BATCH REACTOR

Resyel Ponce, Carl James Sacobo, John Marvin Sevilla, Carissa Jane Tejio, Mitzi Anne Trinidad

ABSTRACT 1. In a 500 ml beaker, prepare an

In a batch reactor, each reaction is in a equimolar amounts of sodium hydroxide
closed system, the total mass in a batch is fixed, and ethyl acetate.
as time goes by the volume or density may 2. Set the temperature to 30°C.
change so is the energy in each batch, the 3. Set the timer for 10 minutes and pour
reaction time for all the elements in the fluid are the reactants and mixture to the reactor.
the same, unsteady-state operation as time Measure the initial pH of the mixture.
goes by. 4. Stir the mixture using the magnetic
This experiment was done to determine stirrer and after 10 min, obtain a sample
the order of reaction and the reaction constant. at least 10 mL, enough to determine the
The experiment consists of four trials, a sample concentration with respect to time.
would be collected every 10 minutes for an hour. 5. Through the gather data, compute the
The samples were then sent to measure its pH concentration of sodium hydroxide in 10
value using a pH meter and the NaOH minutes.
concentration would be calculated. 6. Compute the conversion of the reactant,
NaOH per sampling time.
I. INTRODUCTION 7. Using the data obtain, plot the
Batch reactors are used for most of the concentration with respect to time using
reactions carried out in a laboratory. The n=0, n=1, n=2.
reactants are placed in a test-tube, flask or 8. Observe the plot, if a straight line is
beaker. They are mixed together, often heated achieved then determine the rate
for the reaction to take place and are then constant from the slope
cooled. The products are poured out and, if 9. In expressing the batch reactor design
necessary, purified. equation use conversion versus time.
The objective of this experiment is to
find the reaction rate constant in a stirred III. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP
batchreactor. The values recorded will be the The batch reactor has an experimental
initial concentration and conductivity set-up that consist of hotplate and inside the
valueswhich are then used to calculate the final 500mL is the magnetic stirrer. Every 10 minutes
concentration. interval, the sample is being taken on the
mixture. The pH meter is being used to measure
II. MATERIALS AND METHOD the pH of the samples to calculate the pOH,
NaOH, NaOH concentration, and the percent
A. Materials conversion.
1. 4 Hot Plate with magnetic stirrer
2. pH meter
3. 16 pieces of 50mL beaker
4. 2 pieces of 500mL beaker
5. 4 pieces of 250mL beaker
6. 2 pieces of volumetric pipette
7. 4 magnetic stirrer
8. 2 pieces of Stirring Rod
9. 4 Watch glass
10. 0.05 M Sodium Hydroxide
11. 0.05 M Ethyl Acetate
B. Procedure
 BATCH REACTOR
Resyel Ponce, Carl James Sacobo, John Marvin Sevilla, Carissa Jane Tejio, Mitzi Anne Trinidad

Fig 6.1 Batch Rector Experiment Set-up

Fig 6.2 Measuring the pH of samples

Fig 6.3 Measuring the pH of samples

 BATCH REACTOR
Resyel Ponce, Carl James Sacobo, John Marvin Sevilla, Carissa Jane Tejio, Mitzi Anne Trinidad

IV. DATA AND RESULTS

Table 1. time, trial, pH, pOH, and order trials

Table 1. time, trial, pH, pOH, and order trials

zero order
0.05
0.05 f(x) = 0 x + 0.05
0.05 R² = 0.7
0.05
Cao-Ca

0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
time

Figure 1.1 (Cao-Ca) vs Time

first order
10
f(x) = 0.1 x + 5.57
8 R² = 0.92
ln(Cao/Ca)

6
4
2
0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
time

CA
Figure 1.2. ln
( ) CA
vs tim e
o
 BATCH REACTOR
Resyel Ponce, Carl James Sacobo, John Marvin Sevilla, Carissa Jane Tejio, Mitzi Anne Trinidad

2nd order
250000

200000 f(x) = 7084.88 x − 69453.03

R² = 0.99
(1/Ca)(1/Cao)

150000

100000

50000

0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
time

1 1
Figure 1.3 .
( −
CA CA
vs time
O
)
L
Therefore, the order of the reaction is 2nd order with a kinetic data of k=7084.9
mol−min

V. CALCULATION C A=C B
Therefore:
The reaction of
C A=C B =10− pOH
C 4 H 8 O2 + NaOH → Na C2 H 3 O 2 +C 2 H 6 O
For an overall order of zero:
Can be written in simpler form of
A+ B →C + D −r A =k C An C Bn
−r A =k C A2 n
Using the pH we calculate the pOH: −d C A 0
pOH =14−pH =k C A
dt
−( C A −C A )=kt
o
And to calculate the CB:
y=mx+b
C B=10− pOH
For an overall order of 1:
And for CAo&CBo: Therefore n=1/2
C A =C B =0.05 Mo o −d C A 1
2( )
=k C A 2
dt
Using material Balance: −d C A 1
( C A −C A )=(C B −C B ) =k C A
o o dt
 BATCH REACTOR
Resyel Ponce, Carl James Sacobo, John Marvin Sevilla, Carissa Jane Tejio, Mitzi Anne Trinidad

CA  Skin – Causes skin burns. May cause

ln ( )
CA
o
=kt

deep, penetrating ulcers of the skin.
Ingestion – May cause severe and
y=mx+b permanent damage to the digestive
tract. Causes gastrointestinal tract
For an overall order of 2: burns. May cause perforation o the
Therefore n=1 digestive tract. Causes severe pain,
−d C A nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and shock.
2 (1)
=k C A  Inhalation – irritation may lead to
dt chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary
−d C A 2 edema. Causes severe irritation of
=k C A
dt upper respiratory tract with coughing,
1 1 burns, breathing difficulty, and possible
− =kt coma. Causes chemical burns to the
CA C A o
respiratory tract.
y=mx+b
 Chronic – prolonged or repeated skin
C A=C A ( 1− X A )
o contact may cause dermatitis. Effects
C may be delayed.
X A =1− A
CA o
Ethyl Acetate Hazard
4.57 x 1 0−6  Eye – Causes eye irritation. Vapors may
X A =1−
0.05 cause eye irritation.
X A =0.9999  Skin – may cause skin irritation.
%conversion=99.99 % Repeated or prolonged exposure may
cause drying and cracking of the skin.
 Ingestion – may cause irritation of the
VI. CONCLUSION digestive tract. Ingestion of the large
Based on the results of the experiment, amounts may cause central nervous
the students were likely to determine the order depression. May cause headache,
of the reaction and its reaction rate constant. It nausea, fatigue, and dizziness.
was observed that the reaction is second order  Inhalation - may cause respiratory tract
(first order for each of the reactants). Therefore, irritation. Inhalation of high
the reaction rate is of the formula r=kCaCb, concentrations may cause narcotic
where Ca and Cb are in mol/L, while k is in effects. May be harmful if inhaled.
L/mol -s.  Chronic – may cause effects similar to
There are possible sources of error and those of acute inhalation.
deviation such as human error, temperature of
the room may not be consistent, the pH meter VIII. WASTE DISPOSAL
takes a lot of time to stop changing which may NaOH disposal:
lead to change in temperature and evaporation Neutralized the solution before dumping
of the solution. it inside the drainage. Adjust it to pH between 6
and 9 with an acid, such as sulfuric or citric.
VII. HAZARDS Open cold water ap completely, slowly pour the
NaOH Hazard reacted material to the drain.
 Eye – Causes eye burns. May cause
blindness. May cause chemical IX. QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS
conjunctivitis and corneal damage.
 BATCH REACTOR
Resyel Ponce, Carl James Sacobo, John Marvin Sevilla, Carissa Jane Tejio, Mitzi Anne Trinidad

1. Define the following: a power equal to the coefficient that

a. Reaction order occurs in the chemical equation.
b. Reaction rate constant
c. Molecularity 2. The different factors affecting the rate of
d. Law of Mass Action chemical reaction are the following:
2. What are the factors affecting the rate of a. Surface area of a solid reactant
chemical reaction? b. Concentration or pressure of a
3. A certain reaction is second order in A. reactant
When Ca is 0.03 mol/L, the rate is 3x10 - c. Temperature
3
L/mol-s. What is the rate when Ca is d. Nature of the reactants
0.015 mol/L? e. Presence/absence of a catalyst
4. A certain reaction is first order in A.
Calculate its half life if the specific rate 3. Given: Ca1 = 0.03 mol/L
constant is 3x10-3/s. k1 = 3x10-3 L/mol-s
5. The third order gas phase reaction 2NO Ca2 = 0.015 mol/L
+ O2 -> 2NO2 has a specific rate of Solution:
2.65x104 L2/mol2-s at 300C and 1 atm. Basis: t = 1 min = 60 sec
What is Kp in gmol/L-atm3-s? −dCa
=k Ca 2
dt
X. ANSWERS
−dCa
=kdt
1. Define the following: Ca2
a. Reaction order – It is a number that 1 1
− =kt
relates the rate of a chemical Ca Ca 0
reaction with the concentrations of 1 1
the reacting substances. The sum of − =k t
Ca1 Ca0 1
all the exponents of the terms
expressing concentrations of the 1 1
− =(3 x 10−3 )(60)
molecules or atoms determining the 0.03 Ca0
rate of the reaction. Ca0=0.03016 mol / L
b. Reaction rate constant – It is a
proportionality factor in the rate law
1 1
of chemical kinetics that relates the − =k t
molar concentration of reactants to
Ca2 Ca0 2
reaction rate. It is usually expressed 1 1
− =k (60)
as k. 0.015 0.03016 2
c. Molecularity – It shows the number k 2=0.5585/s
of molecules that affect the rate of
reaction, the number of molecules
that come together to react in a 4. Given: k = 3x10-3/s
reaction, or defined as the number Solution:
of molecules or ions that participate
−dCa
in the rate determining step. =k Ca 1
d. Law of mass action – It states that
dt
the rate of any chemical reaction is −dCa
=kdt
proportional to the product of the Ca
masses of the reacting substances.
The increase in mass also raises to
 BATCH REACTOR
Resyel Ponce, Carl James Sacobo, John Marvin Sevilla, Carissa Jane Tejio, Mitzi Anne Trinidad

Ca0
ln
Ca( )
=kt

Ca 0
ln (
1/2∗Ca 0
=kt )
ln ( 2 )=(3 x 10−3 /s) t
t=231.05 s
5. 2NO + O2  2NO2
Given: Kc = 2.65x104 L2/mol2-s
T = 300C
P = 1 atm
Kp = ?
Solution:
K p =K c ¿
K p =(2.65 x 10 4)¿
K p =1064.74386 mol/ L atm3 s

XI. APPENDIX
Resyel Ponce is a student of Technological Institute
of the Philippines taking up Bachelor of Science of
Chemical Engineering. She is the current president of
JPICHE-TIPM 2019-2020.

Carl James Sacobo is a student of Technological

Institute of the Philippines taking up Bachelor of
Science of Chemical Engineering.

John Marvin Sevilla is a student of Technological

Institute of the Philippines taking up Bachelor of
Science of Chemical Engineering. He is a former
executive vice president of JPICHE-TIPM 2017-2018.

Carissa Jane Tejio is a student of Technological

Institute of the Philippines taking up Bachelor of
Science of Chemical Engineering. She is a former
president of JPICHE-TIPM 2018-2019.

Mitzi Anne Trinidad is a student of

Technological Institute of the Philippines taking
up Bachelor of Science of Chemical
Engineering.