the requirements for a
greater than the CT string OD) to be inserted primary and a tandem stripper packer in higher
through the stripper packer without breaking WHP applications. It gives a reduction in stack
any connections below the stripper. In most height of 1.2 m [4 ft] over the two-stripper
cases, this feature can represent a large time configuration.
advantage.
The sidewinder stripper has a much shorter

stack height than an equivalent side door
stripper, which can be an advantage in certain
applications where stack height is critical.
3.3.4 Radial stripper

The stripper elements are energized from the
side (radial), which enables a relatively large
insert to be used.
It does not have fully retractable inserts to allow

full bore access as does the sidewinder.
14 | Stripper 14
between the bottom of the injector head chains
and the top of the stripper (see Fig. 3-7).
Figure 3-7. Buckled CT String
To prevent this buckling, an antibuckling guide

can be placed over the top of the stripper,
between the stripper and the injector head
(Fig. 3-8). This guide acts as an extension of
the stripper bushing section by centralizing and
Figure 3-6. Over/Under Stripper restraining the CT string, thereby preventing
buckling.
The packers are activated by individual pistons
and can therefore be used independently. Both
packers are supported by bushings.
A pressure chamber between the packers can

be used to inject lubricants onto the CT as it
goes in the well or inhibitors on the CT as it is
pulled out of the well.
3.3.6 Antibuckling guide

The antibuckling guide is not a stripper, but it is
used as an extension to the stripper in certain
circumstances.
Figure 3-8. Antibuckling Guide
When running CT into wells with high WHP, the
injector head is snubbing or pushing the pipe
into the well against the upward force generated
by the WHP.
At high pressures, the compressive force on

the CT string can lead to the string buckling

3.4 Stripper components
This section explains the main components of
the stripper.
3.4.1 Brass bushings

The stripper contains brass bushings above
and below the elastomer stripper element (see
Fig. 3-9). The function of the brass bushing is
• to avoid contact friction between CT string

and the stripper body
• to minimize the extrusion (deformation) of
the stripper element.
The brass also acts as a guide for the CT string
during stabbing-in of the string into the stripper.
Brass is chosen as the material for the

bushings for the following reasons:
• to minimize the abrasion on the CT string Figure 3-9. Brass Bushings from Side Door Stripper
• to minimize the chance of generating

sparks.
Note:
Standard brass bushings have an internal It is important that you regularly
diameter of CT string OD + 0.025 in. For check the brass bushings for wear
example, the internal diameter of the brass on the internal bore, because
bushings for a 1.75-in CT string is 1.750 in + worn bushings cause the stripper
0.025 in = 1.775 in. elements to wear out very quickly.
Worn brass bushings should be replaced

immediately. You can find the maximum
permitted brass bushing ID in the Coiled
Tubing Operators Manual (InTouch Content
ID# 3013707). If the ID exceeds this limit, you
must replace the brass bushings.
16 | Stripper 16
3.4.2 Stripper element The most common materials used are listed
below, but a wider range of specialized stripper
The stripper element is a two-piece, interlocking elastomers for particular conditions can be
elastomer element (Fig. 3-10), which fits around obtained from the suppliers.
the CT string inside the stripper body. This
element is compressed by a piston to provide • Urethane is the longest wearing material,
a seal around the CT string against wellhead but can only be used at low to moderate
pressure. The piston is driven by hydraulic temperatures. It has a temperature range
pressure controlled from the control cabin. of -40 to 93 degC [-40 to 200 degF]; it
deteriorates above 93 degC [200 degF].
• Nitrile is the most common oilfield rubber
compound. It has good oil and water
resistance, and can be used at high
wellbore temperatures. Nitrile cannot be
used in the presence of H2S (hydrogen
sulphide) gas. It has a temperature range of
37 to 177 degC [100 to 350 degF].
• Viton™ has excellent resistance to most
Figure 3-10. Two-Piece Interlocking Element from Stripper oil and gas well chemicals and has a
higher temperature range than urethane
and nitrile. Resistance to abrasion wear is
Higher hydraulic pressures, resulting in greater not as good as urethane or nitrile. It has a
compression of the elastomer element, are temperature range of 5 to 204 deg C [40 to
required for higher wellbore pressures. 400 deg F].
• Ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM)
Note: has excellent resistance to steam and
The stripper inserts are the geothermal hot water fluids. It will not
sacrificial components in the tolerate oil, so it cannot be used in oil
stripper system as they become wells. It has a temperature range of 7 to
worn out regularly. They should 260 degC [20 to 500 degF].
be replaced after every CT run, For further information on the range of
but often need to be changed out stripper inserts available, the suppliers can be
during a run if they have become contacted:
worn.
• Texas Oil Tools: www.tot.com
• Benoil: www.benoil.com
3.4.2.1 Stripper element material
Stripper elements are available in a range of
different materials, with different levels of
• wear resistance
• temperature resistance
• chemical resistance.

3.4.2.2 Stripper insert life from side to side. This action will wear the
stripper inserts more quickly.
The main factors affecting the stripper insert life
are the following:
Note:
• hydraulic pressure: The stripper inserts After stabbing in the CT string
wear out quickly when used in wells with at the beginning of an operation,
high WHP. When the WHP is high, the always retract the stripper and
stripper insert needs to be compressed check the condition of the stripper
with a high level of hydraulic pressure inserts because the end of the
to maintain the seal. This high pressure string often damages the stripper
increases the friction between the CT string inserts.
and the stripper insert, which wears out the
insert more quickly. A good practice is to use old
stripper inserts while stabbing the
To avoid wearing out the insert CT string. Replace with new inserts
unnecessarily, it is important not to apply after stabbing.
unnecessary excess stripper pressure
on standard (low or medium pressure)
applications. 3.4.3 Energizer
• lubrication: Lubrication also plays an Most stripper elements are designed as a
important role in the lifespan of a stripper part of a two-part system comprising the
element. For example, stripper inserts consumable stripper element itself and an
will wear much more quickly in a dry gas outer energizer. A one-piece energizer like
well than in an oil well where the pipe will the one shown in Fig. 3-11 can be used in a
be “lubricated” by the wellbore fluid when conventional stripper.
being stripped out of the hole.
Side door strippers require two-piece
Most stripper models have an injection port energizers.
to allow injection of a lubrication fluid or
inhibitors as required. It is a good idea to
check the compatibility of any lubrication
fluid you are planning to use with the
stripper insert manufacturer. For example,
diesel will soften some types of inserts,
causing excess wear.
Also, manufacturers have developed some

self-lubricating models of stripper insert.
These inserts are made of an elastomer
compound with good lubrication properties.
• brass bushing condition: One of the
functions of the brass bushings is to
centralize the CT string in the stripper. If
the brass bushings are worn on the internal
diameter, the CT string can move slightly
18 | Stripper 18
Figure 3-12. Full-Bore Stripper Not Requiring Energizerr
3.4.4 Nonextrusion rings

Nonextrusion rings are two-segment
Teflon™ discs (see Fig. 3-13) that are placed
Figure 3-11. One-Piece Energizer immediately above and below the stripper insert
to prevent the extrusion or deformation of the
Because the CT string does not come in stripper insert. These disks are generally long
contact with the energizer, the energizer does lasting, but should be checked regularly for any
not wear as much as the inner stripper insert damage or any wear to the ID bore.
does. For this reason, they do not need to be
replaced very often. However, they should
be inspected each time the stripper insert
is changed, and replaced if any damage or
deformation is evident.
Full-bore stripper inserts also exist that do not

need any energizer (Fig. 3-12). These models
allow quicker changing of inserts when worn.
Figure 3-13. Two-Piece Nonextrusion Ring

CTU control
3.5 Stripper hydraulic system console
All strippers, regardless of their type, operate in
basically the same way, with some differences
that are beyond the scope of this manual.
Depending on the stripper design and packing
arrangement, hydraulic pressure is applied to
the top, bottom, or side bushing via a stripper
actuator piston. The piston compresses the
energizer, which in turn forces the packing
insert against the CT string.
Most actuator pistons are dual acting, which Haskell pump

Rucker
means they hydraulically pack and retract the pump
stripper. Packing causes the piston to actuate
the energizer and packing inserts. Retracting
causes the piston to deactuate the energizer
and packing inserts.
3.5.1 Stripper drive system Figure 3-14. Backup Controls in CTU Cabin
The stripper hydraulic system is pressurized by
a Haskell air-over-oil pump located in the CTU 3.5.1.1 Emergency procedures
cabin. The following emergencies can be met by these
procedures.
As a backup, if air pressure is lost, the Haskell
pump can be manually operated. An additional • loss of air supply: If the air supply is lost,
hand pump mounted on the small pump or the air-operated portion of the Haskell
console, known as a Rucker pump, can also pump fails, the pump can be operated
operate the stripper if a stripper pump fails. manually using the hand lever supplied.
Since the stripper pressure adjust control
The primary and secondary systems can apply will no longer be active, the pressure
5,000-psi hydraulic pressure, although normal will be controlled by manual effort and
operations will require much less pressure than displayed on the pressure gauge located
that. The stripper is fitted with two hydraulic on the pump console. The system is then
hoses that run back to the control cabin, one for operated as normal.
packing and one for retracting.
• failure of Haskell pump: If the Haskell pump
The stripper hydraulic system also acts as a fails to operate, either pneumatically or
backup system for the BOP and the injector manually, the manual Rucker pump can
head traction hydraulic systems. Figure 3-14 be used to supply the systems. The supply
shows the backup controls. pressure is controlled by manual effort.
20 | Stripper 20
3.5.1.2 Hydraulic pumps (normal STEP 02 Place the stripper control valve in
operation) the PACK position (see Fig. 3-16).
With the Haskell pump selected in the normal
operating mode, the hydraulic system pressure
is controlled as follows:
STEP 01: Select the stripper system to

be activated: Stripper 1 or 2 (see Fig. 3-15).
Generally, System 2 is used with a tandem
stripper when it is required. When the stripper
selection valve is placed in the Stripper #1
position, the hydraulic pressure in Stripper #2
will remain static within the system, as long as
it remains in PACK position. The No. 2 system
pressure can be bled or reduced by selecting
the neutral position.
Figure 3-16. Move Stripper Control Valve to PACK Position
STEP 03 Increase the stripper pressure.

Regulate the Stripper Pressure Adjust Con-
trol to apply the required system pressure
(Fig. 3‑17). The system pressure will be dis-
played on the system pressure gauge and on
the Stripper #1 pressure gauge. The control
should be adjusted so that the Haskel pump
stalls when the desired pressure is reached.
STEP 04 Decrease the stripper pressure.

by placing the stripper control valve in the neu-
Figure 3-15. Stripper Selection Valve in Stripper #1 Position tral position.

3.6 Redressing side door stripper
Redress a side door stripper after a CT
operation as follows.
Step 01 Back out the two lock screws and

open both doors wide (Fig. 3-18).
Figure 3-17. Regulating Stripper Pressure
3.5.1.3 Hydraulic pumps (emergency Figure 3-18. Open Door
operation)
Both stripper-system hydraulic pumps can be
Step 02 Pressure up the retract port
(Fig. 3-19) and fully retract the piston, exposing
selected to supply backup hydraulic pressure
the stripper insert. Remove the bushing clamp
to the BOP and injector head traction circuits.
on top of the stripper by removing the cap
When the pumps are being used for this
screws. The piston moves from open to closed
purpose, the stripper hydraulic system must be
(Fig. 3-20).
isolated from the pump pressure.
3.5.2 Stripper quick pack or retract

In older units, the stripper is packed and
retracted using the Haskell air-over-hydraulic
pump only.
Recent models of CTUs have an option to tie

directly into a 2,500-psi feed from the priority
supply. This feed allows the stripper to be
packed or retracted quickly, using the quick
pack or retract control valve.
Figure 3-19. Retracting Piston
22 | Stripper 22
Figure 3-20. Piston Moving from Open to Closed Figure 3-22. Removing Upper Brass Bushings
Step 03 Remove the stripper insert and

nonextrusion ring(s) (Fig. 3-21).
Figure 3-23. Inspecting Brass Bushings for Wear
Figure 3-21. Stripper Insert and Nonextrusion Rings
Step 04 Remove the upper brass bushings

and inspect them for wear (Figs. 3-22 and
3-23).

Step 05 Remove the lower brass bushings
(Fig. 3-24) and inspect them for wear.
Figure 3-26. Installing Upper Brass Bushing, View 2
Figure 3-24. Removing Lower Brass Bushings
Step 06 Reinstall the lower brash bushing.
Step 07 Install upper brass bushing into

piston (Figs. 3-25 through 3-27).
24 | Stripper 24
Step 08 Install a new stripper insert Step 09 Install the bushing clamp and
(Fig. 3-28), followed by the nonextrusion ring install both cap screws to hold it in place
(Fig. 3-29). (Fig. 3-30).
Figure 3-28. Installing New Stripper Insert Figure 3-30. Installing Bushing Clamp
Figure 3-29. Installing Nonextrusion Ring

Step 10 Pressure up on the upper pack- Step 11 Close the doors around the piston
off port and extend the piston down over the above the step ring. Make up the lock screws to
stripper insert (Fig. 3-31 and 3-32). mechanically lock (Fig. 3-32).
Figure 3-31. Piston in Open Position Figure 3-33. Making Up Lock Screws to Mechanically Lock
Figure 3-32. Piston in Closed Position
26 | Stripper 26
4.0 BOP
This section explains the function and operating

principle of the BOPs used in CT operations. It
identifies and explains the main components of
a BOP and lists the different models of BOPs. Blind rams
4.1 Description Shear rams
The BOP is a secondary well control barrier

Slip rams
in the pressure control equipment stack-up.
Besides isolating wellbore pressure during an
emergency situation, it also provides a means Pipe rams
of cutting or holding the CT string if required.

Movement of the CT string must be stopped
when using any of the BOP functions. Figure 4-1. Quad BOP
A variety of BOPs are also used as tertiary
There are various configurations of BOP; the
pressure barriers, generally providing additional
most common ram functions are
shearing and sealing capabilities for added
safety during offshore operations. These BOPs
• blind function: isolate wellbore pressure by
include combi BOPs and single ram shear/seal
sealing the full bore
BOPs. Schematics of various types of BOPs
• shear function: shear (cut) CT string are shown in Fig. 4-2.
• slip function: grip CT string and support
weight
• pipe function: isolate wellbore pressure by
sealing around annulus of CT string.
A quad BOP contains these four functions in
one (see Fig. 4-1).

Table 4-1. BOP Specifications
Blind rams BOP Nominal Size 3.06 in 4.06 in
Shear rams Size of CT 2 in 2 7/8 in

Quad BOP
Slip rams Common working 10,000 psi 10,000 psi
pressure ratings 15,000 psi 15,000 psi
Pipe rams
As the tendency towards larger OD pipe has

developed over the years, the 3.06-in and
Blind/ 4.06- in sizes have become the most common
Combi BOP
Shear ram used by Schlumberger. Some larger sizes
(6 5/8 in and 7 1/16 in) are in use in some
locations for special applications, but these are
not standard models.
Pipe/ slip The most common types of CT BOPs have

ram a working pressure of 10,000 psi. For CT
operations on very high-pressure wells
(Category III), BOPs with a working pressure of
15,000 psi are required.
Blind/
Shear/seal shear ram
BOP BOPs are hydraulically actuated and are run
on a dedicated 3,000-psi BOP hydraulic circuit
and accumulator from the CT cabin. The
accumulator provides a reserve of hydraulic
energy to enable the BOP to be operated (for a
limited number of functions) following an engine
Figure 4-2. Most Common Types of BOP for CT Operations shutdown or circuit failure. The backup systems
in the CTU cabin consist of an air-driven pump
In general, the lower BOP should be made and a manual, hand-operated pump.
up directly on the wellhead (using a wellhead
adapter is required). If access is restricted at Schlumberger only operates H2S-resistant
the wellhead, one short riser length may be models of BOPs.
needed between the wellhead and BOP.
4.2 Specifications
BOPs are available in various sizes and are
classified by the internal diameter of the bore.
Each size can be dressed to accept a specific
size of CT string. The specifications of the
most common sizes of BOP can be seen in
Table 4- 1.
28 | BOP
4.3 BOP types A quad BOP is equipped with four sets of rams
(from top to bottom):
The following describe the various types of
BOP used in CT applications. • blind rams
• shear rams
4.3.1 Quad BOP • slip rams
The Texas Oil Tools (TOT) 10,000-psi
• pipe rams.
working pressure, H2S-resistant quad BOP
(Fig. 4‑3) is the BOP most commonly used by This model incorporates two equalizing valves;
Schlumberger CT services. one each to equalize pressure across the blind
rams and pipe rams. These valves are used
to equalize the pressure across the ram in a
Upper flange/
connection adapter controlled manner before it is opened, to protect
the ram seal from damage.
Pressure port
4.3.2 Combi BOP

Blind rams
A combi BOP has all the functions of a
Shear rams quad BOP, but in a shorter configuration
(see Fig. 4‑4). It is equipped with two sets of
Slip rams dual‑function rams (from top to bottom):
Pipe rams
• blind-shear rams: cut CT and seal fullbore
in one function
Kill port
• slip-pipe rams: grip CT and seal annulus
Lower flange/
pressure in one function.
Equalizing valve
connection adapter
Equalizing
valve
Kill port
Equalizing
valve
Figure 4-4. Combi BOP
The main advantage of the combi BOP over

the quad BOP is that it provides the same four
Figure 4-3. Quad BOP
functions in a shorter body. This reduction in

length is often important when rigging up with
height restrictions.
The disadvantage of a combi BOP is that it Seal element

provides less flexibility in its function. The four
functions cannot be operated independently as
they can in a quad BOP.
Retract
4.3.3 Shear-seal BOP
Shear-seal BOPs (Fig. 4-5) are single ram
BOPs used as tertiary barriers. The shear-seal Pack off
BOP is equivalent to the upper ram of a combi
BOP, but these single rams are stronger and
are offered in larger bore sizes.
Figure 4-6. ABOP

ABOPs seal on almost any shape or size of
cylinder—drill pipe, tool joints, drill collars,
casing, or wireline.
Figure 4-5. Shear-Seal BOP
They are typically mounted on the top of the

wellhead if the quad or combi BOP cannot be
installed directly on the wellhead. Shear-seal
BOPs are primarily used in offshore operations.
4.3.4 Annular BOP (ABOP)

Annular BOPs (ABOPs) are connected on
the top of the wellhead and serve as tertiary
barriers (Fig. 4-6). They are similar in design
and function to the Hydril™ annular presenter
found in drilling rig pressure control stacks.
30 | BOP
4.3.5 CIRP BOP More information on the CIRP system can be
found in JET Manuals 16 (InTouch Content
The CIRP* completion insertion and retrieval ID# 4221749) and 32 (InTouch Content ID#
under pressure system is a Schlumberger- 4221770).
developed system for deploying (making up)
or retrieving long perforating gun strings under
wellhead pressure. This system is often used in 4.4 BOP components
CT perforating operations.
The following are the main components of the
The CIRP system uses a special CIRP BOP assembly.
deployment stack, commonly known as a CIRP
BOP. This stack is not truly a BOP because it
4.4.1 BOP body
does not contain any pressure-sealing rams.
It is actually a set of special function rams in a The BOP body is manufactured from one solid
BOP body, which are designed for making up block, to avoid the weaknesses associated
and breaking special CIRP connectors in long with joints, connections, and welds. Flanged
gun strings (Fig. 4-7). connections are used on top and bottom, and
for the side port.
Gun
Rack Guide ram

actuator Rack actuator
No go ram actuator
Lock actuator
Lock
CIRP connector
Gun
Figure 4-7. CIRP Deployment Stack for Deploying Gun Strings

Most CT BOP models have an internal Hydraulic connectors
hydraulic system. All hydraulic fluid passages
are machined into the BOP body and ram Front
bonnets. This feature reduces the need for

external piping, which in turn minimizes the
risk of damage to the hydraulic system during
handling of the BOP. Left hand Right hand
Back
4.4.2 BOP rams Side port
The components for each BOP ram are
assembled onto a stainless steel ram body. The Figure 4-9. Convention to Distinguish RH from LH Parts
design of the ram body is specific for the ram
function for which it will be used.
4.4.2.1 Blind rams
This design allows the same ram body to be
The BOP blind rams are used to seal the entire
used over a range of CT sizes by changing the
wellbore, using front and rear seals (Fig. 4-10).
relevant ram inserts. The ram body is attached
They are used to contain wellhead pressure.
to the actuator rod by an off-centered slide
The rams only hold pressure from below.
arrangement (see Fig. 4-8) that ensures that
the ram and actuator are correctly assembled
when fixed to the BOP body. Rear seal
Front seal
reinforcing
Front seal
Blind-ram body
Actuator rod
Retainer bar
Ram Body
Figure 4-10. Blind Ram with Front and Rear Seals
When the blind rams are closed, the

Figure 4-8. Ram Body Slides onto Actuator Rod
configuration of the seals on the ram body is
designed to use the differential pressure from
When redressing a BOP, it is important to
below to create additional force to keep the
understand the standard definition of right hand
rams closed (see Fig. 4-11). This feature helps
(RH) and left hand (LH) used to distinguish
prevent the blind rams from being opened if
between parts. For example, the RH and LH
there is pressure differential across them.
shear rams blades are different.
The convention for RH and LH is shown in

Fig. 4-9. The side port (or kill port) is always
located on the back of the BOP.
32 | BOP
Low pressure above 4.4.2.2 Shear rams
the ram set
The BOP shear rams (Fig. 4-12) are designed
to cleanly cut the CT string and any internal
electrical cable if present.
Pressure Pressure
differential differential
acting to acting to
maintain maintain
closure closure
High pressure BOP body

below the ram set
Figure 4-11. Differential Pressure to Keep Blind Ram Closed
Figure 4-12. Set of Shear Rams

Caution:
Never attempt to open the blind
rams when there is high pressure
Note:
below the rams and low pressure Shearing is used only in emergency
above. The sealing face on the situations.
blind rams would be severely
damaged if it were opened with
a pressure differential across the
The blades minimize pipe deformation during
rams. An equalizing valve is fitted
cutting to leave a good profile for later pipe
to the blind rams that allows the
retrieval.
pressure to be equalized across the
rams before opening them.
Note:
The shear rams do not seal
After closing the rams hydraulically, the blind the wellbore. If the wellbore
rams can be manually locked using the pressure needs to be sealed in an
handwheel at the end of the actuator. They emergency situation, the CT string
must be manually unlocked before opening must be pulled up before shutting
hydraulically. the blind rams.
To prevent accidental activation, the controls for
the blind rams in the CTU cabin have double
lockout protection: a cover must be opened and
a pin must be removed before the control can Note:
be activated. Take care when assembling shear
rams because the left and right ram
The same blind rams are used in a BOP no bodies are different.
matter what size CT string is being used.
Because the rams are fullbore, they can only be
activated when no CT is across the rams.

Booster cylinder assemblies have been added 4.4.2.4 Pipe rams
to the shear rams on 2.50-in and 3.06-in CT
BOPs (Texas Oil Tools EC and EH models) The BOP pipe rams are shaped to close around
to give increased shearing force. The original and seal the annulus between the CT string
design of these BOPs was developed in the and the wellbore (see Fig. 4-14). They are used
early 1980s when smaller and thinner-walled to contain wellhead pressure when the CT
CT strings were being used. string is in the hole.
The newer EK model of BOP has been

designed with large shear actuators and heavy-
duty shear blades to be able to cut high CT wall
thicknesses.
Like the blind rams, the controls for the shear

rams have double lockout protection to prevent
accidental activation.
4.4.2.3 Slip rams

Slip rams (Fig. 4-13) are designed to grip the
CT string and hold it against downward (weight)
and upward (snubbing) forces.
Figure 4-14. Pipe Ram Seals Around CT String
Similar to the blind rams’ function, the pipe

rams only hold pressure from below. They are
also designed so that pressure from below
helps keep the rams closed. This design helps
prevent the blind rams from being opened while
there is pressure differential across them.
As with the blind rams, you should never

attempt to open the pipe rams if there is a
pressure differential across the rams. The pipe
Figure 4-13. Slip Ram rams are fitted with an equalizing valve to allow
the pressure to be balanced above and below
The slip rams can create minor surface damage the ram before opening.
on the CT string. Since marks and damage
on the CT string surface can result in a string An example of when the pipe rams are used is
failure, it is important that the slip rams are when the stripper element needs to be changed
used only when needed and that the slip area during a CT run. When the CT string movement
is designed to cause minimal damage to the has been stopped, the pipe rams can be closed
string. to seal around the pipe. The pressure above
the pipe rams can be bled off to allow safe
access to change the stripper inserts.
34 | BOP
Well pressure seals and hydraulic system
Note: seals are separated by a vent and weep hole
The CT string movement must be (Fig. 4‑16) to prevent accidental pressuring of
stopped before closing the pipe the hydraulic system by well pressure.
rams.
The ram position (open/closed) is indicated
by the ram indicator rod, which is attached
These rams can be manually locked after being to the actuator piston. Ram function tests
closed hydraulically. They must be manually are carried out before every CT operation to
unlocked before opening hydraulically. ensure that the rams are opening and closing
in accordance with the controls inside the
CTU cabin. One operator will always verify
4.4.3 Ram bonnet and actuator the movement of the ram by watching the ram
The ram body and actuator form a complete indicator rods.
assembly that must be removed to inspect
or replace the ram bodies. Each assembly is
secured to the BOP body by four studs and
capped nuts. The main features of a ram
bonnet and actuator assembly are identified in
Fig. 4-15.
Closing tube
Indicator pin
Hydraulic cap
Cylinder
Bonnet Bolt
Manual lock wheel
Bonnet
Figure 4-15. Main Features of Actuator

Note:
The manual locking mechanism
must be fully retracted before
hydraulically opening the ram.
Caution:
Severe damage will result to
the internal components of the
actuator if an attempt is made to
Figure 4-16. Checking Weep Hole for Leaks hydraulically open the actuators
while the manual locks are closed.
4.4.3.1 Manual operation
The handwheel at the end of each actuator can To avoid accidental opening of the ram while
be used manually locked, it is important to lock out the
BOP controls in the CTU cabin. This action is
• to close the ram in case of a failure of the particularly important when crews are working
hydraulic system in shifts.
• to lock the ram if it has been hydraulically
closed.
4.4.4 Equalizing valves
On a Texas Oil Tools quad BOP, it takes
When the blind or pipe rams are used to hold
approximately 19 or 20 turns of the handwheel
pressure from below, it is important to equalize
to fully close a ram.
(balance) the pressure above and below the
rams before reopening them. This equalization
is done with the aid of an equalizing valve.
Note:
It is important to count the number Opening the equalizing valve exposes a small
of turns of the handwheel when orifice in the BOP body that opens a pathway
closing a ram, to ensure that it is between the bore of the BOP above and below
fully closed. the closed rams. This pathway allows the
pressure to slowly build up above the closed
blind or pipe ram. When the pressures above
The same procedure is used to lock a ram that and below the rams are equal, the valve can
has been hydraulically closed. A ram should be closed again and the rams can be opened
be locked if it is planned to be closed and left safely.
unattended for a prolonged period of time.
Figure 4-17 identifies the features of an
The handwheel cannot be used to open a ram; equalizing valve assembly.
a ram can only be opened hydraulically.
36 | BOP
Blind ram or pipe refers to the ability to pump through this port to
Valve outlet
ram isolating the
above the kill a well.
BOP bore
ramset
Equalizing
BX 152
valve allen Weco 1502
Ring Gasket
key socket union
Valve inlet below

the ram set
Figure 4-17. Equalizing Valve Assembly

The reasons for using an equalizing valve are
as follows: Figure 4-18. Side Port Flanged onto BOP Body
• Opening a ram without equalizing the On 3.06-in and 4.06-in, 10,000-psi BOP
pressures will damage the face of the models, the kill port is a 2 1/16-in, 10k flange,
sealing ram. which is generally provided with an adaptor to a
• The BOP hydraulics are not strong enough 2-in 1502 Weco connection for easy rig up of a
to open the rams against the additional pumping line.
closing force exerted by the wellbore
pressure. In Category I and II operations, the kill port is
generally isolated with two plug valves during
The equalizing valve is opened and closed with
operation. The electronic pressure sensor for
a 1/4-in allen key.
WHP is generally rigged up between these
valves.
Note:
The equalizing valve has a left hand 4.4.6 Pressure port and debooster
thread, which means it is opened
A pressure port is located on the BOP body
by turning it clockwise and closed
above the blind rams. This port allows WHP
by turning it counterclockwise.
to be monitored only when the blind rams are
open.
The pressure port is connected by a small-

4.4.5 Side port bore steel tube to a pressure debooster fitted
The side port (see Fig. 4-18), often called the on the BOP body (see Fig. 4-19). Steel tube is
kill port, is a flanged connection on the front used instead of hose because it is less likely to
of the BOP body, which can be used to pump be mechanically damaged and is more fire-
fluids into the CT/tubing annulus, or through the resistant. The connections on both ends of the
cut CT string if the BOP shear rams have been tube are high-pressure, metal-to-metal, seal
activated in an emergency. The name kill port autoclave fittings.

4.5 BOP hydraulic system
BOP rams are hydraulically actuated, although
the rams may also be actuated and locked
manually under certain conditions.
Since the BOP is a major component of well

control equipment, it can be operated from the
dedicated hydraulic supply circuit or one of
several backup methods.
4.5.1 BOP hydraulics

The BOP actuator pistons are dual acting,
which means they hydraulically both open and
close the BOP rams (see Fig. 4-20).
Figure 4-19. Pressure Debooster Connected to Pressure Port
The rams are attached to an actuator rod and
The function of a pressure debooster is to the actuator is in turn connected to the piston
hydraulically reduce the WHP by a factor actuator.
of 4:1. This reduction reduces the pressure
within the hydraulic gauge hose running to the When hydraulic pressure is directed to the
control cabin, which means that if the WHP is close port, the pressure is directed through the
5,000 psi, the pressure in the hose running to external closing tube on the two opposite rams.
the control cabin will be 5,000/4 = 1,250 psi. This pressure then acts on the brass piston
The WHP gauge in the cabin is calibrated to in the actuator, forcing the piston actuators to
display a WHP of 5,000 psi from the 1,250 psi move towards each other to close the BOP
pressure in the hose. rams. As they move, they pull the indicator
pin inside the actuator arm, giving a visible
indication that the rams have closed.
When hydraulic pressure is directed to the open

port, the pressure acts on the inside of the
brass piston in the actuator, forcing it to move
outwards into the open position. The piston
actuators move away from each other, to open
the BOP rams. As they move, they push the
indicator pin, giving a visible indication that the
rams have opened.
38 | BOP
Closing
Hydraulic passages Adapter Retainer tube Elbow
drilled through Set screw Hex
bonnet & woodruff retainer
key Indicator
Actuator
rod
Bearing
assembly
Seal Sleeve
Stem Retainer
Piston nut
guide Piston Cylinder Key Hydraulic
Seal Rod nut cap
Bonnet Piston
retainer
Figure 4-20. Ram Actuator
4.5.2 BOP drive system

Because the BOP is a major component of
well control equipment, it can be operated from
several different power supplies.
4.5.2.1 Power pack supply

The main power supply is a dedicated
3,000- psi BOP hydraulic circuit in the CTU
power pack. This supply must be ON at all Rucker pump Haskell pump
times during a CT operation.
4.5.2.2 Emergency supplies

If an engine shuts down, the emergency
supplies described below can be used to
charge the BOP supply. Figure 4-21. Using Stripper Hydraulic Supplies for BOP
Haskell air-over-hydraulic and manual

If air pressure is lost or the pneumatic portion
systems
of the Haskell pump fails, the Haskell pump can
Turning the BOP hand pump supply valve on be operated manually.
allows the operator to use the stripper hydraulic
supplies for the BOP (see Fig. 4-21). The Haskell pump is also backed up by a
separate Rucker hand-operated pump, which

may also be used to charge the BOP supply Figure 4-23 shows an accumulator during
circuit. normal operations. When the hydraulic system
pressure is lost, the pressurized bladder
expands to fill the space. This action retains
Note: pressure in the hydraulic system for a limited
While charging the BOP circuit with number of functions, until the bladder has
either of these systems, the stripper reached its maximum size. At this stage, its
hydraulic circuit must be isolated stored energy has been completely used up.
from any pressure fluctuations by
closing the stripper system supply
valve. N 2 gas
Hydraulic oil
Accumulator
During standard operations, the
The BOP accumulator allows limited operation 3,000 psi hydraulic system pressure,
compresses the bladder of N 2 gas
of all BOP functions following the shutdown of
Hydraulic oil N 2 gas
the power pack engine.
Standard CTUs are fitted with a 38-L

[10- galUS] capacity bladder-type accumulator,
which is precharged with nitrogen gas.
Figure 4-22 identifies the features of a BOP
accumulator. When accumulator is used, the
pressure decreases inside the
accumulator bottle. The bladder
Accumulator expands, pushing the hydraulic fluid
2-in NPT bottle Bladder out of the bottle.
connection
Gas valve Figure 4-23. BOP Accumulator Function
Schlumberger specifies that BOP accumulators
must be sized large enough to provide enough
stored hydraulic energy to perform three
functions on all BOP rams: open, close, and
open again.
Protective
Discharge cap
valve
Figure 4-22. Commonly Used Accumulator Assembly
The bladder of nitrogen gas is compressed

during normal operations by the hydraulic
system pressure. When hydraulic system
pressure is lost, as in the case of a power pack
engine shutdown, the bladder can release the
hydraulic power it has stored.
40 | BOP
4.6 Redressing the BOP
The pictures in this section were taken during
the redress of one quad and one combi BOP.
4.6.1 Quad BOP

A 3.06-in quad BOP is shown in Fig. 4-24. Note
the boosters on the shear rams on this model.
Figure 4-26. Removing Handwheel
Step 03 Removing the blind ram actuator

(Fig. 4-27). Larger sizes of BOP will require two
personnel to lift the actuator.
Figure 4-24. 3.06 in Quad BOP
Step 01 Removing the bolts which hold the

bonnet and actuator in place (see Fig. 4-25).
Figure 4-27. Remove Blind Ram Actuator
Figure 4-25. Bolts Holding Bonnet and Actuator in Place
Step 02 Removing the handwheel on

the shear rams (Fig. 4-26). This handwheel
obstructs the removal of the blind ram actuator.

The blind ram body can be seen protruding Step 05 The retainer bar and the front seal
from the bonnet in Fig. 4-28. slide out of the blind ram body (see Fig. 4-30).
Figure 4-28. Blind Ram Body Figure 4-30. Retainer Bar and Front Seal Sliding Out of Blind
Ram Body
Step 04 Holding the blind ram actuator

firmly in a vice for inspection during the redress Step 06 Holding the shear ram actuator
(Fig. 4-29). firmly in a vice for inspection (see Fig. 4-31).
Figure 4-29. Holding Blind Ram Actuator in Vice Figure 4-31. Inspecting Shear Ram Actuator
42 | BOP
Step 07 Sliding the shear ram body off the Step 08 The front and rear seals and the
actuator rod (see Fig. 4-32). retainer bar from the pipe ram (see Fig. 4-34).
Figure 4-32. Sliding Shear Ram Body off Actuator Rod Figure 4-34. Front and Rear Seals and Retainer Bar
The slip ram insert is visible with its retaining

pin; see Fig. 4-33. Step 09 The pipe ram equalizing valve is
removed for inspection (see Fig. 4-35).
Figure 4-33. Slip Ram Insert with Retaining Pin
Figure 4-35. Removing Pipe Ram Equalizing Valve

Reassemble the BOP by following these steps Step 02 Sliding the ram actuator outwards
in reverse. on the ram change rods, where it remains
supported during servicing (Fig. 4-37). You can
4.6.2 Combi BOP see here that this ram is not dressed for use; it
is in the training school and has no ram fitted
Larger sizes of BOP such as the 4.06-in on it.
combi BOP shown in the following photos are
designed with ram change rods. This feature
allows the ram to be serviced without lifting the
ram actuator itself.
Step 01 Fitting the ram change rods

(Fig. 4-36).
Figure 4-37. Ram Actuator Sliding Out on Ram Change Rods
Step 03 Assembling a combination pipe-

slip ram (Fig. 4-38).
Figure 4-36. Fitting Ram Change Rods
Figure 4-38. Assembling a Combination Pipe-Slip Ram
44 | BOP
Step 04 Fitting the pipe-slip ram onto the Figure 4-41 shows a combination blind-shear
actuator rod; Fig. 4-39. ram: note the space for the blind seal.
Figure 4-41. Combination Blind-Shear Ram

Figure 4-39. Fitting a Combination Pipe-Slip Ram
Reassemble the BOP by following these steps
The pipe-slip ram is in position; see Fig. 4-40. in reverse.
Figure 4-40. Pipe-Slip Ram in Position

46 | BOP
5.0 Auxiliary Pressure
Control Equipment
This section explains the general principles

of other pressure control equipment that are
commonly used by Schlumberger as part of CT
operations.
Note:
For more detailed information, you
should consult the manufacturer’s
technical manuals.
5.1 Quick latch union
Caution:
During rig up on a CT operation,
stabbing the injector head and
stripper onto the BOP is hazardous.
In many cases, an operator is Figure 5-1. Hydraconn Union
close to the connection, assisting
in stabbing the quick union. This
proximity creates a risk of a
personal injury.
Using a Hydraconn union (see Fig. 5-1) from

Texas Oil Tools (TOT), sometimes known as
a quick stab or quick latch (QL; see Fig. 5-2),
can reduce the exposure of personnel to risk.
The QL is a two-piece hydraulic latching union,
which allows the stripper to be stabbed onto the
BOP without operator assistance.
Figure 5-2. QL Union

The QL provides a quicker and safer means
of connecting a lubricator or injector to the
wellhead riser than threaded unions. The QL
has matching conical surfaces to provide
stabbing and self-alignment of the injector.
The upper (male) part of the Hydraconn union

is made up to the bottom of the stripper with
a flange or Bowen quick union. The lower
(female) part of the Hydraconn is generally
flanged to the top of the BOP.
5.1.1 Operation
The female part has a tapered seal bore, which
makes it easy to stab the connection. To make
up the QL, the male part of the QL is simply
lowered inside the lower female part. The latch
inside the female engages on the male profile,
locking it in place.
Figure 5-3. Closing the SDDT Window
After the CT operation, you need to break the
See JET 36, CT Downhole Tools, InTouch
QL connection to rig down the CT. The QL
Content ID# 4221770, for more detailed
also has mechanical locking screws to prevent
information on tool deployment using a SDDT.
accidental release of the QL. The QL can be
unlocked by first unscrewing the mechanical
screws and then applying hydraulic pressure 5.3 Load-bearing quick connect
through the hydraulic port with a hand pump.
The load-bearing quick connect is designed to
This pressure will release the latch inside the
safely and quickly stab the injector head to the
QL and allow the injector and stripper to be
drill pipe or flow head when working on a drill
released by lifting with a crane.
ship or semisubmersible rig.
5.2 Side door deployment tool Texas Oil Tools manufactures the JHS™ model
load-bearing quick connect with the following
The side door deployment tool (SDDT) is
features (see Fig. 5-4):
pressure control equipment used to deploy long
toolstrings. It is actually a hydraulically actuated
• tapered bore to allow for easy stabbing
window in the pressure control equipment
even in rough seas
stack that can be opened to allow the BHA
connections to be made, without breaking the • strong design of latching system can
lubricator stack (see Fig. 5-3). take entire weight of drillstring. Some
models have tension rating of greater than
Using an SDDT allows safe access for making 1.5 million lbm (682 metric tons).
up tools without needing to work under a • three separate seals in separate bores,
suspended load. each rated to the pressure rating of the
quick connect.
48 | Auxiliary Pressure Control Equipment

section (male connection). The latch on the
stinger engages on the profile inside the skirt,
locking it in place.
The quick connect can be released by applying

600-psi hydraulic pressure from a hand pump.
The latching system will only release when the
quick connect is not in tension or compression
and has no wellhead pressure.
A backup manual release system exists if the

hydraulic release system fails. See the Texas
Oil Tools manual for more information on this.
5.4 Quick test safety sub (QTSS)
Caution:
Pressure testing the surface
pressure control equipment is
forbidden with any explosive
guns or chemical cutters in the
riser, as doing so could lead to
the detonation of the guns or the
ejection of the very toxic chemicals
from a chemical cutter.
The basic principle of the quick test safety sub

Figure 5-4. JHS Quick Connect with Skirt (Top) and Stinger (QTTS), shown in Fig. 5-5, is that it allows you
(Bottom)
to pressure test the pressure control equipment
The sealing system is specially designed to without introducing pressure inside the stack-
prevent leakage caused by side loading when up. Note the fitting for the external hand pump
the drill vessel responds to waves. at the connection in Fig. 5-5.
The Texas Oil Tools JHS Series hydraulic

releasing connector is available in 3.06-in,
4.06-in, and 5.12-in sizes in pressure ranges of
5,000 to 15,000 psi.
5.3.1 Operation
The large taper on the skirt makes it easy to
stab the connection even in rough conditions.
The load-bearing quick connect is latched by
simply lowering the skirt over the lower stinger

5.4.1 Specification
The QTSS can be manufactured with quick
unions or flanged connections at the top and
bottom, according to the location requirements.
The main feature of the QTTS is the special

quick test joint at the center. This is a modified
quick union with a double O-ring seal.
The design of the QTTS allows the integrity of

the O-ring seals to be checked with an external
hand pump (see Fig. 5-6) without an internal
pressure test. This feature means that the
connection can be tested very quickly every
time it is broken and remade up.
Figure 5-5. QTTS
The QTTS is mainly used in CT operations

where perforating guns or chemical cutters
will be run, but it can also be used to
reduce pressure testing time on multirun CT
operations.
It is estimated that a QTSS can reduce the Figure 5-6. Hand Pump Pressure Test Connection
time needed to pressure test the stackup by
more than 30 min per run. On expensive drilling
rigs, saving 30 min can result in saving a lot of 5.4.2 Operation of QTSS
money for the client! The QTTS should be placed in the pressure
control equipment stack at the position of the
The main advantages of the QTSS are that it joint normally opened to insert and retrieve the
tools or guns from the well.
• eliminates the risk of pressure testing with
perforation guns or chemical cutters in the Before introducing a perforating gun or
riser chemical cutter into the riser, the entire
• saves rig time on pressure test for all pressure control equipment stack should be
multiple run CT jobs and especially multiple pressure tested internally.
run perforation jobs
After a successful pressure test, the pressure
• avoids contaminating the well with should be bled off from the pressure control
pressure-test fluids. equipment stack. Then, you can break open the

quick test connection on the QTTS just as you
would a standard pin-and-collar connection.
The gun or chemical cutter can then be
deployed inside the riser and the quick test
connection can be made up again.
At this stage, the pressure control equipment

stack has all been pressure tested, but you
need to confirm the integrity of the quick test
connection that was broken and made up
again.
With a normal QL union, you would need to

test the entire pressure control equipment stack
again internally. But the special feature of the
QTSS allows the connection to be pressure
tested with an external hand pump. This is
achieved by testing only the seal of the joint by
pumping between the O-rings.
You can pressure test this joint by connecting

a small hydraulic hand pump with a hydraulic
hose to the port on the special quick test joint of
the QTSS (see Fig. 5-6). Using the hand pump,
increase the pressure to the required test
pressure (the same as the test pressure used
earlier on pressure control equipment stack;
you should have received a printout of all test
pressures from the field engineer).
If a satisfactory pressure test is achieved on

this joint, the whole stackup is pressure tested
without having to pressure test with a gun in the
riser.


6.0 Risers and Lubricators
Risers and lubricators are sections of blank the BOP and the wellhead in certain
pipe with standard end connections that are circumstances, but a lubricator cannot. In
used as part of the pressure control equipment high-pressure applications, only a flanged
stack for one of the following reasons: riser can be used between the upper and
lower BOPs.
• provide space for deploying downhole tools
• position BOP and injector head in
accessible position (often known as
spacing out).
The terms riser and lubricator are often
confused.
• A lubricator (see Fig. 6-1) has pin-and-

collar unions (also known as quick unions)
as end connections, such as Bowen, OTIS,
or TOT unions. Lubricators are generally
used between the BOP and stripper to Figure 6-2. Riser
provide extra length for deploying downhole
tools under pressure or to place the injector
head at a convenient height. 6.1 Specification
Risers and lubricators come in many sizes, but
the main sizes used for CT operations are
• 3.06 in
• 4.06 in
• 5.12 in
• 6.38 in
• 7.06 in.
They come in many lengths, but the standard
lengths are 4, 8, and 12 ft.
Figure 6-1. Lubricator Risers and lubricators come in various working

pressure ratings: 5,000 psi, 10,000 psi, and
• A riser (see Fig. 6-2) generally has flanged 15,000 psi are the most common ratings used
end connections. Risers are often used on in CT operations.
offshore platforms to place the BOP and
injector head at convenient and accessible
heights. A riser can be placed between

54 | Risers and Lubricators

7.0 Crossovers and Connections
This section describes crossovers and the main Or a crossover may adapt between different
types of connection Schlumberger uses on types of connection, for example, see Fig. 7-2.
pressure control equipment:
• flanged
• quick union (or pin-and-collar)
• threaded.
7.1 Crossovers
Crossovers or adaptors are used in the
pressure control stack to adapt between
different connections. They are sometimes
denoted as XO in drawings or text.
Crossovers can be different sizes of the same

type of connection they are connecting, for
example, see Fig. 7-1.
Figure 7-2. Flange-Quick Connect Crossover
Crossovers are an important piece of pressure

control equipment and must be purchased and
tested in accordance with the Well Services
Safety Standards.
Before using a crossover, follow these

guidelines.
• Ensure that, on each flange, the connection

size and pressure rating is clearly marked,
as well as whether it is standard or H2S
service.
• Using the crossover serial number,
ensure that it has been tested according
to WS Safety Standard 23 within the past
12 months.
Figure 7-1. Flange-Flange Crossover

• Check connections and seal areas for API 6BX flanges have a raised face on one or
damage or wear. both flange faces and the flanges are made up
face to face to form a closed flange. The force
7.2 Flanged connections of the bolts reacts primarily on the raised face
of the flange. The ring gaskets used in API 6BX
Flanged connections are bolted connections flanges are BX type. The API 6BX flange is the
with a metal-to-metal seal provided by a gasket type of flange most commonly found on BOPs,
ring. In CT operations, flanged connections as it covers 10,000 psi and 15,000 psi ratings.
are considered the strongest and most
reliable connection available. Schlumberger R ring gaskets are energized only by the
specifies the use of flanged connections in makeup bolt force of the connection. RX and
critical situations, such as high-pressure CT BX gaskets provide a pressure-energized
operations and in the presence of H2S. When seal. RX and BX ring gaskets are not
made up properly and pressure tested, they are interchangeable. All BX rings have a pressure
extremely unlikely to fail and they do not rely on passage while only selected RX rings are
rubber O-ring seals. machined with the passage.
Flanged connections are built to American Figure 7-4 illustrates the different ring gasket
Petroleum Institute (API) specifications. API profiles.
specifies API 6B and API 6BX flanges for
wellhead equipment. Figure 7-3 illustrates the
main differences between these flange types. R Ring gaskets- oval or octagonal in
cross section
Close
face
Standoff Pressure
passage
RX ring gasket–asymmetric BX ring gasket–octagonal,

octagonal cross section all sizes are machined with a
pressure passage
BX
R or RX ring Some RX ring sizes have a pressure passage machined between faces.
ring
Figure 7-4. Ring Gasket Profiles
API 6B Flange API 6BX Flange
Figure 7-3. API 6B and API 6BX Flange Connections Note:

Gasket rings become slightly
deformed during makeup and they
7.2.1 Flange types and ring gaskets should not be reused.
API 6B flanges are not designed for
face‑to‑face makeup and are sometimes
referred to as open flanges. The force of the
bolts reacts on the metal ring gasket. The ring
gaskets used in API 6B flanges are R or RX
type (see Fig. 7-3). Flanges rated for 3,000 psi
or 5,000 psi are generally API 6B flanges.
56 | Crossovers and Connections

The connections come in a large range of sizes and pressure ratings. Table 7-1 lists a range of
common flange sizes and pressure ratings.
Table 7-1. Gasket Ring for Common API Flanges

3,000 psi 5,000 psi 10,000 psi 15,000 psi
2-1/16 in R 24 / RX 24 R 24 / RX 24 BX 152 BX 152
2-9/16 in R 27 / RX 27 R 27 / RX 27 BX 153 BX 153
3-1/16 in BX 154 BX 154
3-1/8 in R 31 / RX 31 R 35 / RX 35
4-1/16 in R 37 / RX 37 R 39 / RX 39 BX 155 BX 155
5-1/8 in R 41 / RX 41 R 44 / RX 44 BX 169
7-1/16 in R 45 / RX 45 R 46 / RX 46 BX 157 BX 156
9 in R 49 / RX 49 R 50 / RX 50 BX 157 BX 157
11 in R 53 / RX 53 R 54 / RX 54 BX 158 BX 158

7.2.2 Making up flanges
When making up a flange, it is important to
follow the proper procedure.
• initial flange alignment

• tightening sequence used to tighten the
bolts. Do not tighten the first bolt fully, and
move on to the next one. Instead, make up Load-indicating washer. Dimples
Hardened backup washer
the bolts in a series of steps using a star flatten at correct load.
pattern as shown in Fig. 7-5. This method Figure 7-6. HPHT Bolt System
helps achieve an equal distribution of the
load around the flange. 7.2.3 Postjob maintenance
After each use, the ring grooves should be
cleaned, inspected, and greased before
storage, to prevent corrosion.
Ensure that each flange has its size and

pressure rating clearly marked on it, as well as
whether it is for standard or H2S service.
Figure 7-5. Bolt Tightening Sequence
For high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT)

applications, a special HPHT bolt tension
system should be used (see Fig. 7-6). This
system uses a special load-indicating washer
and a hardened backup washer to ensure that
the correct load is placed on each bolt.

7.3 Pin-and-collar unions different models, which often include the type
and position of the sealing O-ring, internal
Pin-and-collar connections are the most dimensions, and machined finish.
common connection in the well service industry
and are commonly referred to as quick unions Thread OD
or hand unions (see Fig. 7-7). Sealbore
diameter
Mating
Pin assembly shoulders
Collar
Seal
arrangement Thread
and location pitch
Box
assembly
Figure 7-7. Pin-and-Collar Union
The main advantage of these connections is

the speed of making them up and breaking
Nominal
them out. A connection can generally be made Collar
ID
up by one operator in approximately 2 min. It is
Figure 7-8. Cross-Section of Pin-and-Collar Union
for this reason that they are generally used in
the position in the pressure control equipment
stack where the lubricator will be broken and
made up again several times. Note:
Because some quick unions look
In most cases, the connections between the very similar, it is very important to
stripper and the upper BOP are pin-and-collar ensure that all equipment with quick
connections. unions and adapters are clearly
identified and labeled, to avoid
finding out on the field that your
Note: unions and adaptors do not match.
WS Safety Standard 22 specifies
that these unions may not be used
below the lower BOP.
7.3.1 Types of pin-and-collar union

Various models of pin-and-collar union have
been developed by different companies.
Several design differences exist between the

The most common unions used in CT operator of jacking frame), so that the pin is not
applications are shown in Table 7-1. lowered prematurely, trapping your hands.
Table 7-1. Most Common Unions Used in CT Applications

Name Code
Bowen CB
OTIS CO
TOT CQ
The codes listed in Table 7-1 are combined with

“Bungee”cord
a number to specify a particular type and size and hooks
of quick union. attached to
injector head
frame
For example, two of the most common pin-and-
collar you will see on CT operations are Figure 7-9. Bungee Cord Holding Up Collars
• CB34: 3.06-in, 10,000-psi working pressure

Bowen union
7.3.3 Postjob maintenance
After each use, follow these guidelines:
• CB44: 4.06-in, 10,000-psi working pressure
Bowen union
• Clean and inspect collar threads.
7.3.2 Making up pin-and-collar unions • Clean and inspect seal areas, seals and
backup rings.
Some unions have a top thread that will hold
the collar. In other cases, use bungee cords or • Ensure collar retaining arrangement is
similar devices to hold the collar up (see secure.
Fig. 7-9). • Use appropriate thread protectors during
storage
• BOPs with a quick union adaptor below
Note: them should be stored on a matching
Be very careful when making up stump.
quick unions, as they have caused
many hand injuries in the past.
When stabbing the male pin into

the box, do NOT hold up the collar
with your hands. The collars are
heavy and if they fall, your fingers
may become trapped underneath.
Ensure that you have good communication with

the person lowering the pin (crane operator or

7.4 Threaded connections
Pin end of
In some cases, it will be necessary to rig up CT connection
may be part
onto a threaded connection. This is generally of a pin
the case, if rigging up onto a string of drillpipe, and collar
adapter or
a temporary well testing flowhead, or some low attached to a
pressure wellheads. CT hydraulic
Stub ACME connector.
thread
Note:
WS Safety Standard 22 places O-ring seal
Box end
restrictions on the use of threaded of the
may be
connections in CT operations. connection
single or
double.
They may only be used for low- may be
machined
pressure operations where there is into the
no danger of dangerous H2S gas. temporary
For exact requirements, refer to WS flowhead
body.
Safety Standard 22.
Figure 7-10. Stub ACME Thread
7.4.1 Types of threaded connection 7.4.2 Making up threaded connections

All threaded connections have a recommended
Some threaded connections have a pressure-
makeup torque. Torque is a measure of the
sealing thread, while others rely on independent
rotational force applied to make up the thread.
seals or O-rings to provide a pressure seal.
While it may be possible to make up smaller
Threaded connections include drillpipe threads
threaded connections with pipe wrenches,
such as EUE and regular threads, and stub
larger threaded connections require much
ACME (SA) threads with an O-ring seal (see
higher torque. In this case, a chain tong
Fig. 7-10), which are commonly found on
or hydraulic tong is needed to achieve the
temporary well test trees. See JET 36, CT
recommended makeup torque.
Downhole Tools, for more information on
threads.
7.4.3 Postjob maintenance
Perform this maintenance after every job.
• Clean and inspect thread, seals and seal

areas for damage.
• Install thread protectors for storage.
• Make sure that the size, model, and
pressure rating is clearly marked on the
body for future use.
• Make sure that the service is clearly
marked as standard service or H2S service.


8.0 Pressure Testing
It is crucial that all CT operations be performed 8.2.1 Pressure test 1 (PT-1)

safely and reliably. Pressure testing verifies that
the equipment, as rigged up, will withstand the Before performing the test, CT personnel
expected treatment pressures and maintain determine the safe PT-1 pressure using
pressure control. Therefore, it is essential information from the Service Order and
that CT personnel correctly pressure test the MPWHP previously calculated.
equipment before any well intervention.
CT personnel pressure test the equipment to
During rig up, the CT equipment, hard lines, the maximum safe pressure, with the following
and anything that will be used to perform the setup:
treatment are pressure tested following the
• BOPs installed on the wellhead
guidelines laid out in WS Safety Standard
22. Typically, the standard requires that a • upper blind rams closed
low‑pressure test be performed, followed by
• CT not inserted in the BOP stack.
two pressure test (PT) procedures: PT-1 and
PT‑2. All pressure tests must be documented. The PT-1 test includes all treating lines, blind
rams, BOP body, all crossovers, and the
wellhead (see Fig. 8-1).
8.1 Low-pressure test
The first pressure test performed by the CT
personnel is the low-pressure test. The CT
personnel pressure test the equipment to 300
to 500 psi for a minimum of 5 minutes to verify
equipment assembly. This test is done to detect
any large leaks before performing PT-1 and
PT-2.
8.2 PT-1 and PT-2 pressure tests

PT-1 and PT-2 pressure tests are mandatory for
Figure 8-1. PT-1 testing
all CT operations and each pressure test must
be recorded.
The PT-1 test is then performed to the lesser of
Each pressure test must be done in two steps.
1.5 times the MPWHP or to the working
The first step is a pressure test to 300 psi to
pressure of the lowest rated component in the
check for any large leaks. The next step is
stack, including the wellhead, crossovers, and
to increase the pressure to the maximum as
third-party equipment.
described in the pressure test limits provided
by the field engineer. Hold the pressure at each
step for 10 min.

8.2.2 Pressure test 2 (PT-2)
Before opening the well, CT personnel pressure
test the equipment with the following setup:
• all equipment rigged up

• downhole check valves installed
• CT inserted in the BOP stack.
The PT-2 test includes the CT pipe, pipe rams,
stripper, and downhole check valves in BHA
(see Fig. 8-2).
Figure 8-2. PT-2 testing
The PT-2 test is performed to the lesser of the

PT-1 test pressure or the CoilLIMIT* coiled
tubing pressure/tension limit model predicted
collapse pressure of the CT string, or 80%
collapse pressure rating of the CT connector/
DFCV.
64 | Pressure Testing

9.0 Glossary
ABOP Annular BOP

API American Petroleum Institute
BOP Blowout preventer
CIRP Completion insertion and retrieval under pressure, a gun deployment system
H2 S Hydrogen sulfide, a dangerous gas present in some oil and gas wells
LPT Low pressure test
MPWHP Maximum potentional well head pressure
PT-1 Pressure test 1
PT-2 Pressure test 2
QTSS Quick test safety sub
Quick union Pin-and-collar type connection
SDDT Side door deployment tool
WSSS Well Services Safety Standard
XO Crossover

66 | Glossary
10.0 References
Well Services Safety Standard 4: Facilities and Suppliers:

Workshops, InTouch Content ID# 3313678
• Texas Oil Tools: www.tot.com
Well Services Safety Standard 5: Pressure
• Benoil: www.benoil.com
Pumping and Location Safety, InTouch Content
ID# 3313681
Well Services Safety Standard 22: Coiled

Tubing Safety Standards, InTouch Content
ID# 3313710
Well Services Safety Standard 23: Testing and

Inspection of Treating Operations, InTouch
Content ID# 3313701
JET Manual 12, InTouch Content ID# 4221738
QHSE Standard S007: Management System

Audit, InTouch Content ID# 3260262
OFS Pressure Safety Standard S014
Coiled Tubing Operations Manual (InTouch

Content ID# 3013707)
CT Surface Equipment Maintenance Program

InTouch # 4196880
All technical manuals for BOPs and strippers

68 | References
11.0 Check Your Understanding
1. How many BOPs and strippers are needed 5. What type of stripper was developed to
for a Category 1 CT operation? make it easier to change out the stripper
a. 1 BOP and 1 stripper element during a CT operation?
b. 2 BOPs and 2 strippers a. conventional
c. 3 BOPs and 3 strippers b. radial
c. sidewinder
2. Which one of these factors does not affect d. side door
the life of the stripper insert?
a. hydraulic pressure 6. The stripper bushings are made of _____.
b. lubrication a. rubber
c. bushing condition b. stainless steel
d. CT string OD c. brass
d. EPDM
3. The nonextrusion rings in the stripper are
made of _______. 7. In which stripper can the packer elements
a. brass and wear bushings be fully retracted from
b. nitrile the vertical wellbore?
c. Teflon a. conventional
d. urethane b. radial
c. sidewinder
4. To redress a conventional stripper, the d. side door
inserts are replaced from the ____ of the
stripper. 8. The main drive system of the stripper
a. top hydraulic circuit is the _______.
b. side a. Haskell hand pump
c. bottom b. Rucker pump (manual)
c. Haskell air-over-hydraulic pump
d. auxiliary hydraulic circuit
JET 13 - Coiled Tubing Downhole Tools | 69

9. Before a CT operation, which pressure 15. Blind rams can hold pressure from above
tests must be performed on the and below.
stripper(s)? a. true
a. pressure test 1 (PT-1) b. false
b. pressure test 2 (PT-2)
c. no need to test at wellsite, if tested at 16. Wellhead pressure helps to keep the blind
base rams in the _____________position.
a. open
10. An antibuckling guide is a requirement on b. closed
all CT operations.
a. true
17. What is the sequence of actions to close
b. false and re-open a set of rams, assuming they
will be locked when closed?
11. BOPs are generally manufactured with a.
Bowen quick union connections top and 1. Close hydraulically.
bottom.
2. Lock manually.
a. true
3. Open hydraulically.
b. false
4. Unlock manually.
12. What is the working pressure of a

standard CT BOP? b.
a. 5,000 psi 1. Lock manually.
b. 7,500 psi 2. Close hydraulically.
c. 10,000 psi 3. Unlock manually.
d. 15,000 psi 4. Open hydraulically.
13. The BOP hydraulic system has a pressure c.

of _______________. 1. Close hydraulically.
a. 2,000 psi 2. Lock manually.
b. 2,700 psi 3. Unlock manually.
c. 3,000 psi 4. Open hydraulically.
d. 4,000 psi
14. The BOP hydraulic system can be used

as an emergency hydraulic supply for the
stripper.
a. true
b. false
70 | Check Your Understanding

18. The controls for the _____ rams have 24. What is the function of the pressure
double lockout protection in the CTU debooster?
cabin. a. to allow the pressure above and below
a. blind, shear the blind rams to be equalized
b. pipe, slip b. to hydraulically reduce the WHP by a
c. blind, pipe factor of 4:1
d. slip, shear c. to access the point on the BOP where
you can pump in to kill the well
19. Which rams are fitted with booster

cylinders in some models? 25. Which type of BOP can seal on almost any
shape?
a. blind
a. combi BOP
b. shear
b. annular BOP
c. slip
c. CIRP BOP
d. pipe
d. quad BOP
20. Slip rams hold the pipe in which direction?

26. What components are tested as part of
a. upwards only the PT-1?
b. downwards only a. all treating lines, blind rams, BOP body,
c. upwards and downwards all crossovers, and the wellhead
b. CT pipe, pipe rams, stripper and
21. The equalizing valve must be opened downhole check valves in BHA
before opening the slip rams.
a. true 27. What components are tested as part of
b. false PT-2?
a. all treating lines, blind rams, BOP body,
all crossovers, and the wellhead
22. How many times should your accumulator
system be capable of cycling all rams on b. CT pipe, pipe rams, stripper and
your BOP? downhole check valves in BHA
a. 2
b. 3 28. The accumulator provides a reserve of
hydraulic energy to enable the ____ to be
c. 4
operated following an engine shut down or
d. 5 circuit failure.
a. BOP
23. A CIRP BOP can be used instead of a b. stripper
combi BOP for CT operations.
c. quick connect
a. true
d. antibuckling guide
b. false
JET 13 - Coiled Tubing Downhole Tools | 71

29. A section of lubricator can be used 34. Gasket rings can be reused until they are
between the BOP and wellhead to allow deformed.
deployment of tools under pressure. a. true
a. true b. false
b. false
35. Which of the following is not a type of pin-
30. What is a quick latch union? and-collar union?
a. a type of stripper a. Bowen
b. a two-piece hydraulic latching union b. EUE
c. a type of riser c. OTIS
d. a two-piece item that allows pressure d. TOT
testing of the last connection without
pressuring up the entire stack.
36. The ____ type of connections are
restricted to use in low-pressure, non-H2S
31. A load-bearing quick connect is commonly wells.
used on CT operations performed on a. flanged
_______.
b. threaded
a. offshore platform operations
c. quick union
b. land operations
c. semisubmersible operations
d. all of the above
32. What is the main difference between a

lubricator and a riser?
a. A lubricator has flanged connections; a
riser has quick union connections.
b. A riser has flanged connections; a
lubricator has quick union connections.
c. Lubricators and risers are the same
thing.
33. A ___ connection is required for high-

pressure CT applications.
a. quick connect
b. threaded
c. flanged
72 | Check Your Understanding

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JET 13 – Coiled Tubing Pressure Control Equipment | iii

iv | Table of Contents

JET 13 – Coiled Tubing Pressure Control Equipment | 

vi | Table of Contents

When working on any equipment, follow the

JET 13 - Coiled Tubing Pressure Control Equipment | 

The configuration of pressure control equipment

To perform a CT operation, the following

• stripper: to provide an annular seal around

• lubricator/riser: to give space for tool

JET 13 - Coiled Tubing Pressure Control Equipment | 

The standard describes the minimum

• Category 1 wells. These are the lowest

10 | CT Pressure Control Equipment

This section explains the function and operating

The stripper provides the annular seal, which

The stripper is normally pinned directly to the

Size of CT union seals ≤ 2 in ≤ 2 7/8 in

JET 13 - Coiled Tubing Pressure Control Equipment | 11

The length of the bushing section is relatively

Side door strippers are available in pressure-

Side door strippers are also available in

Figure 3-3. Side Door Stripper

The side door stripper was introduced to enable

The side door design permits replacement

JET 13 - Coiled Tubing Pressure Control Equipment | 13

Figure 3-5. Radial Stripper

The sidewinder stripper has a much shorter

3.3.4 Radial stripper

It does not have fully retractable inserts to allow

Figure 3-7. Buckled CT String

To prevent this buckling, an antibuckling guide

A pressure chamber between the packers can

3.3.6 Antibuckling guide

At high pressures, the compressive force on

JET 13 - Coiled Tubing Pressure Control Equipment | 15

3.4.1 Brass bushings

• to avoid contact friction between CT string

Brass is chosen as the material for the

• to minimize the chance of generating

Worn brass bushings should be replaced

JET 13 - Coiled Tubing Pressure Control Equipment | 17

Also, manufacturers have developed some

3.4.4 Nonextrusion rings

Full-bore stripper inserts also exist that do not

Figure 3-13. Two-Piece Nonextrusion Ring

JET 13 - Coiled Tubing Pressure Control Equipment | 19

Most actuator pistons are dual acting, which Haskell pump

STEP 01: Select the stripper system to

Figure 3-16. Move Stripper Control Valve to PACK Position

STEP 03 Increase the stripper pressure.

STEP 04 Decrease the stripper pressure.

JET 13 - Coiled Tubing Pressure Control Equipment | 21

Step 01 Back out the two lock screws and

JET 13 – Coiled Tubing Pressure Control Equipment |

JET 13 - Coiled Tubing Pressure Control Equipment |

JET 13 - Coiled Tubing Pressure Control Equipment |