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    Pathophysiology of Severe Mental Retardation

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    Giancarlo_Gala_4548
    Pathophysiology of Severe Mental Retardation Legend * - manifested by the client - flow of disorder - relevant factor ---- - signs and symptoms Predisposing Factor Genetic Conditions Congenital Anatomical Tendencies Mother’s Age Below 18 years old Precipitating Factor Pregnancy or Perinatal Problems such as: -fetal malnutrition - infection -hypoxia -trauma Mental Condition of Infancy -chicken pox -meningitis Maternal and Diet lifestyle such as: -alcohol drinking *-cigarette smoking -use of illic

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    Pathophysiology of Severe Mental Retardation

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    Giancarlo_Gala_4548
    88 views4 pages
    Pathophysiology of Severe Mental Retardation Legend * - manifested by the client - flow of disorder - relevant factor ---- - signs and symptoms Predisposing Factor Genetic Conditions Congenital Anatomical Tendencies Mother’s Age Below 18 years old Precipitating Factor Pregnancy or Perinatal Problems such as: -fetal malnutrition - infection -hypoxia -trauma Mental Condition of Infancy -chicken pox -meningitis Maternal and Diet lifestyle such as: -alcohol drinking *-cigarette smoking -use of illic

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    MERCY CRUIZ

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    Pathophysiology of Severe Mental Retardation Legend * - manifested by the client - flow of disorder - relevant factor ---- - signs and symptoms Predisposing Factor Genetic Conditions Congenital Anatomical Tendencies Mother’s Age Below 18 years old Precipitating Factor Pregnancy or Perinatal Problems such as: -fetal malnutrition - infection -hypoxia -trauma Mental Condition of Infancy -chicken pox -meningitis Maternal and Diet lifestyle such as: -alcohol drinking *-cigarette smoking -use of illic

    Copyright:

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    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    88 views4 pages

    Pathophysiology of Severe Mental Retardation

    Uploaded by

    Giancarlo_Gala_4548
    Pathophysiology of Severe Mental Retardation Legend * - manifested by the client - flow of disorder - relevant factor ---- - signs and symptoms Predisposing Factor Genetic Conditions Congenital Anatomical Tendencies Mother’s Age Below 18 years old Precipitating Factor Pregnancy or Perinatal Problems such as: -fetal malnutrition - infection -hypoxia -trauma Mental Condition of Infancy -chicken pox -meningitis Maternal and Diet lifestyle such as: -alcohol drinking *-cigarette smoking -use of illic

    Copyright:

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    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Pathophysiology of Severe Mental Retardation

    Legend
    * - manifested by the client
    - flow of disorder
    - relevant factor
    ---- - signs and symptoms

    Predisposing Factor Precipitating Factor

    Genetic Conditions Pregnancy or Perinatal Problems such as:


    Congenital Anatomical Tendencies
    Mother’s Age -fetal malnutrition
    Below 18 years old - infection
    -hypoxia
    -trauma

    Mental Condition of Infancy

    -chicken pox
    -meningitis

    Maternal and Diet lifestyle such as:

    -alcohol drinking
    *-cigarette smoking
    -use of illicit drugs
    -low protein and low iron diet
    -lead poisoning
    *-strenuous activity

    Trauma during Birth

    -physical trauma
    -anoxia

    Inadequate Blood Supply

    Constriction in Blood Vessels

    Shortage and Sluggish of Blood Circulation

    Inadequate Oxygenation

    Under develop of neurons

    Malfunction of Axon
    Terminal
    Malfunction of Nerve Impulses

    Neurotransmitter binds to receptor in


    Receiving Neuron’s membrane

    Disrupted Level
    Of Neurotransmitters

    Insufficient Dopamine Increase in Gamma-aminobutyric Alteration in Serotonin


    acid

    *-*-loses
    losesthe
    theability
    abilitytoto - -cause
    causeanxiety
    anxiety -- lack
    lack of
    of interest
    interest in
    in life
    life
    execute smooth
    execute smooth and and **- -tingling
    tinglingofofextremities -- sleep
    sleep disturbances
    disturbances
    controlled
    controlledmovements
    movements - shortness of breath
    extremities *-*-irritable
    irritablemoods
    moods
    *-*-decline in memory,
    decline in memory, - shortness of breath
    attentionand
    attention andproblem
    problem
    solving
    solving

    Alteration in transmitting neuron and


    Receiving neuron function

    Alteration in Brain

    Damaged Damaged Atrophy of Dysfunction of


    Cerebrum Cerebellum Hippocampus Amigdala

    Alteration of Alteration of Alteration of long Alteration to


    4 lobes behavior, term memory adaptive
    movement and behaviors and
    balance learning
    * - difficulty in * - find hard to
    judging * - difficulty in remember things * - temper
    * - lack of following * - trouble tantrums
    concentration instructions thinking logically * - difficult to
    - repetitive * - decrease * - difficulty to adjust new
    * - not seem to interest in solve problems environment
    listen when learning * - learning
    spoken * - answering disability
    * - inattentive question * - unable to
    - loss of smell inappropriately comprehend
    and sensation *-hypersensitivity
    * - loss of * - poor balance * - insensitive to
    determining * - lack of focus stimuli
    shapes, size and and attention * - difficulty
    texture * - poor gross focusing
    * - lack of motor skills * - delay language
    concentration * - delayed fine skills
    * - easily motor skills
    distracted
    * - easily
    distracted
    * - no eye contact

    Delays in oral language development


    Deficits in memory skills
    Difficulty learning social rules
    Difficulty with problem solving
    skills
    Mental Retardation Delays in the development of
    adaptive behaviors such as self-help
    or self-care skills

    Mild Mental Moderate Mental Severe Mental Profound Mental

    Retardation Retardation Retardation Retardation

    - IQ of 50 – 69 - IQ of 35 – 49 - IQ of 20 – 35 - IQ below 20
    - delay in motor
    development
    - may respond
    to training in
    elementary
    self-care
    - impaired
    judgment
    in making
    important
    decisions

    Delayed Language Skills


    Delayed Motor Skills
    Severe Mental Retardation Speech problems

    With Interventions Without Interventions

    Physical Assessment Client left alone without assistance


    Diagnostic Test Reprimand client all the time
    - Newborn Screening Reprimand client all the time
    - Bayley Scales of Infant Development Client is neglected by the family
    - Standford-Binet Intelligence Scale Client isn’t corrected with his/her
    - Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children doings
    - Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Client does not taught how to care
    Therapies about herself/himself
    - Adaptive Physical Education
    - Sensory Integration Program
    *- Speech and Language Therapy
    *- Occupational Therapy Poor Socialization
    *- Special Education Class
    *- Playhouse Experience
    - Parental Counseling
    Nursing Interventions Low Self- Esteem
    - Provide Safety
    - Stay always with the client
    - Support the family by actively listening
    to their feelings and concerns Dependent to Others
    - Encouraging self-care goals and
    emphasize needs of children, such as play
    and social interaction
    - Inform parents about stimulation, safety Worsen Complications
    and motivation

    Improved Level of Functioning

    Improved activities of Daily Living

    Self – Independent

    GOOD PROGNOSIS BAD PROGNOSIS

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