FACULTY OF PLANTATION AND AGROTECHNOLOGY

REPORT

AQUACULTURE TECHNOLOGY

AQU167

LAB 1

INTRODUCTION OF LABAROTARY EQUIPMENT

26 February 2020

NAME : NURIQMAL HAFIDZ BIN ZAMBRI

STUDENT ID NUMBER : 2019434184

PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN AQUACULTURE

PROGRAMME CODE : AT117

GROUP : AT1172A

LECTURER’S NAME : ENCIK MOHD SHAFIK BIN MOHD SAMSI

INTRODUCTION

A laboratary is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or

technological research, experiment and measurement may be performed. Laboratary
services are provided in a variety of setting such as clinics, hospital included school and
university student. Laoratary equipment refers to the various tools and equipment used by
scientists, professor, lecturer or student that working or studying in a laboratary. The
classical equipment includes tools such as beaker and microscope as well as speciality
equipment such as water treatment supply, analytical balance and chemistry safety cabinet
that I will discuss in more detail about this special equipment.

As a student studying science, we should learn about the equipment of the lab
because it is important for the student to know the function of the laboratary equipment more
better. As someone who is still learning, we certainly do not miss out on our mistakes either
consciously or unintentionally. Thus, indirectly improve safety while conducting the
experiment so that the student wiil keep their mind knows the precaution step for using
equipment it is because Besides that, the student can also handle the laboratary equipment
more carefully and correctly so that unwanted thing damage, breakage and other things will
happen.
OBJECTIVE

1. To learn several laboratary equipment.

2. To expose students to the various test equipment to be used in experiment.
3. To observe the lab practise norms for able to learn the correct way to set up the
experiment.

MATERIALS

1. Water treatment supply

2. Analytical balance
3. Chemistry safety cabinet

METHODOLOGY

1. Student observed and identified several laboratary equipment.

2. The person who is incharged equipment give a little explanation about the equipment
to the student.
3. Student discussed and learn with each other about the equipment.
4. Student may ask a question to the person who is incharged to tell about the
equipment
RESULT : The picture below shows some pictures of laboratary equipment that were
learned during the lab sesion.

Figure 1: the structure of water treatment supply machine from the front.
 Figure 2: the structure of reverse osmosis filter that have inside the water
treatment supply machine

Figure 3: the structure of low pressure switch that have inside the water
treatment supply machine.
Figure 4: the structure of 3 filter which is active carbon filter, precise filter
and quartz sand filter at the first layer

Figure 5: the structure of another 3 filter which is precise filter, sodium

filter and precise filter at the bottom of the first layer first layer filter.
 Figure 6: the structure of chemistry safety cabinet from the front.

Figure 7: the structure inside of the chemistry safety cabinet.

 Figure 8: the structure of analytical balance from the front.

DISCUSSION
 Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it more
acceptable for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply,
irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being
safely returned to the environment. Water treatment removes contaminants and undesirable
components, or reduces their concentration so that the water becomes fit for its desired end-
use. This machine has 7 filters eachof which has different functions. These filter are precise
filter, sodium filter, active carbon filter, quartz sand filter and reverse osmosis filter. A water
filter removes impurities by lowering contamination of water using a fine physical barrier, a
chemical process, or a biological process.

Filters cleanse water to different extents for purposes such as providing agricultural
irrigation, accessible drinking water, public and private aquariums. Reverse osmosis (RO) is
a water purification process that uses a partially permeable membrane to remove ions,
unwanted molecules and larger particles from drinking water. In reverse osmosis, an applied
pressure is used to overcome osmotic pressure, a colligative property that is driven by
chemical potential differences of the solvent, a thermodynamic parameter. Reverse osmosis
can remove many types of dissolved and suspended chemical species as well as biological
ones (principally bacteria) from water, and is used in both industrial processes and the
production of potable water.

The result is that the solute is retained on the pressurized side of the membrane and
the pure solvent is allowed to pass to the other side. Reverse osmosis also function as is an
effective water treatment method that will remove sodium and other minerals from drinking
water. Besides that, Carbon filtering works by adsorption, in which pollutants in the fluid to
be treated are trapped inside the pore structure[1] of a carbon substrate. The substrate is
made of many carbon granules, each of which is itself highly porous.

As a result, the substrate has a large surface area within which contaminants can be
trapped. Activated carbon is typically used in filters, as it has been treated to have a much
higher surface area than non treated carbon. One gram of activated carbon has a surface
area in excess of 3,000 m2 (32,000 sq ft). In the other hand, Chemical storage is the storage
of controlled chemicals or hazardous materials in chemical stores, chemical storage
cabinets, or similar devices.

Improper chemical storage can result in the creation of workplace safety hazards
including the presence of heat, fire, explosion and leakage of toxic gas. Chemical storage
cabinets are typically used to safely store small amounts of chemical substances within a
workplace or laboratory for regular use. These cabinets are typically made from materials
that are resistant to the chemicals stored in them and occasionally contain a bunded tray to
capture spillage.

Chemical storage devices are usually present where a workplace requires the use of
non-hazardous and/or hazardous chemicals. Proper storage is imperative for the safety of,
and access by, laboratory workers. Analytical balances are highly sensitive lab instruments
designed to accurately measure mass. Their readability has a range between 0.1mg -
0.01mg. Analytical balances have a draft shield or weighing chamber to prevent the very
small samples from being affected by air currents.

They're meant to detect very fine increments, so the slightest vibrations or breeze
can impact the results. As such, analytical balances should be used in a dedicated room with
as few disturbances as possible. Analytical balances need to be monitored carefully and
calibrated frequently. Most analytical balances have both automatic internal motorized
calibration and calibration with external weights.

CONCLUSION
 As a conclusion, laboratary equipment is very important things to learn before we
start to conduct the lab during experiment session. Laboratary equipmentb allows students
to interact directly with the data gathered. They get a first hand learning experience by
performing various experiment on their own. Students are made to use the equipment and
understand differrent scientific theories and concepts. It is also found that laboratary
equipment make teaching and learning easy both for the lecturers, as well as for the student.

It is important to always use the various laboratary apparatus with care and
precaution. If student are not used to handling them, student should seek the advice of an
experienced lecturer or laboratory handler because student can seriously injure themselves.
If student misuse the equipment, the experiment will provide the student with the incorrect
information and measurement as well.

The most common laboratary equipment are made of glass, therefore are extremely
fragile and breakable. The glass is important because it allows us to easily see what is going
on inside them, so they should be handled with care. The galss equipement such as beaker
and analytical balance are exposed to extreme heat and different experiment that making
them more prone to breakage.

Laboratary equipment play an important role in science and educationtherefore

should not be treated as toys. They are commonly found in university laborataries to provide
students with basic chemistry education and experience. They are also used in researrch
laborataries although these feature mored advanced and high end types of equipment. The
wide range of laboratary equipment available is each designed to serve a specific purpose.
They are all importantto scientist and researcher to carry out their work and experiment in
the lab which help produce data that will be beneficial to the public. This is why this
laboratary equipment session are given to the student for introduce them to the basic uses
and care of laboratary equipment.

Reference
Fritzsche, A (2017). "Corporate Foresight in Open Laboratories - A Translational Approach".
Technology Analysis & Strategic Management. 30 (6): 646–657.

Michael L. Matson; Jeffrey P. Fitzgerald; Shirley Lin (October 1, 2007). "Creating Customized,
Relevant, and Engaging Laboratory Safety Videos". Journal of Laboratory Education.

Carlson, Adam (September 5, 2013). "Top 8 Tools for Building a Personal Prototyping Laboratory". EE
Times.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory