BOLTED CONNECTIONS

1. A bracket shown in the figure is subjected to an eccentric load P acting at an

eccentricity e = 125mm. Diameter of rivets is 25mm. Allowable shearing stress of
rivets is 110 MPa.
a. Determine the polar moment of inertia of the group of bolts.
b. Determine the safe value of P using elastic analysis method.
c. Determine the shear stress in the most critical bolt if P = 80Kn.
d. Determine if the most critical bolt will fail due to applied load.

Solution:
a. Value of “J”
J = ∑ (x2 + y2)
J = 4(402 + 402)
J = 12800mm2
b. Safe value of “P”
∑MCOG = 0
M = Pe
M = 125P
P
RV1 = = 0.25P
4
RH1 = 0
Mx 125 P( 40)
RV2 = = =0.390625 P
J 12800
My 125 P( 40)
RH2 = = =0.390625 P
J 12800
R = √ ( 0.390625 P )2+ ( 0.25 P+0.390625 P )2 = 0.750325P
AFv = R
Fv = 110MPA
π
( 252 ) ( 110 )=0.750325 P
4
P = 71.963604 Kn

c. Value of “fv” at the most critical bolt

∑MCOG = 0
M = Pe
M = 80 (120) = 9600 Kn . mm
80
RV1 = = 20 Kn
4
RH1 = 0
Mx 9600 (40)
RV2 = = =31.25 Kn
J 12800
 My 9600(40)
RH2 = = =31.25 Kn
J 12800
R = √ 31.252 + ( 20+31.25 )2 = 60.026036 Kn
Afv = R
60.026036(1000)
fv = π
(252 )
4
fv = 122.2840364 MPa

d. “fv” & “Fv”

Fv = 110 MPa
fv = 122 MPa
fv> Fv ∴ FAIL

2. A bracket shown in the figure carries an eccentric load of 30 Kn at an eccentricity of

200mm. Diameter of bolts is 20mm and the allowable shear is 110 MPa. Determine
the shear stress and adequacy of
a. Bolt A
b. Bolt B
c. Bolt C

a. “fv” of Bolt A
J = ∑ (x2 + y2)
J = 4(752) + 6(602)
J = 44100 mm2
∑MCOG = 0
M = Pe
M = 30 (200) = 6000 Kn.mm
30
RV1 = = 7.5 Kn
4
 RH1 = 0
Mx 6000(60)
RV2 = = =8.163235 Kn
J 44100
My 6000 ( 75 )
RH2 = = =10.204082 Kn
J 44100
R = √ 10.2040822+ ( 7.5+ 8.163235 )2 = 18.69388 Kn
Afv = R
18.69388 ( 1000 )
fv = π
( 20 2)
4
fv = 59.504469 MPa

Since fv< Fv ∴ SAFE

b. “fv” of Bolt B
J = ∑ (x2 + y2)

J = 44100 mm2
∑MCOG = 0
M = Pe
M = 30 (200) = 6000 Kn.mm
30
RV1 = = 7.5 Kn
4
RH1 = 0
Mx 6000(60)
RV2 = = =8.163235 Kn
J 44100
My 6000 ( 0 )
RH2 = = =0 Kn
J 44100
R = √ ( 7.5+8.163235 )2 = 15.663266 Kn
Afv = R
15.663266 ( 1000 )
fv = π
( 20 2)
4
fv = 49.857721 MPa

Since fv< Fv ∴ SAFE

c. “fv” of Bolt C
J = ∑ (x2 + y2)

J = 44100 mm2
∑MCOG = 0
 M = Pe
M = 30 (200) = 6000 Kn.mm
30
RV1 = = 7.5 Kn
4
RH1 = 0
Mx 6000(60)
RV2 = = =8.163235 Kn
J 44100
My 6000 ( 75 )
RH2 = = =10.204082 Kn
J 44100
R = √ 10.2040822+ ( 7.5+ 8.163235 )2 = 18.69388 Kn
Afv = R
18.69388 ( 1000 )
fv = π
( 20 2)
4
fv = 59.504469 MPa

Since fv< Fv ∴ SAFE

3. A single plate 225mm x 650mm is fastened to the flange of the column with 6 rivets
arranged as shown in the figure. The maximum load on a corner rivet shall not
exceed 42 Kn.
Allowable Stresses:
Tension of Plates = 138MPa
Bearing of rivets = 220MPa
Shearing of rivets = 112MPa
a. Determine the required diameter of rivets in the bracket connection.
b. Determine the safe value of load P that the bracket could carry.
c. Determine the required thickness of plate.

a. Diameter of rivet “db”

 AFv = P
π
( d b2 ) ( 112 )=42000
4
db = 21.85mm
say,
db = 22mm

b. Safe value of “P”

J = ∑ (x2 + y2)
J = 6(752) + 4(752)
J = 56250 mm2
∑MCOG = 0
M = Pe
M = 499P
P
RV1 = = 0.166667P
6
RH1 = 0
Mx 499 P( 75)
RV2 = = =0.665333 P
J 56250
My 499 P (75)
RH2 = = =0.665333 P
J 56250
R = √ ( 0.665333 P )2+ ( 0.665333 P+0.166667 P )2 = 1.065313P
42000 = 1.065313P
P = 39.425021 Kn

c. Thickness of plate “tp”

Based on bearing capacity
42000 = 22(tp)(220)
tp = 8.68mm
say,
tp = 9mm

Based on bending of plate:

Diameter of hole = 22mm + 3mm = 25mm
Mc
f=
I
M = 424(39425)
M = 16.72x106 N.mm
C = 112.5 mm
t p ( 225 )3
I= −25 ( t ) ( 752 ) ( 2 )=667968.75 tp
12
f = 138MPa
 16.72 x 10 6 (112.5)
138 =
667968.75 tp
tp = 20.4mm
say,
tp = 21mm
∴ use tp=21 mm

4. A bracket supporting a crane runway is connected to a supporting column by 1

fasteners using an A325 bolts with a diameter of 28mm. Allowable shearing stress
of the bolt is 207 MPa. Determine the shear stress and the adequacy of
a. Bolt A
b. Bolt B
c. Bolt C

a. “fv” of Bolt A
Compute for ȳ of the group of bolts, using
Bolt B as the point of reference
10ȳ = 2(0) + 2(75) + 2(200) + 2(275) +
2(350)
ȳ= 180mm measured vertically from
Bolt B

J = ∑ (x2 + y2)
J= 10(752) + 2(1802) + 2(180-75)2 +
2(200-180)2 + 2(275-180)2 + 2(350-180)2
J = 219750mm2
∑MCOG = 0
M = 210(350) + 16(500-180)
M = 78620 Kn.mm
210
RV1 = = 21 Kn
10
16
RH1 = = 1.6 Kn
10
Mx 78620 ( 75 )
RV2 = = =26.832765 Kn
J 219750
My 78620 ( 350−180 )
RH2 = = =60.820933 Kn
J 219750
R = √ (1.6+ 60.820933)2 + ( 21+26.832765 )2 = 78.640614 Kn
Afv = R
 78.640614 ( 1000 )
fv = π
( 28 2 )
4
fv = 127.714719 MPa

Since fv< Fv ∴ SAFE

b. “fv” of Bolt B
J = ∑ (x2 + y2)
J = 10(752) + 2(1802) + 2(180-75)2 + 2(200-180)2 + 2(275-180)2 + 2(350-
180)2
J = 219750mm2
∑MCOG = 0
M = 210(350) + 16(500-180)
M = 78620 Kn.mm
210
RV1 = = 21 Kn
10
16
RH1 = = 1.6 Kn
10
Mx 78620 ( 75 )
RV2 = = =26.832765 Kn
J 219750
My 78620 ( 180 )
RH2 = = =64.398635 Kn
J 219750
R = √ (1.6+ 64.398635)2 + ( 21+26.832765 )2 = 81.509467 Kn
Afv = R
81.509467 ( 1000 )
fv = π
( 28 2 )
4
fv = 132.373822 MPa

Since fv < Fv ∴ SAFE

c. “fv” of Bolt C
J = ∑ (x2 + y2)
J = 10(752) + 2(1802) + 2(180-75)2 + 2(200-180)2 + 2(275-180)2 + 2(350-
180)2
J = 219750mm2
∑MCOG = 0
M = 210(350) + 16(500-180)
M = 78620 Kn.mm
210
RV1 = = 21 Kn
10
 16
RH1 = = 1.6 Kn
10
Mx 78620 ( 75 )
RV2 = = =26.832765 Kn
J 219750
My 78620 ( 200−180 )
RH2 = = =7.155404 Kn
J 219750
R = √ (1.6+ 7.155404)2+ ( 21+26.832765 )2 = 48.627466 Kn
Afv = R
48.627466(1000)
fv = π ( 2)
28
4
fv = 78.927465 MPa

Since fv < Fv ∴ SAFE

5. Determine the capacity of the A36 steel plate with 2-16mm diameter A325 bolts
based on
a. Tension
b. Shear
c. Bearing

For Ultimate and Allowable stress on plate use,

Fy = 248 MPa
Fu = 400 MPa
For Allowable Shearing stress on Bolts use,
Fv = 207 MPa
For Allowable bearing stress of plate use,
Fb = 1.20Fu

d. Capacity of the Section

a. Based on Tension
For Gross Area of the Plate,
P = 0.60 Fy Ag
Ag = 7 (120) = 840mm2
P = 0.60 (248) (840) (1x10-3)
P = 125 Kn

For Effective Net Area of the Plate,

P = 0.50 Fu Ae
An = 840 – 2 (18) (7) = 588mm2
Ae = uAn
Since it is a plate, use u = 1.0
Ae = An
Ae = 588mm2
P = 0.5 (400) (588) (1x10-3)
P = 117.6 Kn

∴ The Capacity of the section based on Tensionis P=117.6 Kn

b. Based on Shear of Bolts

AvFv = P
π 2
P = (16 )(2)(207)(1 x 10−3)
4
P = 88.239639 Kn

c. Based on Bearing of Plate

AbFb = P
Fb = 1.20Fu
P = 2 (7) (16) (1.20) (400) (1x10-3)
P = 107.52Kn

d. Capacity
The Capacity of the section is based on the shearing of Bolts.
P = 88.239639 Kn

6. Determine the capacity of the A36 steel plate with 4-16mm diameter A325 bolts
based on
a. Tension
 b. Shear
c. Bearing

For Ultimate and Allowable stress on plate use,

Fy = 248 MPa
Fu = 400 MPa
For Allowable Shearing stress on Bolts use,
Fv = 207 MPa
For Allowable bearing stress of plate use,
Fb = 1.20Fu

d. Capacity of the Section

a. Based on Tension
For Gross Area of the Plate,
P = 0.60 Fy Ag
Ag = 7 (120) = 840mm2
P = 0.60 (248) (840) (1x10-3)
P = 125 Kn

For Effective Net Area of the Plate,

P = 0.50 Fu Ae
An = 840 – 2 (18) (7) = 588mm2
Ae = uAn
Since it is a plate, use u = 1.0
Ae = An
Ae = 588mm2
P = 0.5 (400) (588) (1x10-3)
P = 117.6 Kn

∴ The Capacity of the section based on Tensionis P=117.6 Kn

 b. Based on Shear of Bolts
AvFv = P
π 2
P = (16 )( 4)(207)(1 x 10−3)
4
P = 166.479278 Kn

c. Based on Bearing of Plate

AbFb = P
Fb = 1.20Fu
P = 4 (7) (16) (1.20) (400) (1x10-3)
P = 215.04 Kn

d. Capacity
The Capacity of the section is based on the effective net area of the plate that will
resist tension
P = 117.6 Kn

WELDED CONNECTIONS
1. Determine the allowable shear force for a 12mm fillet weld using an E70 electrodes
with Fu = 485MPa.
a. Using shielded metal arc process (SMAW)
b. Using submerged arc process (SAW)
c. Using plug weld whose thickness of the plate that the plug weld is being made is
10mm.

a. “SMAW”
Fv = 0.30Fu
R = effective length of throat x length of weld x 0.30Fu
Effective length of throat = .707(12) = 8.484mm
R = 8.848 (1) (0.30) (485)
N
R = 1234.422
mm

b. “SAW”
Fv = 0.30Fu
Thickness of fillet weld = 12mm > 10mm
Effective throat dimension = .707(12) + 3 = 11.484mm
 R = 11.484 (1) (0.3) (485)
N
R = 1670.922
mm

c. “Plug Weld”
Diameter of plug weld = (tp+8) < 2.5tw
D = (10+8) < 2.5(12)
D = 18<30 ∴ okay
π 2
R = D (0.3)( Fu)
4
π 2
R = 18 (0.3)(485)
4
R = 37025.240 N

2. A lap joint shown in the figure is welded using a fillet weld with E60 electrodes with
Fu = 415 MPa and Fy = 250 MPa. Use SMAW process.
a. Design the size of the fillet weld
b. Compute the value of “a”
c. Compute the length of end returns “b”

a. Size of fillet weld

If the material is 6mm or more in thickness, the maximum size of the fillet
weld should not be greater than the thickness of material minus 1.6mm.
Maximum size of fillet weld = 15-1.6
Maximum size of fillet weld = 13.4mm
Say,
13mm fillet weld

b. Value of “a”
For thicker plate:
 T = 0.60 Fy Ag
T = 0.60 (250) (150) (15)
T = 337500 N

For thinner plate:

T = 0.60 Fy Ag
T = 0.60 (250) (190) (12)
T = 342000 N

∴ use T = 337500 N

T = 0.707 t L (0.3) Fu
337500 = .707 (13) L (0.3) (415)
L = 294.94542 mm
Say,
L = 295mm
2a = L
2a = 295
a = 147.5 mm

c. Value of “b”
b = 2t
b = 2(13)
b = 26 mm

3. A welded connection is shown in figure 21.18. An A36 steel is used with Fy = 248
MPa. Size of fillet weld is 8mm. Use E70 electrodes with Fu = 485 MPa.
a. Compute the capacity of the connection shown using SMAW process.
b. Compute the capacity of the connection shown using SAW process.
a. “SMAW”