Research

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Inquiry-Based Governing Principles or Foundation of Inquiry

Inquiry-based Learning gets it support from these


LEARNIN G three educational theories serving as its
Inquiry | M E A N I N G foundation:
 Learning is your way of obtaining new 1. John Dewey’s theory of connected experiences
knowledge about your surroundings. for exploratory and reflective thinking
 Inquiry is a learning process that motivates you 2. Lev Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development
to obtain knowledge or information about
people, things, places, or events. 3. Jerome Bruner’s theory on learners’ varied
 It is done by investigating or asking questions world perceptions
about something you are inquisitive about.
 It requires one to collect data, meaning, facts
Benefits of Inquiry-Based Learning
and information about the object of inquiry and
examine that data carefully 1. Elevates interpretative thinking through graphic
skills
• Inquiry is an active learning process.
2. Improves student learning abilities
– It involves execution of varied thinking strategies 3. Widens learners’ vocabulary
(lower to higher-order thinking skills) 4. Facilitates problem-solving acts
5. Increases social awareness and cultural
eg. inferential, critical, integrative and creative
knowledge
thinking skills.
6. Increases social awareness and cultural
• Putting you in a situation where you need to knowledge
probe, investigate, or ask questions to find answers or 7. Encourages cooperative learning
solutions to what you are worried or doubtful about, 8. Provides mastery of procedural knowledge
inquiry is a problem-solving techniques 9. Encourages higher-order thinking strategies
• Inquiry elevates one’s thinking power. 10. Hastens conceptual understanding

– Inquisitive thinking allows you to shift from one level


of thought to another. What is Inquiry-Based Learning?

– Inquisitive thinking does not go in linear fashion, 1. Compare and contrast the three foundation
rather, it operates in an interactive manner. theories behind Inquiry-based Learning.

• Inquiry is a problem-solving technique. 2. How do you learn something through inquiry.

– To find answers or solutions, there is a need to probe, 3. Why is inquiry a scientific way of thinking?
investigate or ask questions 4. How do you learn something through inquiry?
– It includes cooperative learning. 5. Do you agree that inquiring on something
• Whatever knowledge you have about your means you are researching about it. Explain.
world bears the influence of your cultural, sociological,
institutional or ideological understanding of the world
NATURE OF Research
(Badke, 2012).
Research | M E A N I N G

 Research is a process ofexecuting various


mental acts for discovering and examining facts
and information to prove the accuracy or
truthfulness of your claims or conclusions about 4. To elevate your mental abilities by letting you
the topic of your research. think in HOTS of inferring, evaluating, synthesizing,
 Research requires you to inquire or investigate appreciating, applying and creating.
by asking questions that will make you 5. To improve your reading and writing skills
interpret, analyze, synthesize, criticize,
appreciate or create to discover truths about 6. To be familiar with the basic tools of research
your research topic. and the various techniques of gathering data and of
presenting research findings
Research = Inquiry
7. To free yourself, to a certain extent, from the
analogous domination nor strong influence of a
single textbook or of the professor’s lone
RESEARCH viewpoint or spoon feeding.
 It doesn’t center mainly on raising questions
about the topic but also on carrying out a
particular order of research stages. TYPES OF Research

INQUIRY 1. Based on Application of Research Method

It centers mainly on raising questions about the topic. a. Pure Research – deals with concepts principles
or abstract things and aims to increase one’s knowledge
about something
INQUIRY AND RESEARCH b. Applied Research – intends to apply one’s
 Both involve investigation of something through chosen research to societal problems or issues, finding
questioning. ways to make positive changes in the society
 Both involve cooperative learning.

2. Based on Purpose of the Research


CHARACTERISTICS OF Research
a. Descriptive Research
1. Accuracy- give correct and accurate data
– aims to define or give a verbal portrayal or picture of a
2. Objectiveness- must deal with facts person, thing, event, group, situation, etc.
3. Timeliness- fresh, new, and interesting to – is liable to repeated research because its topic relates
present society only to a certain period or limited number of years
4. Relevance- instrumental in improving society – develops in a researcher the inclination to conduct
5. Clarity- express its central point further studies on such topic

6. Systematic- organized and orderly b. Correlational Research


– shows relationships or connectedness of two factors,
circumstances or agents called variables that affect
PURPOSES OF Research
research
1. To learn how to work independently
– is only concerned in indicating the existence of a
2. To learn how to work scientifically or relationship, not the causes and ways of the
systematically development of such relationship
3. To have an in-depth knowledge of something
c. Explanatory Research - Refers to written or reported information which
are available for reading purposes
– elaborates or explains not just the reasons behind the
relationship of two factors, but also the ways by which
such relationship exists
APPROACHES TO Research
1. Scientific or positive approach
d. Exploratory Research • where you discover and measure information as
well as observe and control variables in an impersonal
– aims to find out how reasonable or possible it is to
manner
conduct a research study on a certain topic
• allows control of variables
– leads to discovery of ideas on topics that could trigger • appropriate data gathering techniques
your interest in conducting research studies. 1. structured interviews
2. questionnaires
3. observational checklists
e. Action Research
• data are expressed through numbers, which
– studies an ongoing practice of a school, organization,
means that this method is suitable for quantitative
community or an institution for the purpose of
approach
obtaining results that will bring improvements in the
system.
2. Naturalistic Approach

3. Based on Types of Data Needed • uses words, not numbers

a. Qualitative – requires non-numerical data, • directs the researchers to deal with qualitative
which means that the researcher uses words rather data that speak of how people behave towards their
than number to express the results, the inquiry or surroundings
investigation about people’s thoughts, beliefs, feelings, – non-numerical data that express truths about the way
views and lifestyles regarding the object of the study. people perceive or understand the world
Opinionated answers = not measurable • happens in naturalistic setting since people look
at their world in a subjective or personal basis in an
uncontrolled or unstructured manner.
b. Quantitative – involves measurement of data.
- it presents research findings referring to the
number of frequency of something in numerical forms 3. Triangulation Approach
(using percentages, fractions or numbers) • Combination of scientific and naturalistic
approaches

TYPES OF DATA • Researchers are free to gather and analyze data


using types, data gathering and data analysis
a. Primary data
techniques.
- obtained through direct observation or contact • Gives researchers the opportunity to view every
with people, objects, artifacts, paintings, etc. angle of the research from different perspectives
- new and original resulting from your sensory (Badke, 2012; Silverman, 2013)
experience
b. Secondary data
THE RESEARCH PROCESS • College English Language Teaching Forum,
STEP 1 Identifying a research problem English Forum, The Economist, Academia, Business
STEP 2 Exploring existing knowledge about the Circle, Law Review, etc.
research problem 4. General periodicals
STEP 3 Developing the research design. • Readers’ Digest, Women’s Magazine, Panorama
STEP 4 Collecting data. Magazine, Time Magazine, etc.
STEP 5 Analyzing data 5. Previous reading assignments in your other
STEP 6 Forming conclusions, implications, and subjects.
recommendations 6. Work experience
STEP 7 Reporting Findings

GUIDELINES ON CHOSING A TOPIC


1. Interest in the subject matter
2. Availability of information
3. Timeliness and relevance of the topic
4. Limitations on the subject
5. Personal resources

RESEARCH TOPIC TO BE AVOIDED


1. Controversial topics
2. Highly technical subjects
3. Hard-to-investigate subjects
4. Too broad subjects
5. Too narrow subjects
6. Vague subjects

EXAMPLES OF RESEARCH TOPIC TO BE AVOIDED


1. Filipino’s Admiration for the Current First Lady
of the Philippines
2. Some Excessively Priced Imported Vehicles
3. The Rise and Fall of All Kings and Queens
4. Labor Unions before the Coming of Jesus Christ
5. Pluses and Minuses of all English 2 textbooks
6. Definition of Research
7. The Extent of Filipinos’ Faith in God
8. The Structure of a Nuclear Weapon
9. Comma as a Punctuation Mark 10.Spaceship
Building

SOURCES OF RESEARCH TOPIC


1. Mass media communication – press
2. Books, internet, peer-reviewed journals,
government publications
3. Professional periodicals

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