Ratification Page

The complete report of physical chemistry experiment with title “ Viscosity of

Liquid Substance “ was made by :

Name : Rahmiani

Class : Chemistry ICP

Id. Number : 081304154

Group : IV (four)

After checked by assistant and coordinator assistant, so this report is accepted.

Makassar, December 2010

Coordinator assistant Assistant

(Nurul Aulia Rahman ) (A.Widyasurianti )

Known by :

Responsibility lecture

(Jusniar, S.Pd, M.Pd.)

I. TITTLE OF EXPERIMENT
“ Viscosity of Liquid Substance “

II. THE AIM OF EXPERIMENT

To determine the viscosity of a liquid substance with viscometer Oswald

III. PREVIEW OF LITERATURE

Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a liquid which is being
deformed by either sheer stress ort tensile stress. In every day terms (and the
fluid only) viscosity is “thickness” or “internal friction ”. This water is “thin”
having a lower viscosity, while honey is “thick” having a higher viscosity. Put
simply, the less viscous the fluid is, the greater of movements (fluidity). The
viscosity describe a fluid internal resistance to flow layers move a different
viscosities and the fluid viscosity arises from the shear layer that ultimately
opposes any applied forces. The relationship between the sheer stress and
velocity gradient can be obtained by two plates closely spaced at a distance and
separated by a homogenous substance . Assuming that the plates are very large,
with a large area. Viscosity is measured with various types of viscometer and
rheometer. In liquid, the additional forces between molecules become important.
This lead to an additional contribution to the sheer stress though the exact
mechanism. The dynamic viscosity of water is 8,90 X 10-4 pas or 8,90 X 10-3 dyn
s/cm2 or o,890 cp. While the methanol is 5,44 X 10-4 pa.s or 0,554 mpa.s and
ethanol has the viscosity as much 1aht bigger to flow ,074 X 10-3 pa.s or 1,074
mpa.s (Anonym, 2010).

Liquid has the pushing force that bigger to flow then gasses, so that
the liquid has the viscosity coefficient that bigger than gasses. The viscosity of
gasses increase with the increasing of temperature. While the viscosity of liquid
decrease with the increasing of temperature. The viscosity coefficient on gasses
 in the temperature is not too big, it’s not depend on the pressure, but for liquid it
will increase with the increasing of temperature. The viscosity coefficient on
gasses in the temperature is not too big, it’s not the depend on the pressure, but
for liquid it will increase by the increasing of pressure. The viscosity of liquid
can be determined according to the poiseuille equation. The number of viscosity
coefficient of fluid is :
𝜋.𝑝.𝑟4.𝑡
Ƞ=
81𝑉

Where V= the value of liquid with viscosity Ƞ that flow during t through the
capillarity tube with pressure p dyne/cm2. Because the pressure is directly
proportional with the density. So we get the formula :
Ƞ1 𝜌1.𝑡1 𝑑1.𝑡1
= =
Ƞ2 𝜌2.𝑡2 𝑑2.𝑡2

This determination can be done by viscometer Oswald. A number of liquid is

entered the viscometer that put on thermostat. This liquid is absorbed with the
pomp in B, so that the surface over a. The liquid is let flow down and the time that
needed to flow from a to b is written with stopwatch. This experiment ir repeated
with the compare liquid after cleaned by determining t1 and t2 (Sukardjo, 2002 :
108-109).

The liquid flows can be classified into two types. The first is
“”laminar” or stock flow that commonly describe the velocity through a pipe. The
other one is “turbulent” that describe the big flow through the big pipe. Then
viscosity coefficient commonly can be measured with two methods, namely
viscometer Oswald and falling ball method. In viscometer Oswald the time that
needed to flow of same liquid is written and Ƞ is calculated with the relationship :
𝜋 (∆𝑃)𝑅4 𝑡
Ƞ=
8 𝑉𝐼
 Commonly the viscosity coefficient is calculated by comparing the velocity of
liquid with the velocity of viscosity coefficient that known and Ƞ is calculated
with :
Ƞ1 𝑑1.𝑡1
= 𝑑2.𝑡2
Ƞ2

The influence of temperature is the constant or viscosity coefficient is change with

the change of temperature is log Ƞ = A + B/T while the surface viscosity is definite
as the work that done to make wide the surface of liquid (Dogra, S , 1990 : 209-
213)

Thickness or viscosity sometimes associated with friction, the part of

friction between a letter with the other layer in a fluid or between fluid with its
place’s wall. The tool that use to measure the thickness of a fluid substrate is
viscometer the liquid has the tension to handle the movement in the part of the
place’s wall must be there is a force F that get the wall. The liquid that limited
with the wall has velocity with the velocity of its wall ( lecture team, 2006 : 85 –
85 )

The rate of flow of a liquid depends on the magnitude of the intermolecular

forces and the shapes of the molecules. All molecules experience London forces, due
to the polarity of the electron in a flowing liquid, steer stress aids molecular
movement concurrent with the overall velocity, and hinders in the opposite direction.
A quantity of energy +/- is imparted to the molecule in the from work. In industrial
applications, empirical formula are generally used for more accurate predictive result
to predict the liquid viscosity for several common liquid ( Anonym, 2010 ).
IV. APPARATUS AND CHEMICALS
A. Apparatus
a. Viscometer Oswald, 3 pieces
b. Beaker glass 1000 ml, 1 piece
c. Spray bottle
d. Stove
e. Picnometer 50 ml, 3 pieces
f. Gegept
g. Analytical balance
h. Bunsen
i. Thermometer, 3 pieces
j. Stopwatch
k. Dropping pipette

B. Chemicals
a. Aquadest (H2O)
b. Methanol ( CH3OH)
c. Ethanol (C2H5OH)
d. Tissue
e. Ice cube

V.WORK PROCEDURES
1. The viscometer was filled with aquadest through the right pipe lower than sign
b
2. The viscometer was entered into the water evaporator ( Beaker glass that filled
with water ) on the stove and the temperature was controlled with thermometer
where the water temperature must be same with the solution temperature.
3. The liquid was observed through the left pipe in order to the b area until over
sign a, on the particular temperature.
 4. The substance then let pouring through the pipe back to A. the time that
needed (by stopwatch) was written then pour in a to b
5. The same step were done by changing water with ethanol and methanol
6. Every measurement was done on temperature 20°C, 30°C and 40°C
7. While calculating the time., in the other hand the mass or density of each
substance was calculating by using picnometer
8. The coefficient of each solution was calculated with formula :
Ƞ1 ƿ1.𝑡1
= ƿ2.𝑡2
Ƞ2

The picture of viscometer oswald is

VI. OBSERVATION RESULT

Table I : time that used for each substances
Temperature
Liquid 20°C 40°C 60°C
Aquadest 3 minutes, 1 1 minute, 1 minute,
(H2O) 4 seconds 2 46 seconds 26 seconds
Methanol 4minutes, 2minutes, 3 2 minutes,
(CH3OH) 12 seconds 33 seconds 4 38 seconds
Ethaol 5 minutes, 4minutes, 5 4 minutes,
(C2H5OH) 45 seconds 39 seconds 6 3 seconds
 Table II : density for each substances
Density
Liquid Ƿ on 20°C Ƿ on 40°C Ƿ on 60°C

Aquadest 1,00262 g/ml 0,99456 g/ml 0,98508 g/ml

(H2O)

Methanol 0,79052 g/ml 0,77906 g/ml 0,75052 g/ml

(CH3OH)

Ethaol 0,78286 g/ml 0,7718 g/ml 0,7505 g/ml

(C2H5OH)

VII. DATA ANALYSIS

VII. DATA ANALISIS

1. Determination of density
a) - Densisty of water on 20 ̊c ( ρ water )
[ W of picnometer H2 O ]– W of blank picnometer
ρ H2O = V
77,612 𝑔𝑟−27,481 𝑔𝑟
= 50 𝑚𝑙
50,131 𝑔𝑟
= 50 𝑚𝑙
= 1,00262 gr/ml
- Density of water on 40°C (𝜌 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 )
[ W of picnometer+ H2 O ]– W of blank picnometer
ρ H2O = V
77,209 𝑔𝑟−27,481 𝑔𝑟
= 50 𝑚𝑙
49,728 𝑔𝑟
= 50 𝑚𝑙
= 0,99456 gr/ml
- Density of water on 60°C (𝜌 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 )
 [ 𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟+ 𝐻2 𝑂 ]– 𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
ρ H2O = 𝑉
76,735 𝑔𝑟−27,481 𝑔𝑟
= 50 𝑚𝑙
49,254 𝑔𝑟
= 50 𝑚𝑙
= 0,98508 gr/ml
b) - Density of methanol on 20 ̊C (𝜌 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙)
[ 𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟+ CH3 OH]– 𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
ρ CH3OH = 𝑉
67,412 𝑔𝑟−27,886 𝑔𝑟
= 50 𝑚𝑙
39,526 𝑔𝑟
=
50 𝑚𝑙
= 0,79052 gr/ml

- Density of methanol on 40 ̊C (𝜌 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙)

[ 𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟+ CH3 OH]– 𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
ρ CH3OH = 𝑉
66,839 𝑔𝑟−27,886 𝑔𝑟
= 50 𝑚𝑙
38,953 𝑔𝑟
= 50 𝑚𝑙
= 0,77906 gr/ml
- Density of methanol on 60 ̊C (𝜌 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙)
[ 𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟+ CH3 OH]– 𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
ρ CH3OH = 𝑉
65,412 𝑔𝑟−27,886 𝑔𝑟
= 50 𝑚𝑙
37,526 𝑔𝑟
= 50 𝑚𝑙
= 0,75052 gr/ml

c) - Density of ethanol on 20 ̊C (𝜌 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙)

[ 𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟+𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻 ]– 𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
ρ 𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻 =
𝑉
65,815 𝑔𝑟−26,672 𝑔𝑟
= 50 𝑚𝑙
39,143 𝑔𝑟
= 50 𝑚𝑙
= 0,78286 gr/ml

- Density of ethanol on 40 ̊C (𝜌 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙)

[ 𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟+𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻 ]– 𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
ρ 𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻 = 𝑉
 65,181 𝑔𝑟−26,672 𝑔𝑟
= 50 𝑚𝑙
38,509 𝑔𝑟
= 50 𝑚𝑙
= 0,77018 g/ml
- Density of ethanol on 60 ̊C (𝜌 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙)
[ 𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟+𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻 ]– 𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
ρ 𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻 = 𝑉
64,197 𝑔𝑟−26,672 𝑔𝑟
= 50 𝑚𝑙
37,525 𝑔𝑟
= 50 𝑚𝑙
= 0,7505 g/ml
2. Determination of viscosity Coefficient
a) - Viscosity coefficient of methanol (𝜂 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙 ) on 20 ̊C
Known = ρ water on 20 ̊C = 1,00262 g/ml ( 𝜌1 )
ρ water on 20 ̊C = 0,79052 g/ml ( 𝜌2 )
η water on 20 ̊C = 1,009 Centi poise ( Penuntun )
t water on 20 ̊C = 3 minutes, 4 second
= 148 second (𝑡1 )
t methanol on 20 ̊C = 4 minutes, 12 second
= 252 second (𝑡2 )
Asked : η methanol 0n 20 ̊C = ……….?
Answer :

Η1 𝜌1 𝑥 𝑡1
=
η2 𝜌2 𝑥 𝑡2

𝑔
1,009 centi poise 1,00262 𝑥 184 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
= 𝑚𝑙
η2 𝑔
0,7905 𝑥 252 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
𝑚𝑙
1,009 centi poise 184,48208
=
η2 199,21104

201,0039394
η2 =
184,48208

= 1,0895 centi poise

 So the η of methanol on 20 ̊C is 1.0895 centi poise

- Viscosity coefficient of methanol (𝜂 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙 ) on 40 ̊C

Known = ρ water ( 𝜌1 ) = 0,99456 g/ml
ρ water ( 𝜌2 ) = 0,77906 g/ml
η water on 40 ̊C = 0,654 Centi poise ( Penuntun )
t water ( t2 ) = 2 minutes, 33 second
= 153 second
t methanol (t1 ) = 1 minutes, 46 second
=106 second
Asked : η CH3OH 0n 40 ̊C = ……….?
Answer :

η1 𝜌1 𝑥 𝑡1
=
η2 𝜌2 𝑥 𝑡2

𝑔
0,654 centi poise 0,99456 𝑥 106 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
= 𝑚𝑙
η2 𝑔
0,77906 𝑥 153 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
𝑚𝑙
0,654 centi poise 105,42336
=
η2 119,10618

0,654 centi poise

= 0,88445
η2

0,654
η2 =
0,88445

= 0,739 centi poise

So the Viscosity coefficient of CH3OH on 40 ̊C is 0,739

centipoise

- Viscosity of CH3OH (η CH3OH) on 60 ̊C

 Known = ρ water ( 𝜌1 60° ) = 0,98508 g/ml
ρ water ( 𝜌2 60°) = 0,75052 g/ml
η water (η1) = 0,470 ( Penuntun )
t CH3OH on 60 ̊(t2 )= 2 minutes, 28 second
= 148 second
t CH3OH on 60 ̊ (t1 ) = 1 minutes, 26 second
=86 second
Asked : η CH3OH 0n 60 ̊C = ……….?
Answer :

η1 𝜌1 𝑥 𝑡1
=
η2 𝜌2 𝑥 𝑡2

𝑔
0,470 centi poise 0,98508 𝑥 86 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
= 𝑚𝑙
η2 𝑔
0,75052 𝑥 148 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
𝑚𝑙
0,470 centi poise 84,71688
=
η2 111,07696

0,470 centi poise

= 0,7626
η2

0,470 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒

η2 =
0,7626

= 0,616 centi poise

So the Viscosity coefficient of methanol on 60 ̊C is 0,616

centipoise

b) - Viscosity coefficient of ethanol on 20 ̊( η C2H5OH )

Known = ρ water ( 𝜌1 on 20 ̊C) = 1,00262 g/ml
ρ C2H5OH ( 𝜌2 on 20 ̊) = 0,78286 g/ml
η of water (η1 )= 1,009 Centi poise ( Penuntun )
 t of water ( t1 ) = 3 minutes, 4 second
= 184 second
t of C2H5OH (t2 ) = 5 minutes, 45 second
= 345 second
Asked : η C2H5OH 0n 20 ̊C = ……….?
Answer :

η1 𝜌1 𝑥 𝑡1
=
η2 𝜌2 𝑥 𝑡2

𝑔
1,009 centi poise 1,00262 𝑥 184 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
= 𝑚𝑙
η2 𝑔
0,78286 𝑥 345 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
𝑚𝑙
1,009 centi poise 184,48208
=
η2 270,0867

1,009 centi poise

= 0,683
η2

1,009 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒
η2 =
0,683

= 1,477 centi poise

So the Viscosity coefficient of C2H5OH on 20 ̊C is 1,477

centipoise

- Viscosity coefficient of ethanol on 40 ̊C (η C2H5OH )

Known = ρ water ( 𝜌1 on 40 ̊C) = 0,99456 g/ml
ρ C2H5OH ( 𝜌2 on 20 ̊) = 0, 77018 g/ml
η of water on 40 ̊ (η1 )= 0,654 Centipoise
t of water ( t1 ) = 1 minutes, 46 second
= 106 second
t of C2H5OH (t2 ) = 4 minutes, 39 second
= 279 second
Asked : η C2H5OH 0n 40 ̊C = ……….?
 Answer :

η1 𝜌1 𝑥 𝑡1
=
η2 𝜌2 𝑥 𝑡2

𝑔
0,654 centi poise 0,99456 𝑥 106 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
= 𝑚𝑙
η2 𝑔
0,77018 𝑥 279 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
𝑚𝑙
0,654 centi poise 105,42336
=
η2 214,88022

0,654 centi poise

= 04906
η2

0,654 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒
η2 =
0,4906

= 1,333 centi poise

So the η C2H5OH on 40 C
̊ is 1,333 centi poise

- Viscosity coefficient of C2H5OH on 60 ̊C (η C2H5OH )

Known = ρ water ( 𝜌1 on 60 ̊C) = 0,98508 g/ml
ρ C2H5OH ( 𝜌2 on 60 ̊) = 0, 7505 g/ml
η of water (η1 on 60 ̊C)= 0,470 Centi poise
t of water ( t1 on 60 ̊C) = 1 minutes, 26 second
= 86 second
t of C2H5OH (t2 on 60 C ̊ ) = 4 minutes, 3 second
= 243 second
Asked : η C2H5OH 0n 60 ̊C = ……….?
Answer :

η1 𝜌1 𝑥 𝑡1
=
η2 𝜌2 𝑥 𝑡2
 𝑔
0,470 centi poise 0,98508 𝑥 86 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
= 𝑚𝑙
η2 𝑔
0,7505 𝑥 243 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
𝑚𝑙
0,470 centi poise 84,71688
=
η2 182,3715

0,470 centi poise

= 0,4645
η2

0,470 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒
η2 =
0,4645

= 1,0118 centi poise

So, the viscisity coefficient of C2H5OH is 1,0118 centipoise.

VIII. DISCUSSION
In this experiment, it wanted to know the aim, namely to determine the
viscosity / the thickness level from a liquid on the particular temperature. In this
case the liquid substance that meant is methanol and ethanol with water as the
standard substance. The temperature that controlled is 20°C, 40°C and 60°C.
Viscosity in this case is the resistance that had by a fluid/liquid to the resistance
of layer to the other layer in a laminar flow.
Firstly the density of each fluid is determined that used by using
picnometer by controlling the temperature on 20°C, 40°C and 60°C. This
matter is done because the density from a liquid is influenced by the
temperature changes. From the data that we got on the table we can know that
the mass of fluid increase by decreasing of temperature. So the temperature is
inversely proportional with the density. This matter is suitable with the theory
which said that the increasing of temperature cause the particles in fluid will
far away, so that the density of the fluid will be small, oppositely, as lowest as
the temperature so the particles will be near each other so that the density will
increase. The density that we got from this experiment according to the data
analysis has been near with the theory like ƿ water = 1,00262 g/m l ̴ 1,0 g/ml
(according theory) and so that the other.
Then, after the density has been got so the investigation of the time
when the fluid move in viscometer Oswald is the tool that we used to determine
the thickness level in a fluid. In this case the time that used when move from
line a to the line b. In determination of that time must be managed for its
temperature before, namely on temperature 20°C, 40°C and 60°C for each fluid
namely water, ethanol. (C2H5OH) and methanol (C3H3OH).. According to the
experiment we used ice cube to decrease the temperature of fluid namely 20
°C and to manage the temperature become 40°C and 60°C we did the heating
process. In the experiment the temperature is very needed to be kept in order to
always constant so that the real viscosity coefficient (according to the theory).
According to the observation table can be seen that time that needed
decrease by the increasing of temperature or the other way. The long time that
needed sign that the liquid on that temperature ids difficult to flow because the
friction power of liquid with the viscometer wall is strong/big as the cause of
the temperature around the low viscometer in this case the time that needed on
temperature 20°C>40°C> 60°C . As high as the temperature so the friction
power will be lower so that is easy to flow and the time that needed will be
little.
From the density and time that got from the experiment so the
viscosity coefficient from C2H5OH and CH3OH on each temperature
20°C,40°C and 60°C can be determined by using the Poisulle equation :
Ƞ1 ƿ1.𝑡1
=
Ƞ2 ƿ2.𝑡2
 In this case for Ƞ1 is used the water standard which viscosity coefficient has
been known on temperature 20°C,40° and 60°C according to the theory.
According the data analysis can be seen that the viscosity coefficient
for each liquid on particular temperature ( 20°C,40° and 60°C) will decrease
by the increasing of temperature. So that we can conclude that the temperature
is inversely proportional with Ƞ.
As much as the temperature, so the viscosity coefficient value will be
smaller or oppositely. From the data analysis that got there is the different value
of viscosity coefficient of experiment and theory. This possibility is caused by
the apprentice mistake in examining the time or the inconstant temperature in
examining process. The comparison with the theory with data analysis can be
seen on this table below :

Viscometer Experiment (centipoises) Theory (centipoises)

Liquid 20 °C 40°C 60°C 20 °C 40°C 60°C
Methanol
(CH3OH) 1,0895 0,739 0,616 0,593 0,449 0,349
Ethanol
(C2H5OH) 1,477 1,333 1,0118 1,200 0,834 0,592

From the table above we can know that in theory the value of Ƞ os
decrease according to the increasing of temperature, the experiment result is
suitable with the concept. But the value is rather different because of the
apprentice mistake or because of the factors that explained before.
The factors that can influence the viscosity value of a fluid are :
1. Temperature
As much as the temperature so the viscosity value will be smaller or
oppositely.
2. The wide of surface
 As wide as the place so the surface tension will be smaller and the density
will density will smaller too. So that the value of Ƞ will be smaller too.
3. Pressure
As much as the pressure so the value of Ƞ will be smaller or oppositely.
4. Density
As much as the density, so Ƞ will be higher or oppositely (Ƞ is directly
proportional with ρ )

IX. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion
1. According to the data analysis we get the viscosity coefficient (Ƞ) for
CH3OH and C2H5OH are :
 On 20°C  ȠCH3OH = 1,0895 centipoise
ȠC2H5OH = 1,477 centipoise
 On 40°C  ȠCH3OH = 1,0895 centipoise
ȠC2H5OH = 0,739 centipoise
 On 60°C  ȠCH3OH = 1,0895 centipoise
ȠC2H5OH = 1,0118 centipoise

2. According to the theory (Sukardjo :2002) the viscosity coefficient lof

CH3OH and C2H5OH are :
 On 20°C  ȠCH3OH = 0,593centipoise
ȠC2H5OH = 1,200 centipoise
  On 40°C  ȠCH3OH = 0,449 centipoise
ȠC2H5OH = 0,834 centipoise
 On 60°C  ȠCH3OH = 0,349 centipoise
ȠC2H5OH = 0,592 centipoise
The value of Ƞ is rather different with the theory
B. Suggestion
It’s hoped in order to the apprentice can be more carefully in doing
the experiment especially then calculating the time and measure the
temperature in order to always constant.

ANSWER OF QUESTION

1. What is viscosity ?
Answer Viscosity is the force that done by a fluid to the other force by a
laminar flow
2. Mention the ways that used to determine the viscosity of fluid. Explain!
Answer to determine the viscosity of liquid we can use two methods,
namely:
 Viscometer Oswald, it used by measuring the velocity of liquid
flow by writing the time that used to flow on [particular liquid.
 Falling ball method , it related with the balance gravity from
thick liquid
3. Mention the factors that influence the viscosity
Answer 1. Pressure
2. The wide of surface
 3. Temperature
4. Density
4. Explain the influence of temperature to the viscosity
Answer As much as the temperature so the viscosity will be smaller or a s
1
much as temperature so the viscosity will be higher (ɳ = 𝑇 )
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anonym. 2010. Viscosity. www : http// en: wikipedia.org.com

Accesed on 1 December 2010.

Anonym. 2010. Theoretical basis of viscosity. www: http //en.

wikipedia.com Accesed on 1 December 2010.

Dogra,s. 1990. Kimia fisik dan soal – soal. Jakarta : Universitas

Indonesia Press.

Lecture Team. 2006. Fisika Dasar. Makassar : FMIPA UNM

Sukardjo. 2002. 2002. Kimia Fisika. Yogyakarta : Rineka Cipta