EcoNiwas Samhita Session 1 PDF

6/30/2019
ECO-NIWAS SAMHITA
Part 2: Electro-Mechanical and Renewable Energy Systems
(Energy Conservation Building Code for Residential Buildings)
CONSULTATION WORKSHOP
Session 1: Code Scope and Content of ENS Part 2
1
Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Power, Government of India
Two Parts of ENS: Envelope & Active Measures
ENS Part 1: Draft ENS: Part 2

Building Envelope Electro-Mechanical and
Renewable System
Already
developed, and is
now getting Currently under development
implemented  Primary and Secondary study and
stakeholder consultations
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ECO Niwas Samhita (ENS) 2018

ECO Niwas Samhita was launched on 14
December 2018 on the occasion of National
Energy Conservation Day 2018
• For “Residential buildings”with plot area ≥ 500m2 and
“Residential part of Mixed-land use building projects”
with plot area ≥ 500m2
• Minimum performance standards for residential building
envelope to limit heat gains and heat loss
• Provisions include
• Maximum residential envelope transmittance value
(RETV) for building envelope except roof for all climate
• Maximum thermal transmittance value (Ucold) for building
envelope except roof for cold climate
• Maximum thermal transmittance value (Uroof) for building
envelope for all climate
• Minimum openable window-to-floor area ratio (WFRop)
• Minimum visible light transmittance (VLT) for non-opaque
building envelope components
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Proposed Content of the ENS Part 2

Scope of the code
• Chapter 1: Building services
• Chapter 2: Indoor electrical end use
• Chapter 3: Renewable energy integration
• Chapter 4: Compliance and implementation framework
• Appendix A: Annualized Embodied Energy

• Appendix B: Better Construction Practices
• Appendix C: Retrofitting of Residential Buildings
• Appendix D: Improved air cooling
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Scope of the code

Description:
Scope of the code can be defined based on the following criteria:
1. Definition of criteria based on the built-up area and/or plot area
2. Based on the type of building
3. Addition, alteration and repair of existing building
4. The code does not apply to ancillary facilities and spaces used for non-residential
purposes
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Scope of the code

1. Definition of criteria based on the built-up area and/or plot area
 Suggestion
Like ECBC-R: Part 1, it may be useful to harmonize the scope of
ECBC-R: Part 2 with the scope mentioned in the Real Estate
(Regulation and Development) Act, 2016.
This will be useful to bring clarity among the stakeholders (building
owner, Third Party Assessors, ULBs etc.) to be involved in code
compliance
The following projects do not require to be registered under the Act:
Area of land does not exceed 500 m²

No. of apartments does not exceed 8
In case of Renovation/Repair/Re-development
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Scope of the Code

 Suggestion
Building types in terms of detached housing, low rise and high rise have different requirements for building services
(water pumping, outdoor lighting, vertical transportation, power back-up options) and renewable energy potential
(lower solar fraction/DU on taller buildings).
It will important for the code to distinguish the provisions based on the building types.
• Multi-storey residential buildings

• Low rise apartments
• Farm house and villas
• EWS apartments with residential complexes
• Affordable housing
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Scope of the code

 Codes & Standards (international)
International Energy Conservation Code, USA (2015)
• “Three storey or less in height and comprise of detached one- and two-family dwelling or multiple single-family
dwellings”
National Construction Code, Australia (2016)
• This code covers all new residential buildings which are –
• single dwelling being a detached house; or one of a group of two or more attached dwellings, each being a building,
separated by a fire-resisting wall, including a row house, terrace house, town house or villa unit;
• a building containing two or more sole-occupancy units each being a separate dwelling.
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Scope of the code
3. Addition, alteration and repair of existing building

 Codes & Standards (national, international)
• Environmental Sustainability of Buildings, Singapore (2013)
• increasing the gross floor area of the existing buildings by 2,000 m2 or more..
4. The code does not apply to ancillary facilities and spaces used for non-residential purposes.
 Suggestion
The function and the energy consumption pattern of the ancillary facilities like community hall, club house, departmental
store, vegetable market etc. will be very different from the residential part of projects and their configuration will also
highly differ among residential complexes.
It is suggested to consider the applicability of the code only to residential part of the housing complex.
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ENS Part 2 – Proposed Chapters

Renewable Energy
Indoor electrical end use
Integration
(Indoor lighting,
Comfort systems,
Service hot water, Appliances)
Building Services
(Common area lighting,
Elevators, Pumps,
Power back-up, Transformers,
Power distribution loses, Electrical
Vehicle Supply Equipment, STP, APFC)
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Types of code compliance options
• Prescriptive
• Trade-offs code
• Performance code
• Outcome based code
Part 1 is based on Prescriptive and Trade-offs code

So, EPI approach has been proposed considering its advantages
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Annual Energy Performance

Energy Performance Index (EPI) [kWh/m2.year] or
Annual energy consumption [kWh/Dwelling Unit]
can be considered as a unified matrix to show compliance to ENS: Part 2
• To arrive at the EPI, each applicable component’s specific energy consumption will be translated
to annual net energy consumption and is normalized with dwelling super built-up area (m2)
• Energy Performance Index (in kWh/m2.year) is a widely accepted matrix used worldwide to
measure and benchmark the energy performance of buildings. The matrix is especially useful
for considering primary energy use where a mix of fuel supplies (like electricity, gas and
renewable etc.) are part of the energy use in buildings.
• EPI can be translated to GHG emission matrix, which is used widely to measure the
environmental performance of a ULB, state or the country.
• EPI can be considered both at the component level for electro-mechanical equipment and at
the combined solution set/building level.
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Consultation document: overall structure

For each building component, the consultation document discusses the
following
Description of the Energy efficient Mapping of Indian Mapping and The formula for
component and its technologies and initiatives, codes synthesis of arriving at EPI
energy use strategies and standards International codes
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Prototypes considered for calculation of annual energy

consumption
Prototype - 2
Prototype - 1
Prototype - 3
Prototype - 4
Features Prototype-1 Prototype-2 Prototype-3 Prototype-4

Allowed Ground Coverage 21.0% 25.0% 18.2% 14.3%
Built-up area per dwelling (m2) 100 100 100 100
Corridor area per dwelling (m2) 5 30 20 16.67
Super built-up area per dwelling (m2) 105 130 120 116.67
No. of dwelling units per floor 1 2 4 6
No. of floors 4 4 11 21
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Sample prototypes used for calculating annual energy

consumption
G+3 G+3 G+10 G+20
(1 dwelling (2 dwelling (4 dwelling (6 dwelling
Units
unit per units per units per units per
floor) floor) floors) floor)
Allowed Ground Coverage % 21.0% 25.0% 18.2% 14.3%
FAR 0.84 1 2 3
Plot area m2 500 1040 2640 4900
Built-up area per dwelling unit m2 100 100 100 100
Corridor area per dwelling unit m2 5 30 20 16.67
Super built-up area per dwelling unit m2 105 130 120 116.67
No. of dwelling units per floor Nos 1 2 4 6
Super built-up area per floor m2 105 260 480 700
Corridor area per floor m2 5 60 80 100
No. of floors Nos 4 4 11 21
Basement Parking Area m2 0 0 1920 7840
Total built-up area m2 420 1040 5280 14700
Total number of dwelling units in the building Nos 4 8 44 126
Height per floor m 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
Occupant per dwelling unit Nos 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
Electrical Load per dwelling unit kW 7 7 7 7
Tank height m 5 5 5 5
Litres per capita per
Service water requirements per person 135 135 135 135
day
Operating hours of pump hours 1 1 1 1
Total number of occupants in the buildings Nos. 18 36 198 567
Roof Area m2 105 260 480 700
Total service water requirement litres/day 2430 4860 26730 76545
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Approach for MEPS

ECBC Max. Business as Usual
EPI limit EPI
20-30%
Reduction
Min. Max.
EPI EPI
Practical Range
*Final EPI Range will be obtained based on following activities:

1. Site visits
2. Expert interviews
3. Consultation workshops
4. Primary data analysis
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Summary of all Equipment

EPI range for below given systems/equipment have been found using similar approach
as shown in the previous slide for common area lighting:
Chapter 1: Chapter 2: Chapter 3:

Building Services Indoor Appliances Renewable Energy Systems
Common area lighting Indoor lighting Solar hot water
Elevators Ceiling fans Solar PV
Pumps Air conditioners
UPS Losses Refrigerators
Distribution transformer Television
Power distribution losses Service hot water
Basement car parking
Electric vehicle supply equipment
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Common Area Lighting

 Description
• Lighting of common areas inside the building, such as corridors,
staircases, and basements;
• lighting of outdoor areas, such as roads and parks.
• Lamps used for outdoor lighting are incandescent lamps, compact
fluorescent lamps, halogen lamps and Light emitting diode (LED) lamps.
 EE strategies
Lumen output table
• Daylighting
Lumen Output 450 800 1,100 1,600
• Optimization of height Incandescent 40 W 60 W 75 W 100 W
and distance Halogen 29 W 43 W 53 W 72 W
CFL 10 W 13 W 16 W 20 W
• Automatic controls LED 5W 10 W 15 W 19 W
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Common Area Lighting

Lighting Power Density (in W/m2) = Illuminance (in lm/m2) / {Lamp Efficacy (in lm/W) * Lamp Lumen
maintenance Percentage * maintenance Factor * Coefficienct of Utilization (except outdoor)}
EPI (in kWh/m2.year) = Lighting Power Density (in W/m2) * Area (in m2) * Annual Hours of operation / (1000 *
Super Built-up Area (in m2) )
Annual Energy Consumption = EPI x Super Built-up Area
• Common Area Lighting: EPI Range in kWh/m2.year
0.46 16.06
• Common Area Lighting: Annual Energy Consumption Range per dwelling unit in kWh/year. dwelling unit
48 2,088
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Common Area Lighting - Assumptions

• 20% floor reflectance, 80% ceiling reflectance and 50% wall reflectance
• Expert Advice has been taken to consider 10% energy consumption reduction for
Photosensor
• Summer is considered for 4 months and outdoor lights will operate for 8 hours
• Spring, Autumn & Monsoon is considered for 4 months and outdoor lights will
operate for 11 hours
• Winter is considered for 4 months and outdoor lights will operate for 12 hours
• Basement lighting is always switched on
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Elevators
 Description
• Traction elevators
• geared traction elevator
• gearless traction elevator
• machine-room less traction elevator
• Hydraulic elevators
 EE strategies
Component Energy Conservation Measures
Hoist drive Permanent magnet gearless
Car Elevator PU-coated belts, multiple rope
Controls Software-defined, e.g., destination dispatch
Lighting/HVAC LEDs, efficient fans, occupancy sensors
Energy sources Regeneration plus solar
Other considerations Standby mode, variable door motors, power
factor near 1, Machine-room less
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Elevators-using NBC method

Motor Power Rating in kW = Assumed Weight per passenger (in kgs) * Acceleration due to gravity
i.e. 9.81 m/s * Assumed speed of Elevator (in m/s) * Capacity of Elevators * (1 –
2
Counterweight Factor) * Motor efficiency * Mechanical efficiency
EPI (in kWh/m2.year) = {[Motor Power Rating (in kW) * Hours of operation per year) * Motor
efficiency* 365] + [Wattage of fan and luminaire (in kW) * Annual Hours of operation]} *
No. of lifts / Super Built-up Area (in m2)
ASSUMPTIONS:
• Lift parameters assumed to have been tested to fulfil the service requirement of Interval, 5 minute
handling capacity, average waiting time and nominal travel time as provided in NBC
• Counterweight Factor assumed to be between 40% and 50%
• Mechanical efficiency assumed to be between 60% and 80%
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Elevators-using VDI method
EPI (in kWh/m2.year) = {[Specific Travel Energy (in mWh/m.kg) * Carrying Capacity (in kg) * Velocity of lift (in
m/s) * Travel time (in seconds per day) / 1000000 + [Standby Power (in kW) * Standby time (in hours
per day)]} * 365 * No. of lifts / Super Built-up Area (in m2)
• Elevators: EPI Range in kWh/m2.year
0.5 11.1
• Elevators : Annual Energy Consumption Range per dwelling unit in kWh/year.dwelling unit
63 1,290
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Pumps
 Description
• Centrifugal pumps
• Positive displacement pumps
• Rotary-type positive displacement
• Reciprocating-type positive displacementCentrifugal pump
• Linear-type positive displacement
 EE strategies
• Avoiding the oversizing of motors and pumps
• Piping design to overcome losses
• Use of positive displacement pumps where head is low to moderate
and constant flow is required
• Use of Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)s Careful design of pressure Positive
tanks, pumps and controls displacement
• Solar water pumps pump
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Pumps
Total head (in m) = Total Building Height + Tank Height
Discharge Rate (in m3/s) = Water requirement (in LPD) / (Density of Water * Operating Hours i.e. 1 hour/day *
3600 seconds/hour)
Pump Power (Hydraulic) (in kW) = Density of Water * Discharge Rate (in m3/s) * Acceleration due to gravity i.e.
9.81 m/s2 * Total head (in m)
EPI (in kWh/m2.year) = [Pump Power (Hydraulic) (in kW) / η] * Pumping System Energy Saving Potential * Annual
Hours of Operation / Super Built-up Area (in m2)
*Where η - Motor Efficiency x Mechanical Efficiency
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EPI Range
• Pumps: EPI Range in kWh/m2.year
0.08 1.24
• Pumps: Annual Energy Consumption Range per dwelling unit in kWh/year.dwelling unit
10.6 144.5
ASSUMPTIONS:
• Loss of power due to friction will be 30% for G+3, 50% for G+10 & 70% for G+20
• Hydro-pneumatic pumps can save 50% energy
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Uninterruptible Power Supply

 Description
• Emergency instantaneous power to critical devices e.g. emergency lighting, alarm system
• Protection against power surges, voltage drops, and frequency distortions.
• UPS with battery backup systems has been used in residential buildings as a power backup for operating the
essential services like lighting, ventilation and low power rated appliances like TVs
• Technologies
• on-line
• line-interactive
• standby
 Assumptions
• It is assumed that UPS will run for 100 hours annually
• Battery Charging Losses vary from 40% to 50%
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Uninterruptible Power Supply
Power required for charging UPS (in kW) = Electric discharge load per dwelling unit per hour (in
kW) / (Efficiency of UPS * battery charging losses)
EPI (in kWh/m2.year) = [Power required for charging UPS (in kW) + Electric discharge load per
dwelling unit per hour (in kW)] * Annual hours of discharging operation / Super Built-up Area (in m2)
• UPS: EPI Range in kWh/m2.year
0.58 6.19
• UPS: Annual Energy Consumption Range per dwelling unit in kWh/year.dwelling unit
76 650
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DG Set
 Description
Diesel generator set convert some of the chemical energy, contained by the diesel fuel, to mechanical
energy through combustion. This mechanical energy then rotates a crank to produce electricity. Single/three-phase
diesel-generating (DG) sets consisting of an internal combustion (IC) engine driven by diesel as fuel, alternating
current (AC) generator, associated control gear, switch gear, and auxiliary equipment.
The main parameter for design of DG sets is the specific fuel consumption (SFC), which determines the fuel
efficiency of the diesel engine. The BEE Standards and Labelling for DG sets has defined the Star labels upto 19 kW
based on this factor
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DG Set
EPI (in kWh/m2.year) (Energy Output) = [Generator Rating (in kVA) * Power Factor *
Annual hours of operation] / [(specific fuel consumption / minimum specific fuel
consumption of the DG Set) * Super Built-up Area (in m2) ]
• DG Set : EPI Range in kWh/m2.year
0.81 5.88
• DG Set : Annual Energy Consumption Range per dwelling unit in kWh/year.dwelling unit
105.3 617.4
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Transformers
 Description
• Electrical device using electromagnetic induction to pass an alternating
current (AC) signal from one electric circuit to another, often changing (or
"transforming") the voltage and electric current
• During the step down or step up process transformers generate a lot of

heat that must be dissipated to keep them running safely
• 2 types of transformers being used in the industry currently: Dry-type
transformers and oil-cooled transformers
 Differences:
• Location
• Voltage Capabilities
• Efficiency
• Noise
• Maintenance
• Recyclability
Oil cooled
 Assumptions
• Transformers are sized to cater to 1.5 times or 2 times the total connected load
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Transformer
For any given transformer, manufacturer provides No-Load Loss, PNo-Load (in Watts) and Losses at
full load, Pfull-Load (in Watts).
At any percent part load, losses, Ppart-Load (in Watts) can be calculated by,
PPart-Load = PNo-Load + (percent part load)2 * (Pfull-Load - PNo-Load)

EPI (in kWh/m2.year) = Calculated hourly power losses at part load (in kW) * percentage hourly
loading on transformer * average monthly loading factor * Hours of operation/ Super Built-up
Area (in m2)

• Transformer: EPI Range in kWh/m2.year
0.41 1.09
• Transformer: Annual Energy Consumption Range per dwelling unit in kWh/year.dwelling unit
54 130
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Basement Ventilation Fans

 Description
• When cars enter, exit and drive through enclosed parking garage, they release toxic
and non-toxic gases. If car engines were perfect, the vehicles would release carbon
dioxide (CO2), water (H2O) and Nitrogen (N). Unfortunately, car engines are not
perfect, and they typically release unburned fuel and fuel particles, various nitrogen
oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
• There are broadly two methods of complying with the Building Regulations regarding
ventilation and these are by natural or mechanical ventilation
 EE strategies
In normal day-to-day operation, the Jet fans are controlled by the CO system – in
accordance with the concentration threshold setting. In this way, carbon monoxide-
contaminated air is extracted from the car park
ASSUMPTIONS:
• Ducts would add 0.5 in wg (125 Pa) of pressure drop as per ASHRAE 90.1 which
is elimminated by using Jet Fans
• Pressure drop across the fan is assumed to be 0.5 in wg (125 Pa)
• Fan effiiciency is assued to be 60% 33

Basement Ventilation Fans

Motor Power Rating (in kW) = Basement Volume (in m3) * Number of Air Changes per hour * Pressure
Drop (in Pa) / (Motor efficiency * Mechanical efficiency * 3600)
If CO sensor is used and interlocked with VSD on fan,

EPI (in kWh/m2.year) = {[Motor Power Rating (in kW) * 365 * (8.4 + 15.6 * Power at part load with VSD
on fan) ]/ Super Built-up Area (in m2)}
Else
EPI (in kWh/m2.year) = Motor Power Rating (in kW) * 365 * 24/ Super Built-up Area (in m2)
• Basement Ventilation Fans: EPI Range in kWh/m2.year
1.9 25.2
• Basement Ventilation Fans : Annual Energy Consumption Range per dwelling unit in kWh/year.dwelling
unit
229 2,934
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Power distribution loses

 Description
• The distribution system includes the 230 V lines,
connections and supporting equipment, which carry
electricity from the transformer to the consumer premises
• The extent of the system depends upon the capacity and
position of the transformer and the location of the
consumers
• Losses occur in this part of the system due to line resistance
• Primary reason for the technical losses: poor network
configuration of the system and inappropriate
network/equipment maintenance
• Copper losses
• Dielectric losses
• Induction and radiation losses
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Power distribution loses

The power distribution losses inside the residential building(s)/ complex shall be based on
restriction of voltage drop of 3% for the distance between the transformer and panel
EPI (in kWh/m2.year) =

System Voltage (in Volts) * 1.732 * Full Load Current (in Amps) * (Conductor Resistance (in
ohm/km) * Power Factor + Conductor Reactance (in mho/km) * SinØ) * Length (in meters) * 100
* Full Load Current (in Amps) * Power Factor / (Line Voltage * No of Run * 1000 * 2 * Super
Built-up Area (in m2))
• Power Distribution Losses: EPI Range in kWh/m2.year

0.06 0.62
• Power Distribution Losses : Annual Energy Consumption Range per dwelling unit in kWh/year.dwelling unit
6.8 72.0
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Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE)

 Description
An Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE), is a component that
provides electric energy for recharging electric vehicles.
For charging at home or work, a few EVs have installed converters that
can connect to a standard electrical outlet or a high-limit apparatus
outlet. Others either require or can utilize a charging station that gives
electrical transformation, monitoring, or safety features. These stations
are additionally required when travelling long distances, and many
provide quicker charging at higher voltages and flows than that are
accessible from private EVSEs. Open charging stations are given by
electric service organizations
Energy Efficient Strategies for EVSE

Reduce the standby losses: Standby losses are due to No Vehicle Mode,
Partial On Mode and Idle Mode
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Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE)

Charging Time for 0 to 100 State of Charge (SOC) (hours) =
Battery Capacity (in Ah) /(EVSE Output Current (in Amp) x Efficiency)
Energy loss per day assuming single 0 to 100 SOC charging per day (kWh) = Maximum Output
Power (kW) * Charging Time (hours) * (1-EVSE efficiency) * No. of EVSE
Annual Energy Losses (in kWh/m2.year) = Energy Loss per day (kWh) * 365
Annual Energy Losses per dwelling unit (in kWh/m2.year) = Annual Energy Loss (kWh) * No. of dwelling
units
EPI (in kWh/m2.year) = Annual Energy Loss per dwelling unit (kWh) * No. of dwelling units
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EPI Range & Q&A

• Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment: EPI Range in kWh/m2.year
1.7 2.5
• Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment: : Annual Energy Consumption Range per dwelling unit in kWh/year.dwelling
unit
208.2 290.8
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Questions: Building Services
• Which BAU technology/ies are used?
• Which advanced energy efficiency technologies are available?
• Are there any challenges in adopting the energy efficient technologies?
• Are there good design strategies/practices for the component?
• What is the duration of operation of the component? (daily, monthly, yearly)
• What would be service life of the component?
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Indoor electrical end use
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Indoor lighting
 EE strategies
• In order to reduce lighting energy use, it is Efficiency
pertinent that home designers and builders Lamp
(lumen/W)
use windows and skylights to bring daylight
into the home 15W 40
• Designers should choose appropriate >15W-40W 50
lighting fixtures, lamps that use energy
more efficiently and install controls to >40W 60
reduce the number of time lights are on
Lighting Power Density (in W/m ) = Illuminance (in lm/m ) / {Lamp Efficacy (in lm/W) * Lamp Lumen
2 2
Maintenance * maintenance Factor * Coefficienct of Utilization}
EPI (in kWh/m2.year) = Lighting Power Density (in W/m2) * Area (in m2) * Annual Hours of operation /
Super Built-up Area (in m2)

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EPI Range & Questions

• Indoor Lighting: EPI Range in kWh/m2.year
2.78 21.51
• Indoor Lighting: Annual Energy Consumption Range per dwelling unit in kWh/year.dwelling unit
362 2,259
 Questions
• What key factors do you keep in mind while designing the indoor lighting system for a dwelling unit?
• Do you provide a mix of lighting technologies? Or have any preferred choice?
• What would be the typical lighting power density of a dwelling unit?
• What is the typical illuminance/lux level which is kept in a dwelling unit?
• Do you follow any standards/guidelines while selecting the lighting system?
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Fans
 Description
• Attached to the ceiling using an electric motor to rotate
blades or paddles in circular motion HVLS
 EE strategies Fan
• Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor:

• permanent magnets (instead of electromagnets) for the Rotor  magnetic field  interacts with the
magnetic field of the Stator to generate motion
• Improved Blades:
• Improving fan blade design has been shown to have significant influence on fan efficiency, e.g.
• Incorporation of aerodynamic attachments for conventional blades;
• decrease in the angle of attack using twisted, tapered (TT) blades;
• and use of TT blades with an air foil.
• High Volume Low Speed (HVLS):
• Optimised 3d-aerofoil blades, an active self-balancing system and electronically controlled high-
efficiency DC motors use only a fractional 15-20% of the electricity consumed by conventional
ceiling fans
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Fans
The energy consumption and EPI of the ceiling/ table/ pedestal fans in the residential buildings
can be directly estimated using the wattage of the fan(s)
EPI (in kWh/m2.year) = Total Wattage of fan(s) * Annual Hours of operation/ 1000* Super
Built-up Area (in m2)
(or)
The BEE star labelling uses the Service Value to determine the efficiency of the fan(s).
The EPI shall be estimated from the Service Value:
EPI (in kWh/m2.year) = [Air delivery rate in m3 per minute/Service Value of a fan] *
No. of fans * Annual Hours of operation/ (1000*Super Built-up Area (in m2))
Service Value of a fan is the sum that we get after dividing the air delivery (in cubic meter/minute) by its power
consumption. For example, if a fan gives air delivery of 220 CMM while consuming 50 Watts, its service value
will be: 220/50 = 4.4
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• Fans: EPI Range in kWh/m2.year
1.76 9.19
• Fans: Annual Energy Consumption Range per dwelling unit in kWh/year.dwelling unit
229 965
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Air-Conditioning
 Description
• Works by collecting hot air from a given space, processing
it within itself with the help of a refrigerant and a bunch of
coils
• Releasing cool air into the same space where hot air had
originally been collected
 EE strategies
• Window and Split AC
• EER represents the amount of cooling an air conditioner can provide
per watt of electricity it consumes (BEE rates air conditioners based
on EER)
• Inverter AC
• Motor of the inverter compressor has a variable speed
• Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) System
• Direct expansion (DX) multi-split system with variable speed
compressor, capable of delivering capacity according to variable
load requirement
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Air-Conditioning
• The EPI ranges for air-conditioner has been proposed

based on the simulation study performed for the
development of “Residential building energy labelling
programme”.
• Two models that are used to define EPI ranges are
– RETV 22.5 W/m2 + COP 3.1
– RETV of 5.4 W/m2 + COP 5.5
EPI (in kWh/m2.year) = EPI for air conditioned spaces (20% area) with 24 °C as set point (E1) + EPI for
other spaces (80% area) with natural ventilation (E2) set points defined by IMAC with Air
conditioner switched ON* + EPI for other appliances: E3
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EPI Range in kWh/m2.year
• Air conditioners: Annual Energy Consumption Range

• Air conditioners : EPI Range in kWh/m2.year per dwelling unit in kWh/year.dwelling unit
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Air-Conditioning: Q&A
• What key factors do you keep in mind while selecting an air-conditioner for a room
• Which types of air conditioners are common in a dwelling unit
• Which star rating is widely used while used in residences? (5/4/3/2/1 star)
• How do you size/select the AC in a house? (eg.1 ton per 150 Sqft)
• Does dwelling unit floor area determines the type of air-conditioning unit?
• What is the cost implication of selecting an energy efficient technology like inverter AC’s?
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Service Hot Water

 Description
• The typical electric water heater unit is wired to a 220-volt circuit.
• The current passes through electrical-resistance heating elements to heat the water
• Power is delivered to each element through a thermostat
 EE strategies
• Increasing the amount of water drawn
Increase in amount of energy delivered and ratio of useful energy
(delivered hot water) to wasted energy (tank losses)
• Energy consumption is much greater in cases with colder mains
temperature because more energy is required to bring the water up to a
useful temperature
• Avoid unconditioned spaces so as to reduce the tank losses
EPI (in kWh/m2.year) = [Total Wattage of water heater (s)]

* Annual Hours of operation based on 35 degree temperature difference/ Super Built-up Area (in m2)
51

• Service Hot Water: EPI Range in kWh/m2.year
8.45 41.39
• Service Hot Water : Annual Energy Consumption Range per dwelling unit in kWh/year.dwelling unit
1099 4346
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Appliances
Two Products considered
 Refrigerators
• EE of refrigerators has improved considerably over the

past two decades
• Room for improvements remains especially in
developing countries
• Successful strategies for improving average EE of a
country's refrigerator stock include MEPS and
mandatory energy labels linked with financial incentives
for consumers
 Televisions
• Product relies upon one of the following technologies:
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) with
Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CCFL) backlight, and
Light Emitting Diode (LED) backlight and Plasma Display
53
EPI Range & Q&A
EPI (in kWh/m2.year) = Average Annual Energy Consumption of the TV(s) or Refrigerator(s) (in kWh)/ Super
The EPI (in kWh/m2.year) of the refrigerator or TV can be estimated by finding out the average annual energy
consumption provided by BEE Standards & Labelling
20 inches size of TV and 55 inches size of TV and
BEE 5 star rated TV BEE 1 star rated TV
2.17
0.16 4.4
0.82
Direct Cool [gross volume: 150
Frost Free [gross volume: 695
Litres] and 5 star BEE rating
Litres] and 1 star BEE rating
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Questions: Indoor Appliance

• Which BAU technology/star rating are used?
• What are the advanced energy efficiency technologies available?
• Which star rating can be considered as adoptable/affordable in the residential buildings?
55
Solar Water Heating

 Description
• Requirement for hot water varies from 6 to 12 months in a year
• Average daily demand for hot water (at 40°C) per flat is around 300 litres
• two configurations:
• smaller individual systems for each flat
• larger community system, which supplies hot water through a common
pipe network to a group of flats
 EE strategies
• Flat Plate Collectors (FPC)
• Evacuated Tube Collectors (ETC)
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Solar Hot Water

The EPI for the Solar Water Heating (SWH) systems can be evaluated as shown as below:
Average Daily Solar Heat Requirement (in kWh/day) = Total Hot water requirement per day (in LPD) * 1000 L/m3 * Specific
heat capacity of water i.e. 0.00116 kWh/kg °C [Outlet water temperature(in °C) - Inlet water temperature (in °C) / Density of
Water i.e. 1000 kg/m3
Average Daily Collector Yield (in kWh/m2.day) = Average Daily Global Horizontal Irradiance (in kWh/m2.day) * Solar Fraction
* Hot Water distribution efficiency
Collector Area Required to supply Average Daily Solar Heat Requirement (in m2) = Average Daily Solar Heat
Requirement (in kWh/day) / Average Daily Collector Yield (in kWh/m2.day)
EPI (in kWh/m2.year)(SWH) savings = Collector Area Required (in m2) * Annual Energy consumption of
electric geysers (in kWh/year) / (Available Roof Area (in m2) * Super Built-up Area (in m2) )
where Collector Area Required ≤ Available Roof Area
57
EPI Range & Q&A

• Solar Hot Water: EPI Range in kWh/m2.year
-8.5 -41.4
• Solar Hot Water : Annual Energy Consumption Range per dwelling unit in kWh/year.dwelling unit
-1,099 -4,346
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Solar Photovoltaic
 Description & EE Strategies
 EE strategies
Stand-alone (off-grid) solar PV Grid-connected solar PV system Hybrid system (system with grid
system with dedicated loads with net metering back-up power)
Components
Array
• Solar Photovoltaic Panels Junction
• Inverters box
• Batteries
• Charge Controller
• Array Junction box Monocrystalline & Polycrystalline panels
59
Solar PV
The energy generation and EPI of the solar PV system in the residential buildings can be estimated using the
following inputs:
EPI (in kWh/m2.year) =
• % of available roof area % of available roof area * Average annual Solar
• Average annual Solar irradiance irradiance
• Efficiency of Solar PV Cells * Efficiency of Solar PV Cells * Inverter Efficiency / Super
• Inverter Efficiency
Annual Energy Generation = EPI x Super Built-up Area
• Solar PV: EPI Range in kWh/m2.year

-2.82 -82.16
• Solar PV: Annual Energy Consumption Range per dwelling unit in kWh/year.dwelling unit
-329 -10,681
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Questions: Renewable Energy Integration

Solar Hot Water:
• What key factors do you keep in mind while designing solar water heater system for residential building?
• Which types of collectors for Solar water heaters are preferred for any system in a residential building? (Flat Plate,
Evacuated tube etc.)
• Measures for insulating the storage tank for efficient storage of hot water?
• What is the service life of a typical solar water heater system?
• What is the cost of installing a solar water heater system of certain capacity?
• Do you follow any standards/guidelines while selecting the solar water system?
Solar Photovoltaics:
• What key factors do you keep in mind while designing the solar PV system for a building?
• Which types of PV module technologies are common in residential buildings? (e.g. Mono-Crystalline, Poly-Crystalline etc.)
• Which types of invertor are generally preferred in residential buildings?
• Which type of system is more often used, Grid connected or Stand alone?
• What is the service life of a typical SPV system?
• What is the cost of designing a solar PV system? How much extra cost it would take to buy an energy efficient technology
cell as compared to the conventional cells?
• Do you follow any standards/guidelines while designing the SPV system?
61
EPI Range Summary

- For each prototype define saving potential
- Based on energy saving potential and incremental cost define MEPS for individual components
60.00
40.00
20.00
EPI (in kWh/m2.year)
0.00
-20.00
-40.00
-60.00
-80.00
-100.00
Car
Commo Comfort Comfort Service Applian Solar
Elevator UPS Transfor Parking Indoor Applian
n Area Pump EVSE System_ System_ Hot ce_Refri Water Solar PV
s Losses mer Baseme lighting ce_TV
Lighting Fans AC Water gerator Heating
nt Fans
High EPI case 16.06 13.50 1.24 6.19 1.09 25.15 2.5 21.51 4.59 40.70 41.39 4.40 2.17 -8.45 -2.82
Low EPI Case 0.46 7.49 0.08 0.58 0.41 1.91 1.7 1.69 1.58 2.20 8.45 0.82 0.16 -41.39 -82.16
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Discussion
63
Thank You
64
32

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6/30/2019

Two Parts of ENS: Envelope & Active Measures

ENS Part 1: Draft ENS: Part 2

ECO Niwas Samhita (ENS) 2018

Proposed Content of the ENS Part 2

• Appendix A: Annualized Embodied Energy

Scope of the code

Scope of the code

The following projects do not require to be registered under the Act:

Area of land does not exceed 500 m²

Scope of the Code

• Multi-storey residential buildings

Scope of the code

2. Based on the type of building

National Construction Code, Australia (2016)

• This code covers all new residential buildings which are –

Scope of the code

3. Addition, alteration and repair of existing building

ENS Part 2 – Proposed Chapters

Types of code compliance options

Part 1 is based on Prescriptive and Trade-offs code

Annual Energy Performance

Consultation document: overall structure

Prototypes considered for calculation of annual energy

Features Prototype-1 Prototype-2 Prototype-3 Prototype-4

Sample prototypes used for calculating annual energy

Approach for MEPS

*Final EPI Range will be obtained based on following activities:

Summary of all Equipment

Chapter 1: Chapter 2: Chapter 3:

Common Area Lighting

Common Area Lighting

Annual Energy Consumption = EPI x Super Built-up Area

• Common Area Lighting: EPI Range in kWh/m2.year

Common Area Lighting - Assumptions

Elevators-using NBC method

Counterweight Factor) * Motor efficiency * Mechanical efficiency

Annual Energy Consumption = EPI x Super Built-up Area

Elevators-using VDI method

Annual Energy Consumption = EPI x Super Built-up Area

• Elevators: EPI Range in kWh/m2.year

*Where η - Motor Efficiency x Mechanical Efficiency

Annual Energy Consumption = EPI x Super Built-up Area

• Pumps: EPI Range in kWh/m2.year

Uninterruptible Power Supply

Uninterruptible Power Supply

• UPS: EPI Range in kWh/m2.year

Annual Energy Consumption = EPI x Super Built-up Area

• DG Set : EPI Range in kWh/m2.year

• During the step down or step up process transformers generate a lot of

PPart-Load = PNo-Load + (percent part load)2 * (Pfull-Load - PNo-Load)

Annual Energy Consumption = EPI x Super Built-up Area

Basement Ventilation Fans

• Pressure drop across the fan is assumed to be 0.5 in wg (125 Pa)

• Fan effiiciency is assued to be 60% 33

Basement Ventilation Fans

If CO sensor is used and interlocked with VSD on fan,

Power distribution loses

• Induction and radiation losses