Coiled Tubing Operation PDF

11.
Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing
Coiled Tubing
O
Operations
ti
Schlumberger Private
Well Intervention
with Coiled Tubing
1/51
. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing
Contents
Introduction
Operations with Coiled Tubing
E i
Equipment t
Well Control
The Tubing
Typical Applications
Job Design
g
2/51
11. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing
I
Introduction
d i
Business Profile
Evolution
3/51
Business Profile
Schlumberger is the Largest Coiled
T bi Company
Tubing C in
i the
th World
W ld
Operates 30% of World Fleet
with total of 300 CTUs
Operating in 40 Countries
34% Market Share
$900 Million annual market

Performs in excess of 15000 CT Jobs Performance
annually
Nr
N 1 on S Schroders
h d V
Value
l
65% Onshore Survey for 6th year.
35 % Offshore Fastest growing service in
S hl b
Schlumberger during
d i the h 2ndd
part of the 90s
4/51
Evolution
First introduced in 1963 for
through tubing sand cleanouts
Quickly followed by Acid
Treatments and Nitrogen Lifts in
the 70s
Larger OD tubing allowed for the
introduction of Downhole Tools
and more complex fluids in the
1980s In 2003
Dedicated R&D in late 80s Integral part of any well program,
allowed service to become including
complete Workover service in
the 1990s for
Subsea
Drilling, Completion, Intelligent Wells
Production and Multilaterals
M ltil t l
Abandonment Extended Reach Wells
5/51
C il d TTubing
Coiled bi P Principles
i i l
Advantages of Coiled Tubing
6/51
Coiled Tubing offers the ability to do Through Tubing Well Intervention
Rigless
Completion installed
Life Conditions
Applications
Circulate Fluids
Workover with mechanical
tools
Data Acquisition
Drilling
g
7/51
Advantages of Coiled Tubing
Many advantages exist when compared to the alternatives
((Hydraulic
y Workover Units or Workover Rigs)
g )
Economics
Much less equipment with smaller crews
Operations in days rather than weeks
Safety
Reduced pipe handling (no connections, no rig floor
operations)
i )
Safe handling of wellhead pressure rather than pressure
prevention
Operations
Small foot print with versatile equipment package
Much faster rig up and trip speeds
Ability to work on life wells
8/51
C il d TTubing
Coiled bi EEquipment
i
Injector head
Reel
Power and Control
Well Control
9/51
Coiled Tubing Equipment
The basic configuration of a coiled tubing equipment package is

dependent on:
Operating environment
e.g., offshore, arctic, desert
Primary applications
e.g., units prepared for CTD operations will typically be
larger than conventional service units
CT string dimensions
e.g., string length/OD and necessary reel dimensions
10/51
B i EEquipment
Basic i t Configurations
C fi ti
Schlumberger equipment fleet comprises CT units designed to
operate:
Onshore
Paved road trucks (road legal for operating area)
Off-road trucks (all-wheel drive, e.g., desert)
Mobile mast units (special environment,
environment ee.g.,
g arctic)
Offshore
Skid mounted units (crash-frame
(crash frame protected)
Barge mounted units (permanent placement)
Jackingg barge/tender
g / vessel
11/51
. Well Intervention
Basic with Package
Coiled Tubing Coiled Tubing
Control Cabin to
control operations,
Injector Head WC and Data
to pull/push Acquisition
tubing
Stripper to
allow
ll ffor li
live
operations Prime Mover to
provide Hydraulic
Reel to Store Power
Tubing
12/51
Injector Head Functions / Components
Primary components/functions include:
11. Injecting and retrieving the CT string
(chain/drive system) 3
2. Holding the CT string static (chains
and braking system)
3. Guiding the CT to the reel (gooseneck) 1 5
4
4. T i /
Tension/compressioni measurement
(weight indicator) 2
5. Depth/speed
p / p measurement (depth
( p
system sensor) 4
6. Mounting place for primary pressure

b i (stripper)
barrier ( ti )
6
13/51
Chain System
Typical chain system includes:
1
Drive sprocket/system (1)
Inside tensioners (2)
2
Outside tensioners (3) 3 3
Lower
L idli
idling sprocket
k t (4)
4
14/51
Chain Components
Chain link
pins
Gripper block
Roller bearing
Chain link plate

and split pin
15/51
Reel Functions and Components
Typical reel components:
1 Storing and protecting the CT string
1.
(drum) 5
2. Maintaining proper tension between
reel and injector head (reel drive 3
system)
3. Efficiently spooling the CT string on to
the reel drum (level wind system)
1
4. Circulating fluids with the drum
rotating (swivel)
5 Application of protective coating or
5. 4
inhibitor on tubing string (tubing
lubricator system)
6 Back-up
6. Back up depth measurement (reel
2
mounted counter)
16/51
Reel Drum Capacity
Capacity of reel drum: Freeboard
L = (A + C) (A) (B) (K)
Where: A
L = Reel capacity (ft)
( )
A = Tubing stack height (in.)
B = Drum width (in.)
C = Core diameter (in.) C
K = Constant (tubing size dependent)
11-1/4
1/4 = 00.168
168
1-1/2 = 0.116
1-3/4 = 0.086
2 = 0.066
0 066
2-3/8 = 0.046 B
17/51
Reel Models and Capacities
Reel Model / Configuration
Tubing Size 1015 2015 3015 3020 4122
1-1/4-in. 15,000 22,500 25,000 25,000 25,000

1 1/2 i
1-1/2-in. 10 000
10,000 15 100
15,100 22 000
22,000 25 000
25,000 25 000
25,000
1-3/4-in. N/A 11,200 15,000 20,000 25,000
22-in
in. N/A 8 500
8,500 11 000
11,000 15 000
15,000 22 500
22,500
2-3/8-in. N/A N/A N/A N/A 15,300
18/51
L l i d S
Levelwind System
t
3
System components include:
2
Drive
D i chain/system
h i / t (1)
Override motor (2)

( )
1
Spooling head (3)
19/51
Reel Swivel and Manifold
Pressure Cable
b lkh d
bulkhead
Coiled tubing
CT isolation
Jumper cable valve
Reel Reel Reel

collector axle swivel
20/51
Power Pack/Control Cabin Functions
Basic functions of the power pack/control cabin or equipment normally
mounted therein:
Providing hydraulic power required by the CTU (engine and
hydraulic pumps)
Control
C t l and d lilimitation
it ti on hhydraulic
d li systems
t (h
(hydraulic
d li control
t l and
d
relief valves/system)
Hydraulic accumulator storage for secondary well control
equipment
i t (BOP accumulator)
l t )
Enables control and monitoring
of all operating systems from a
single operators station (control
consol)
Layer 1 High Exhaust Low Oil Loss of
Temper
H ature
igh Coolant Temperature Pressure Coolant
Coolant Oil
Temperature Pressure
Engine
P
ermissive Tachometer
start
Providing operations data to

Start
Engine Emergenc y
Kill Kill Air
Pressure
enable well site design and

monitoring
21/51
Well Control Equipment for CT

Stripper
St i
Blow Out Preventers
Stacks
22/51
Pressure Control Equipment
Pressure control equipment associated with mobilization of a basic
CTU for routine service activities includes:
Stripper
generally permanently mounted on the injector head
Blow-out preventers
quad configuration most common
Riser, lubricator
application dependent
Ancillary equipment
wellhead crossover(s), flow T, kill line and valves
Downhole check valve
preventing back-flow of wellbore fluids
23/51
Stripper Functions
The primary stripper typically performs
the following functions:
Maintain
M i t i a primary
i bbarrier
i
against wellbore pressure and
fluids
Secure and align the injector
head with the pressure control
and wellhead equipment
Support the tubing between the
injector head chains and the
stripper seal
Design features enable:
Servicing
S i i off consumables bl
(sealing elements) with CT in
place
control/actuation of primary
seal without reliance on CTU
power pack engine
24/51
Conventional Stripper Components
Tubing support/top access
Packing assembly
Hydraulic system
M
Mounting
i flflange
Lower connection
Typical packing stack
25/51
BOP Functions
The following functions and requirements typically apply to CT BOPs:
Provide a secondary barrier against wellbore pressure and fluids
( i rams andd shear
(pipe h rams))
Secure/support the tubing string against the operating weight or
snubbing force (slip rams)
Shear the tubing string under operating conditions (shear rams)
Provide wellbore access for fluid (kill port) and pressure
measurement (pressure port)
Support the weight (and forces applied) of the CT equipment under
the rated wellbore pressure
26/51
Quad BOP Components
Upper flange/connection adapter
Pressure port
Equalizing valve Blind rams

Shear rams
Kill port
Slip rams
Equalizing valve Pipe rams
Lower flange/connection adapter

27/51
Onshore Rig up
Quick latch
body
Quad BOP
Lower BOP Injector head

adapter
Swab valve
and tree
Stripper
Quick latch pin
28/51
Th Continuous
The C i (Coiled)
(C il d) TTubing
bi
29/51
The Continuous (Coiled) Tubing
CT properties
In sizes from 1
1 up to 3-1/2
3 1/2
Most common sizes are 1-1/4 and 1-1/2
Continuouslyy milled to lengths
g of 25,000 ft
80,000 psi Yield grade is most common
Over the live of the tubing it might be bend as much as 500
times iinto
ti t it
its plastic
l ti yield
i ld area.
CT Life is dependent on
Number of Bends
Internal pressure while bending takes place
The bending radius
Tubing can be protected against acid and H2S corrosion
30/51
Steel Grade & Manufacturing for CT
Grades
70000, 80000, 90000, 100000 andd 110000 psii Yi
Yield
ld M
Materials
i l
Configurations
Butt Welded
Continuous Milled (Bias Weld)
Tapered Strings
True Tapered Strings
Manufacturers
Precision Tube Technology - e.g. HS80 and HS80CM
Quality Tubing - e.g. QT80 and QT800
31/51
CT String Construction
1965 250 ft strip

p lengths
g (Republic
( p Tubing,
g, USA))
1983 1000 ft strip lengths
1985 1700 ft strip lengths
1986 3500 ft strip lengths (Japanese Suppliers)
1987 Tubing milled continuously
32/51
CT String Construction (2)
1989
1986 1988
1970 1978
1965
3/4-in. 1-in. 1-1/4-in. 1-1/2-in. 1-3/4-in. 2-in.
1995
1992
1990
1989
2 3/8 in
2-3/8-in. 2 7/8 in
2-7/8-in. 3 1/2 in
3-1/2-in. 4 1/2 in
4-1/2-in.
33/51
Biased Weld
Strips preparation
Weld completed
and area
heat treated
Tube formed
Biased Weld Configuration
34/51
Biased Weld
Longitudinal
weld profile
Bias weld
profile
Biased weld and longitudinal weld forms
35/51
Tapered String
Heavier wall Intermediate Lighter wall
Butt weld or bias weld Butt weld or bias weld
Tapered String Configuration
36/51
Material Specifications
Nom Min Nom Min Min Hydro Int

OD Wall Wall ID Weight Yield Tensile Test Yield
Inch Inch Inch Inch lbs/ft lbf lbf psi psi
1.75 0.109 0.104 1.532 1.915 43800 47800 8300 9200
1.75 0.125 0.118 1.500 2.175 49800 54200 9400 10400
1.75 0.134 0.128 1.482 2.318 53100 57800 10100 11300
1.75 0.156 0.148 1.438 2.662 60900 66400 11700 13000
1.75 0.175 0.167 1.400 2.951 67500 73600 13100 14500
1.75 0.190 0.180 1.370 3.173 72600 79100 14100 15600
1.75 0.204 0.195 1.342 3.377 77300 84200 15200 16800
37/51
. Well
CoilLIMIT Intervention
- Real Time with Coiled Tubing
Real Time Information
38/51
Stress / Strain Diagram for CT pipe
39/51
Low Cycle
y Fatigue
g
Full Scale Fatigue Testing was conducted
during 1989
1989, providing the basis for the
Dowell CoilLIFE Code
40/51
Fatigue Monitoring
C urrent L ife
C oilLIFE
P rev. L ife
W eld
30
25
ue Life %
20
15
Fatigu
10
0
0 5000 10000 15000
Distance from CT Downhole End
(c) S chlum berger D owell 1994-96
41/51
Keeping Track of Fatigue
C ilCAT
CoilCAT
CoilLIFE
16
Life
14
12
10
6 Life - %
Fatigue
0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
Distance from CT downhole end - ft
(c) Schlumberger Dowell 1994-96
1. CoilLIFE stored on reel
2. CoilLIFE transferred
to Data Acquisition system
CoilCAT
CoilLIFE
prior to job
16 Current Life
Prev. Life
14 Weld
12
10
6 Life - %
Fatigue
0
3. CoilLIFE Updated during job
0 2000 4000
Distance from CT downhole end - ft
6000 8000
(c) Schlumberger Dowell 1994-96
42/51
11. Well Intervention
Typical Applications of CTwith Coiled Tubing
Conveying Fluids
Downhole Tools
El t i Li
Electric Line
Drilling with CT
43/51
Coiled Tubing
g Applications
pp
Conventional
Washingg and cleaningg operations
p
Intervention with mechanical tools
Remedial Stimulation
Non-conventional
Electric Line (pushing logging tools) Watch Jet Blaster DVD
Scale Removal (Abrasive Jetting)
Underbalanced Drilling
Special Operations
Multilateral Interventions Watch Discovery DVD
Subsea Wells
HPHT Wells
44/51
Coiled Tubing Applications
Conveying Fluids
Circulating fluids in place under live conditions
Conveying Tools
Performing mechanical work over tasks in the well.
Electric Line
Pushing logging tools and/or providing circulating capabilities
Coiled Tubing Drilling

For through
g tubingg or underbalanced drillingg operations
p
45/51
Conveying Fluids
The most common use for Coiled Tubing is as a conveyance
method for fluids :
Nitrogen Kick Offs
Wellbore Clean Outs
Cementing thru CT
Acidizing thru CT
Scale and Paraffin Removal
46/51
Nitrogen Kick Off
Inducing well to flow by lowering
hydrostatic head through pumping
nitrogen gas.
System is optimum when :
CT is at deepest point in well.
Nitrogen
Nit rate
t is
i lowest
l t
Annulus allows for maximum
flow (Smallest CT)
47/51
Conveying Tools
The use of Coiled Tubingg to conveyy mechanical tools is an

essential part of most well intervention phases
Washing Subs
Check Valves for Well Control
Fishing
Slickline
Downhole Motors
HP Jetting
J tti
Pre-packed Gravel Pack Screens
Bridge
g Plugs
g
Inflatable Packers
48/51
High Pressure Jetting
Use jetting energy to remove
scale by creating a pressure
drop across a DH jetting
nozzle.
U d with
Used ith hard
h d scale
l
Used with ID variety
Nozzle(s)
( ) need to cover 360
deg of ID by rotating head or
indexing.
Process is sensitive to :
Abrasives Loading
Rate of Penetration
Pressure Drop
49/51
El t i Logging
Electric L i with
ith CT = CTL
CTL ddefinition
fi iti
The conveying of tools with Coiled Tubing whereby the
downhole to and from surface telemetry occurs through
a wire
Applications
Pushing logging tools in high angle wells
wells, pumping while
logging and logging while pumping.
50/51
System Components - CT Logging
Coiled Tubing
with internal Cable
Collector
Pressure
Bulkhead
Deployment
System
Logging
gg g Unit
CT Logging Head
Logging Suite
51/51

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What are some common applications of coiled tubing?

What are some common applications of coiled tubing?

What are some advantages of using coiled tubing over alternatives?

What are some advantages of using coiled tubing over alternatives?

11.

Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Coiled Tubing Equipment

The basic configuration of a coiled tubing equipment package is

6. Mounting place for primary pressure

Outside tensioners (3) 3 3

Chain link plate

Reel Model / Configuration

1-1/4-in. 15,000 22,500 25,000 25,000 25,000

Override motor (2)

Spooling head (3)

Reel Reel Reel

Providing operations data to

enable well site design and

Well Control Equipment for CT

Tubing support/top access

Provide a secondary barrier against wellbore pressure and fluids

Upper flange/connection adapter

Equalizing valve Blind rams

Lower flange/connection adapter

Lower BOP Injector head

1965 250 ft strip

1985 1700 ft strip lengths

1986 3500 ft strip lengths (Japanese Suppliers)

1987 Tubing milled continuously

Biased Weld Configuration

Biased weld and longitudinal weld forms

Tapered String Configuration

Nom Min Nom Min Min Hydro Int

(c) S chlum berger D owell 1994-96

1. CoilLIFE stored on reel

(c) Schlumberger Dowell 1994-96

Coiled Tubing Drilling

Nitrogen Kick Offs

Scale and Paraffin Removal

The use of Coiled Tubingg to conveyy mechanical tools is an

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